Reflective learning: The use of "if only..." statements to improve performance

Social Psychology of Education

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 261-275

  Reichert, Laine K ^a,c   Seate, John R ^b,c  

^a VALDOSTA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO   (United States)

^c 15125 US Hwy 319N ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 53149134704     PISSN: 13812890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009643025983     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Arkin, Robert & Baumgardner, Ann (1985). Self-handicapping. In J. Harvey & G. Weary (Eds), Attribution: Basic issues and applications. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
2. Benham, J. Michelle (1995). Fostering self-motivated behavior, personal responsibility, and internal locus of control in the school setting (ERIC Document Reproduction Service, No. ED386 621).
3. Coffee, Amanda & Atkinson, Paul (1996). Making sense of qualitative data. London: Sage Publications.
4. Folger, Robert, Rosenfield, David, & Robinson, Thomas (1983). Relative deprivation and procedural justifications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 268-273.
5. Gavanski, Igor & Wells, Gary (1989). Counterfactual processing of normal and exceptional events. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 314-325.
6. Gilhooly, Ken & Johnson, Chris (1978). Effects of solution word attributes on anagram difficulty: A regression analysis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 30, 57-70.
7. Gilovich, Thomas, Medvec, Victoria, & Chen, Stephen (1995). Commission, omission, and dissonance reduction: Coping with regret in the "Monty Hall" problem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 182-190.
8. Goodhart, David (1986). The effects of positive and negative thinking on performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 117-124.
9. Harris, Paul, German, Tim, & Mills, Patrick (1996). Children's use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning. Cognition (Vol. 61). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
10. Hoch, Stephen (1985). Counterfactual reasoning and accuracy in predicting personal events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 719-731.
11. Hofstadler, Douglas (1979). Gödel, Escher, Bach: An eternal golden braid. New York: Vintage Books.
12. Hofstadler, Douglas (1985). Metamagical themas: Questing for the essence of mind and pattern. New York: Basic Books.
13. Janoff-Bulman, Ronnie (1979). Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1798-1809.
14. Kahneman, Daniel & Tversky, Amos (1982). The simulation heuristic. In D. Kahneman, Daniel Slovic & Amos Tversky (Eds.), Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 201-208.
15. Köller, Olaf & Möller, Jens (1995). Counterfactual reasoning after scholastic success and failure. German Journal of Educational Psychology, 9, 105-110.
16. Lipe, Marlys (1991). Counterfactual reasoning as a framework for attribution theories. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 456-471.
17. Markman, Keith, Gavanski, Igor, Sherman, Steven, & McMullen, Matthew (1993). The mental simulation of better and worse possible worlds. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 87-109.
18. Medvec, Victoria & Savitsky, Kenneth (1997). When doing better means feeling worse: The effects of categorical cutoff points on counterfactual thinking and satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1284-1296.
19. Niedenthal, Paula, Tangney, June P., & Gavanski, Igor (1994). "If only I weren't" versus "If only I hadn't": Distinguishing shame and guilt in counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 585-595.
20. Roese, Neal (1994). The functional basis of counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 805-818.
21. Roese, Neal (1997). Counterfactual thinking. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 133-148.
22. Roese, Neal & Olson, James (1993). Self-esteem and counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 65, 199-206.
23. Roese, Neal & Olson, James (1995). What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
24. Roese, Neal & Olson, James (1996). Counterfactual thinking: The intersection of affect and function. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 29). San Diego: Academic Press.
25. Shaver, Kelly & Drown, Debra (1986). On causality, responsibility, and self-blame: A theoretical note. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 697-702.
26. Sherman, Steven & McConnell, Allen (1995). Dysfunctional implications of counterfactual thinking: When alternatives to reality fail us. In N. Roese & J. Olson (Eds.), What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
27. Sherman, Steven & McConnell, Allen (1996). The role of counterfactual thinking in reasoning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, S113-S124.
28. SPSS (1996). Statistical program for the social sciences, release 7.0. Chicago: SPSS.
29. Strathman, Alan, Gleicher, Faith, Boninger, David, & Edwards, Chris (1994). The consideration of future consequences: Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 742-752.
30. Taylor, Samuel (1991). Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events: The mobilization-minimization hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 67-85.
31. Teigen, Karl H. (1995). How good is good luck? The role of counterfactual thinking in the perception of lucky and unlucky events. European Journal of Social Psychology, 281-302.
32. Thornton, Bill (1984). Defensive attribution of responsibility: Evidence for an arousal-based motivation bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 721-734.
33. Trice, Ashton (1985). An academic locus of control scale for college students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61, 1043-1046.
34. Whittier, John G. (1898). The works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Volume 1. New York: Houghton, Mifflin.