Palaeofloristics of Middle Pennsylvanian medullosaleans in Variscan Euramerica

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 268, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 164-180

  Cleal, Christopher J ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Medullosales; Moscovian Stage; Palaeofloristics; Variscan Euramerica

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; GYMNOSPERM; MOSCOVIAN; PALEOBOTANY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PALEOLATITUDE; PENNSYLVANIAN; TROPICAL FOREST; UPLIFT; WATER TABLE; WETLAND;

BOHEMIA; CENTRAL EUROPE; CZECH REPUBLIC; DONETS BASIN; EURASIA; EUROPE; FRANCE; LORRAINE; SILESIA; WESTERN EUROPE;

MEDULLOSALES; SPERMATOPHYTA;

EID: 53049084605     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.045     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Anderson M.J. A new method of non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26 (2001) 32-46
2. Bashforth A.R. Late Carboniferous (Bolsovian) macroflora from the Barachois Group, Bay St. George Basin, southwestern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 24 (2005) 1-123
3. Barthel M. Epidermisuntersuchungen an einige inkohlten Pteridospermenblättern des Oberkarbons und Perms. Geologie 11 (1962) 1-140
4. Bek R. Alethopteris pfeilstickeri, ein neuer Farn aus dem Oberkarbon von Lugau-Ölsnitz. Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ISIS in Dresden 1917 (1917) 23-28
5. Bell W.A. Fossil flora of Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia. Canada Department of Mines and Resources. Geological Survey Memoir 215 (1938) 1-334 107 pls
6. Bertrand P. Bassin houiller de la Sarre et de la Lorraine. I. Flore fossile. 1et Fascicule Neuroptéridées. Études des Gîtes Minéraux de la France (1930) 1-58 pls 1-30
7. Bertrand P. Bassin houiller de la Sarre et de la Lorraine. I. Flore fossile. 2me Fascicule. Aléthoptéridées. Études des Gîtes Mineraux de la France (1932) 59-107 pls 31-60
8. Besly B.M. Palaeogeographic implications of late Westphalian to early Permian red-beds, Central England. In: Besly B.M., and Kelling G. (Eds). Sedimentation in a Synorogenic Basin Complex. The Upper Carboniferous of Northwest England (1988), Blackie, Glasgow and London 200-221
9. Besly B.M., and Turner P. Origin of red beds in a moist tropical climate (Etruria Formation, Upper Carboniferous, UK). Special Publications of the Geological Society, London 11 (1983) 131-147
10. Besly B.M., and Cleal C.J. Upper Carboniferous stratigraphy of the West Midlands (UK) revised in the light of borehole geophysical logs and detrital compositional suites. Geological Journal 32 (1997) 85-118
11. Bless M.J.M., Bouckert J., Calver M.A., Graulich J.M., and Paproth E. Paleogeography of upper Westphalian deposits in NW. Europe with reference to the Westphalian C north of the mobile Variscan belt. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, Nieuwe Serie 28 (1977) 101-147
12. Buisine M. Contribution a l'étude de la flore du terrain houiller. Les Aléthoptéridées du Nord de la France. Études Géologiques pour l'Atlas Topographie Souterraine 1 4 (1961) 1-317 pls 1-74
13. Caride C., Greber C., and Ortuno G. Flore des faisceaux productifs du bassin central des Asturies (Espagne). Compte rendu 7e Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère 2 (1973) 267-284
14. Cleal C.J. Floral biostratigraphy of the upper Silesian Pennant Measures of South Wales. Geological Journal 13 (1978) 165-194
15. Cleal C.J. A new species of Neuropteris from the middle Westphalian of Palencia. Estudios Geologicos 37 (1981) 77-82
16. Cleal, C.J., 1985. The Cyclopteridaceae (Medullosales, Pteridospermopsida) of the Carboniferous of Saarland, Federal Republic of Germany. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.
17. In: Cleal C.J. (Ed). Plant Fossils in Geological Investigation: the Palaeozoic (1991), Ellis Horwood, Chichester 233 pp
18. Cleal C.J. The palaeobotany of the upper Westphalian and Stephanian of southern Britain and its geological significance. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 95 (1997) 227-253
19. Cleal C.J. Two new late Carboniferous Neuropteris species (Medullosales) from Saarland, Germany and their palaeogeographical significance. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139 (2002) 193-205
20. Cleal C.J. The Westphalian macrofloral record from the cratonic central Pennines Basin, UK. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 156 (2005) 387-410
21. Cleal C.J. The Westphalian-Stephanian macrofloral record from the South Wales Coalfield, UK. Geological Magazine 144 (2007) 465-486
22. Cleal, C.J., in press. Westphalian-Stephanian macrofloras of the southern Pennines Basin, UK. Studia Geologica Polonica.
23. Cleal C.J., and Thomas B.A. Plant Fossils of the British Coal Measures. Field Guide to Fossils (1994), Palaeontological Association, London 222 pp
24. Cleal C.J., and Shute C.H. A synopsis of neuropteroid foliage from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian of Europe. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series 51 (1995) 1-52
25. Cleal C.J., and Thomas B.A. The Westphalian fossil floras from the Cattybrook Claypit, Avon (Great Britain). Geobios 21 (1988) 409-433
26. Cleal C.J., and Zodrow E.L. Epidermal structure of some medullosan Neuropteris foliage from the middle and upper Carboniferous of Canada and Germany. Palaeontology 32 (1989) 837-882
27. Cleal C.J., and Shute C.H. Systematics of the Late Carboniferous medullosalean pteridosperm Laveineopteris and its associated Cyclopteris leaves. Palaeontology 46 (2003) 353-411
28. Cleal C.J., Shute C.H., and Zodrow E.L. A revised taxonomy for Palaeozoic neuropterid foliage. Taxon 39 (1990) 486-492
29. Cleal C.J., Tenchov Y., and Zodrow E.L. Review of the late Westphalian early Stephanian macrofloras of the Dobrudzha Coalfield, Bulgaria. Geologica Balcanica 34 (2004) 11-20
30. Corsin P. Classification des Ptéridophytes et des Ptéridospermophytes du Carbonifère. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, Série 7 2 (1960) 566-572
31. Crookall R. Fossil plants of the Carboniferous rocks of Great Britain [Second Section]. Part 2. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Palaeontology 4 i-iv (1959) 85-216 pls 25-58
32. Daber R. Pflanzengeographische Besonderheiten der Karbonflora des Kzickau-Lugauer Steinkohlenreviers. Geologie 4 (1955) 3-95
33. Daber R. Parallelisierung der Flöze des Zwickauer und des Lugau-Oelsnitzer Steinkohlenreviers auf Grund paläobotanischer Untersuchungen. Geologie 6 (1957) 1-76
34. Dimitrova T.Kh., Cleal C.J., and Thomas B.A. Palynology of late Westphalian early Stephanian coal-bearing deposits in the eastern South Wales Coalfield. Geological Magazine 142 (2005) 809-821
35. Doubinger J., and Germer R. Die Gattung Odontopteris im Saarkarbon. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 136 (1971) 129-147
36. Doubinger J., and Germer R. Die Gattung Callipteridium im Saarkarbon. Geologica et Palaeontologica 6 (1972) 93-109
37. Doubinger J., and Germer R. Beiträge zur Revision der Gattung Alethopteris im Saarkarbon. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 145 (1974) 151-181
38. Doubinger J., and Germer R. Beiträge zur Revision der neuropteridischen Pteridospermen im Saarkarbon. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 153 (1975) 1-27
39. Doubinger J., Vetter P., Langiaux J., Galtier J., and Broutin J. La flore fossile du bassin houiller de Saint-Étienne. Mémoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 164 (1995) 1-357
40. Egemen M.R. On the significance of some forms of Neuropteris gigantea Sternberg from the Carboniferous of Anatolia (Turkey). Journal of the Palaeontologcial Society of India 3 (1958) 179-184
41. Falke H., and Kneuper G. Das Karbon in limnischer Entwicklung. Compte rendu 7e Congrès de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Krefeld, 1971) 1 (1972) 49-67
42. Fissunenko O.P., and Laveine J.-P. Comparaison entre la distribution des principales espèces-guides végétales du Carbonifère moyen dans le bassin du Donetz (URSS) et les bassins du Nord-Pas-de-Calais et de Lorraine (France). Compte rendu 9e Congrès de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Washington and Urbana, 1979) 1 (1984) 95-100
43. Fritz A., Boersma M., and Krainer K. Steinkohlenzeitliche Pflanzenfossilien aus Kärnten. Carinthia II 49 (1990) 1-189
44. Gaitzsch B., Röβler R., Schneider J.W., and Schretzenmayer S. Neue Ergebnisse zur Verbreitung potentieller Muttergesteine im Karbon der variscischen Vorsenke in Nordostdeutschland. Geologisches Jahrbuch, A 149 (1998) 25-58
45. Galtier J. Coal-ball floras of the Namurian-Westphalian of Europe. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 95 (1997) 51-72
46. Gibling M.R., Saunders K.I., Tibert N.E., and White J.A. Sequence sets, high accommodation events, and the Coal Window in the Carboniferous Sydney Coalfield, Atlantic Canada. In: Pashin J.C., and Gastaldo R.A. (Eds). Sequence Stratigraphy, Paleoclimate, and Tectonics of Coal-bearing Strata. AAPG Studies in Geology 51 (2004) 169-197
47. Gothan W. Paläobotanische Mitteilungen. 5. Die Unterteilung der karbonischen Neuropteriden. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 22 (1941) 421-438
48. Gothan W. Die merkwürdigen pflanzengeographischen Besonderheiten in den mitteleuropäischen Karbonfloren. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 91 (1951) 109-130
49. Gothan W. Pflanzengeographisches aus dem mitteleuropäischen Karbon. Geologie 3 (1954) 219-257
50. Hammer Ø., and Harper D.A.T. Paleontological Data Analysis (2006), Blackwell, Oxford xi + 351 pp
51. Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., and Ryan P.D. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4 1 (2001). http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm 9 pp. (http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm)
52. Havlena V. Neuropteridy českého karbonu a permu. Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického 16 (1953) 1-168 6 pls
53. Heckel P.H. Chairman's column. Newsletter on Carboniferous Stratigraphy 22 (2004) 1-3
54. Hickey L.J., and Taylor D.W. The leaf architecture of Tichodendron and the application of foliar characters in discerning its relationships. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 78 (1991) 105-130
55. Hill M.O., and Gauch H.G. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42 (1980) 47-58
56. Hoffmann F. Untersuchungen über die Pflanzen-Reste des Kohlengebirges von Ibbenbühren und von Piesberg bei Osnabrück. Archiv für Bergbau und Hüttenwesen 13 (1826) 266-282
57. Jongman R.H.G., ter Braak C.J.F., and van Tongeren O.F.R. Data analysis in community and landscape analysis. 2nd edition (1995), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge xxi + 299
58. Jongmans W.J. Anadolu Kömür Havzasi{dotless}ni{dotless}n Şark Ki{dotless}si{dotless}mlari{dotless}nda Bulunan Karbon Formasiyonuna Ait Nebatî Fosiller Hakki{dotless}nda Etüd. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Yayinlarindan, Seri B: Irdeller 2 (1939) 1-40 14 pls
59. Jongmans W.J. Notes paléobotaniques sur les Bassins houillers de l'Anatolie. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, Serie C 9 (1955) 55-89
60. Josten K.-H. Neuropteris semireticulata, eine neue Art als Bindeglied zwischen den Gattungen Neuropteris und Reticulopteris. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 36 (1962) 33-45
61. Josten K.-H. Die Steinkohlen-Floren Nordwestdeutschlands. Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 36 (1991) 434 pp., 220 pls
62. Josten K.-H., and van Amerom H.W.J. Die Pflanzenfossilien im Westfal D, Stefan und Rotliegend Norddeutschlands. Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 39 (1999) 1-168
63. Kerey I.E., Kelling G., and Wagner R.H. An outline stratigraphy and palaeobotanical records from the middle Carboniferous rocks of northwestern Turkey. Annales de la Société géologique du Nord 105 (1985) 203-216
64. Kotasowa A. Przyczynek do znajomosci gatunku Neuropteris scheuchzeri Hoffmann. Kwartalník Geologiczny 17 (1973) 423-429 1 pl
65. Kotasowa A. Fitostratygrafia najwyzszego odcinka profilu karbonu produktywnego G>rnoslaskiego Zaglebia Weglowego. Kwartalnik Geologiczny 23 (1979) 525-532
66. Laveine J.-P. Contribution a l'étude de la flore du terrain houiller. Les Neuroptéridées du Nord de la France. Études Géologiques pour l'Atlas Topographie Souterraine 1 5 (1967) 1-344 pls A-P, 1-84
67. Laveine J.-P. Guide palèobotanique dans le terrain houiller Sarro-Lorrain. Houilleres du Bassin de Lorraine, Merlebach (1989) 154 pp., 64 pls
68. Laveine J.-P. The Cyclopteris of Laveineopteris (Late Carboniferous pteridosperm). Fancies and facts: methodological and taxonomical implications. Revue de Paléobiologie 24 (2005) 403-487
69. Laveine J.-P., Coquel R., and Loboziak S. Phylogénie générale des Calliptéridiacées (Ptéridospermopsida). Geobios 10 (1977) 757-847
70. Laveine J.-P., Lemoigne Y., and Zhang Shanzhen. General characteristics and paleobiogeography of the Parispermaceae (genera Paripteris Gothan and Linopteris Presl), pteridosperms from the Carboniferous. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 230 (1993) 81-139
71. Lyons P.C., and Darrah W.C. Earliest conifers of North America: upland and/or paleoclimatic indicators?. Palaios 4 (1989) 480-486
72. Meyen S.V. Fundamentals of Palaeobotany (1987), Chapman and Hall, London and New York xxi + 432 pp
73. Němejc F. On some discoveries of fossil plant remains in the Carboniferous districts of central Bohemia (II). Bulletin International de l'Académie des Sciences de Bohème 33 (1929) 1-10
74. Němejc F. Studies on the alethopterids of the Permo-carboniferous of Central Bohemia (with remarks on forms collected in other Bohemian coal districts). Vestník Královské Ceské Společnosti Nauk 2 (1936) 1-18 2 pls
75. Němejc F. Odontopterids and mixoneurae of the Permocarboniferous of Bohemia (a preliminary study). Sborník Národního Musea v Praze 5 (1949) 3-31 B
76. In: Nikolov Z. (Ed). Geologiya na Dobrudzhanskiya buglishchen basein. Tehnika, Sofia 170 (1988) 8 pls
77. Novik E.O. Kamennougol'naya flora evropeiskoi chasti SSSR. Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Paleontologiya SSSR, Novaya Seriya, Vol. 1 (1952) 468 pp., 71 pls
78. Novik E.O. Kamennougol'naya flora vostochnoi chasti Donetskogo basseina. Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Kiev, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Seriya Stratigrafii i Paleontologii vol. 7 (1954) 138 pp., 26 pls
79. Opluštil S. Late Carboniferous tectono-sedimentary evolution and related terrestrial biotic changes on the North Variscan and Appalachian forelands, and adjacent paralic and continental basins. Geologica Balcanica 34 (2004) 51-67
80. Opluštil S. Evolution of the Middle Westphalian river valley drainage system in central Bohemia (Czech Republic) and its palaeogeographic implication. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 222 (2005) 223-258
81. Opluštil S., and Cleal C.J. A comparative analysis of some Late Carboniferous basins of Variscan Europe. Geological Magazine 144 (2007) 417-448
82. Raup D., and Crick R.E. Measurement of faunal similarity in paleontology. Journal of Paleontology 53 (1979) 1213-1227
83. Raymond A., Parker W.C., and Parrish J.T. Phytogeography and paleoclimate of the Early Carboniferous. In: Tiffney B.H. (Ed). Geological Factors and the Evolution of Plants (1985), University Press, Yale 169-222
84. Renier A. Documents pour l'étude de la paléontologie du terrain houiller (1910), H. Vaillant-Carmanne, Liège 27 pp., 118 pls
85. Schneider J.W., Hoth K., Gaitzsch B.G., Berger H.J., Steinborn H., Walter H., and Zeidler M.K. Carboniferous stratigraphy and development of the Erzgebirge Basin, east Germany. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 156 (2005) 431-466
86. Schneider J.W., Rössler R., Gaitzsch B.G., Gebhardt U., Kampe A., and Breitkreuz Ch. Saale-Senke. In: Wreder V. (Ed). Stratigraphie von Deutschland V. Das Oberkarbon (Pennsylvanium) in Deutschland. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg vol. 254 (2005) 419-440
87. Scotese C.R. Phanerozoic Reconstructions: A New Look at the Assembly of Asia (1986), University of Texas, Institute for Geophysics Technical Report No. 66, 54 pp
88. Seward A.C. Plant Life Through the Ages (1933), University Press, Cambridge xxi + 603 pp
89. Shi G.R. A comparative study of 39 binary similarity coefficients. Memoir, Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 15 (1993) 329-341
90. Shi G.R. Spatial aspects of palaeobiogeographical data and multivariate analysis. Memoir, Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 18 (1995) 179-188
91. Šimůnek Z. Varieties of the species Alethopteris grandinioides Kessler from the Kladno Formation (Westphalian C, D, Bohemia). Casopis pro mineralogii a geologii 33 (1988) 381-394
92. Šimůnek Z. The Upper Westphalian flora of the Bohemian Massif (pteridosperms, cordaites and extrabasinal elements). Geologica Balcanica 34 (2004) 77-84
93. Šimůnek Z. Cuticular analysis of medullosalean pteridosperms from the Radnice Member (Pennsylvanian) of the Central and Western Bohemian basins (Czech Republic). In: Wong Th.E. (Ed). Proceedings of the XVth International Congress on Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy. Utrecht, the Netherlands, 10-16 August 2003 (2007), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 389-402
94. Šimůnek Z., and Cleal C.J. The taxonomy of middle Westphalian medullosalean foliage known as 'Alethopteris grandinioides early form' from the Central and Western Bohemian Basin. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey 77 (2002) 61-64
95. Šimůnek Z., and Cleal C.J. Small-pinnuled odontopterid medullosaleans from the middle and upper Stephanian of Central Bohemia and Saar-Lorraine. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 129 (2004) 21-38
96. Sternberg, K.M. von, 1833. Versuch einer geognostisch-botanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt, Vol. 2 (5-6). J. Spurny, Prague, pp. 1-80, pls 1-26.
97. von Sternberg K.M., Presl K.B., and Corda A.C.J. Versuch einer geognostisch-botanischen Darstellung der Flora der Vorwelt., Vol. 2 (7-8). G. Hässe und Söhne, Prague (1838) 81-220 pls 27-68, A-B
98. Sterzel J.T. Palaeontologischer Charakter der Steinkohlenformation und des Rothliegend von Zwickau. Erläuterung zur geologische Specialkarte Sachsen, Sect. Zwickau 2 (1901) 87-142
99. Stewart W.N., and Rothwell G.W. Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants. (2nd edition) (1993), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge xii + 521 pp
100. Stidd B.M. The current status of medullosan seed ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 32 (1981) 63-101
101. Stockmans F. Les Neuroptéridées des bassins houiller belges (première partie). Mémoires de Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 57 (1933) 1-61
102. Stockmans F. Paléobotanique et stratigraphy. Compte rendu Quatrième Congrès pour l'Avancement des Études de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Heerlen, 1958) 3 (1962) 657-682
103. Taylor T.N., and Taylor E.L. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants (1993), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ xxii + 982 pp
104. Tenchov Y.G. Paleophytogeography and origin of floristic provinces in Europe during the upper Namurian and the Westphalian. Geologica Balcanica 5 (1975) 64-72
105. Tenchov Y.G. Stratigraphy of the Carboniferous from Stangalps, Austria. Geologica Balcanica 8 (1978) 105-110
106. Tenchov Y.G. Carboniferous flora from Brunnachhöhe, Kärnten, Austria. Geologica Balcanica 8 (1978) 89-91
107. Tenchov Y.G. The genus Lonchopteris Brongniart in the Dobrudzha Carboniferous Basin, Bulgaria. Geologica Balcanica 34 (2004) 97-104
108. Tenchov Y.G., and Popov A.B. The genus Linopteris Presl (Late Carboniferous) in Dobrudza Coal Basin. Geologica Balcanica 17 (1987) 15-32
109. Tenchov Y.G., and Popov A.B. The genus Paripteris Gothan in Dobrudza Coal Basin (Late Carboniferous). Geologica Balcanica 17 (1987) 77-90
110. Tenchov Y.G., and Popov A.B. Morphogenetical transition between genera Neuropteris (Brongniart) and Reticulopteris Gothan in Dobrudza Coal Basin. Geologica Balcanica 20 6 (1991) 41-51
111. Thomas B.A. Phytogeography of Asturian (Westphalian D) lycophytes throughout the Euramerican belt of coalfields. Geological Magazine 144 (2007) 457-463
112. Thomas B.A., and Cleal C.J. Plant fossils from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 105 (1994) 15-32
113. Torsvik T.H., and Cocks R.M. Earth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: a palaeomagnetic, faunal and facies review. Journal of the Geological Society, London 161 (2004) 555-572
114. Vakhrameev V.A., Dobruskina I.A., Meyen S.V., and Zaklinskaja E.D. Paläozoische und mesozoische Floren Eurasiens und die Phytogeographie dieser Zeit (1978), G. Fischer, Jena 300 pp. [Originally published in Russian, in 1970]
115. Wagner R.H. Middle Westphalian floras from northern Palencia (Spain). Estudios Geológicos 16 (1960) 55-92
116. Wagner R.H. Palaeobotanical dating of Upper Carboniferous folding phases in NW. Spain. Memorias del Instituto Geologico y Minero de España 66 (1966) 1-169
117. Wagner R.H. Upper Westphalian and Stephanian species of Alethopteris from Europe, Asia Minor and North America. Mededelingen van de Rijks Geologische Dienst, Serie C, III-1 6 (1968) 1-188
118. Wagner R.H. Comments on the upper Westphalian and Stephanian floras of Czechoslovakia, with particular reference to their stratigraphic age. In: Holub V.M., and Wagner R.H. (Eds). Symposium on Carbononiferous Stratigraphy (1977), Geological Survey, Prague 441-457
119. Wagner R.H. Megafloral zones of the Carboniferous. Compte rendu 9e Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Washington, 1979) 2 (1984) 109-134
120. Wagner R.H., and Alvarez-Vázquez C. Floral characterisation and biozones of the Westphalian D Stage in NW Spain. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 183 (1991) 171-202
121. Wagner R.H., and Bowman M.J. The position of the Bashkirian/Moscovian boundary in west European chronostratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 12 (1983) 132-161
122. Wagner R.H., and Lemos de Sousa M.J. The Carboniferous megafloras of Portugal - a revision of identifications and discussion of stratigraphic ages. In: Lemos de Sousa M.J., and Oliviera J.T. (Eds). The Carboniferous of Portugal. Memórias dos Serviços de Portugal vol. 29 (1983) 125-152 18 pls
123. Wagner R.H., and Winkler Prins C.F. Stratotypes of the two lower Stephanian stages, Cantabrian and Barruelian. Compte rendu 10e Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Madrid, 1983) 4 (1985) 473-483
124. Wagner R.H., Fernandez-Garcia L., and Eagar R.M.C. Geology and palaeontology of the Guardo Coalfield (NE León - NW Palencia). Cantabrian Mts. Instituto Geologico y Minero de España, Madrid (1983) 109 pp
125. Walters T., and Osborne R. Cycad Classification. Concepts and Recommendations (2004), CABI Publishing, Walingford xvii + 267 pp
126. Wightman W.G., Scott D.B., Medioli F.S., and Gibling M.R. Agglutinated foraminifera and thecamoebians from the Late Carboniferous Sydney coalfield, Nova Scotia: paleoecology, paleoenvironments and paleogeographical implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 106 (1994) 187-202
127. Zalessky M.D. Sur quelques végétaux fossils nouveaux des terrains carbonifère et permien du basin du Donetz. Problemy Paleontologii 2-3 (1937) 155-193
128. Zdanowski A., and Żakowa H. The Carboniferous system in Poland. Prace Pañstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 148 (1995) 215 pp
129. Ziegler A.M. Phytogeographic patterns and continental configurations during the Permian Period. Geological Society of London Memoirs 12 (1990) 363-379
130. Zodrow E.L. Odontopteris Brongniart in the Upper Carboniferous of Canada. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 196 (1985) 79-110
131. Zodrow E.L. Foliar forms of Macroneruopteris scheuchzeri (Pennsylvanian, Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada). Atlantic Geology 39 (2003) 23-37
132. Zodrow E.L., and Cleal C.J. The epidermal structure of the Carboniferous gymnosperm frond Reticulopteris. Palaeontology 36 (1993) 65-79
133. Zodrow E.L., and Cleal C.J. Revision of the pteridosperm foliage Alethopteris and Lonchopteridium (Upper Carboniferous), Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 247 (1998) 65-122 14 pls
134. Zodrow E.L., and McCandlish K. Distribution of Linopteris obliqua in the Sydney Coalfield of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B 168 (1978) 1-16