Coal-ball floras of the Namurian-Westphalian of Europe

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Volumn 95, Issue 1-4, 1997, Pages 51-72

  Galtier, Jean ^a  

^a INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE L EVOLUTION   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBONIFEROUS; NAMURIAN; PALAEOBOTANY; PALAEOECOLOGY; WESTPHALIAN;

BELGIUM, BOUXHARMONT; CZECH REPUBLIC; GERMANY; SPAIN; UK, ENGLAND, LANCASHIRE;

EID: 0030620547     PISSN: 00346667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0034-6667(96)00027-9     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Absolom, R.G., 1929. Lower Carboniferous coal-ball flora of Haltwhistle, Northumberland. Proc. Univ. Durham Philos. Soc., 8: 73-87.
2. Barthel, M., 1976. Die Rotliegendflora Sachsens. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Mineral. Geol., 24: 1190.
3. Bateman, R. and DiMichele, W.A., 1991. Hizemodendron, gen. nov., a pseudosegregate of Lepidodendron (Pennsylvanian): Phylogenetic context for evolutionary changes in lycopsid growth architecture. Syst. Bot., 16: 195-205.
4. Beckary, S., 1987a. Holmesopteris faironiae, fougère nouvelle du Carbonifère supérieur des Monts Cantabriques (NW de l'Espagne) et de Belgique. Geobios, 20(1): 115-122.
5. Beckary, S., 1987b. Association floristique et faunique rencontrée dans les coal balls de la mine Rosario (NW de l'Espagne - Namurien C-Westphalien A). Interprétation paléoécologique. Ann. Soc. Géol. Nord, 106: 111-116.
6. Beckary, S., 1988. Etude anatomique des végétaux des coal balls Carbonifères du site de Truebano, Province de Leon, Espagne. Thesis, Univ. Lille, 403 pp.
7. Beckary, S. and Laveine, J.P., 1985. Découverte du genre Medullosa Cotta dans le Carbonifère du NW de l'Espagne, Province de Léon. C. R. 10e Congr. Int. Stratigr. Géol. Carbonifère, Madrid, 1983, II: 141-154.
8. Bertram, U., 1989. Untersuchungen an coal balls aus dem Namur A von Ostrau unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der Gattungen Heterangium, Lyginopteris und Microspermopteris. Palaeontographica B, 214: 125-224.
9. Binney, E.W., 1865. A description of some fossil plants showing structure found in the lower coal-seams of Lancashire and Yorkshire. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 155: 579-604.
10. Blanc-Louvel, C., 1965. Etude anatomique comparée des tiges et des pétioles d'une Ptéridospermée du Carbonifère du genre Lyginopteris Potonié. Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Sér. C 18, 103 pp.
11. Brzyski, B., 1965. A petrified Carboniferous lepidodendrid Lepidophloios fuliginosus from the vicinity of Rybnik (Upper Silesian Coal Basin). Acta Palaeobot, 6: 3-13.
12. Brzyski, B., 1969. Struktury tkankowe skamienialych szczatkow flory karbonskiej (Namur A) z Gornoslaskiego Zaglebia Weglowego. [Tissue structures of petrified plant remains from the
13. Carboniferous (Namurian A) of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin).] Acta Palaeobot., 10(1): 3-98 (in Polish).
14. Brzyski, B., 1989. New finding of petrified axis of Carboniferous pteridophyte Ankyropteris bertrandii in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Acta Palaeobot., 21(1): 27-34.
15. Brzyski, B. and Stuchlik, L., 1992. A new petrified stem fragment of a Namurian Medullosa from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 147: 137-145.
16. Corda, A.J., 1845. Beiträge zur Flora der Vorwelt. Calve, Prague, 128 pp.
17. Corsin, P., 1937. Contribution à l'étude des Fougères anciennes du Groupe des Inversicaténales. Thèse, Sautai Impr., Lille, 247. pp
18. Corsin, P., 1956. Sur la morphologie de Botryopteris ramosa Williamson. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., lie Sér., 17: 303-312.
19. Cowie, J.W. and Bassett, M.G., 1989. Global stratigraphie chart.
20. Episodes, 12(2). Cross, A.T. and Phillips, T.L., 1990. Coal-forming plants through time in North America. Int. J. Coal Geol., 16: 1-46.
21. Darrah, W.C., 1939. The fossil flora of Iowa coal balls, I. Discovery and occurrence. Bot. Leaf. Harvard Univ., 7: 125-136.
22. DiMichele, W.A., 1979. Arborescent lycopods of Pennsylvanian age coals: Lepidophloios. Palaeontographica B, 171: 57-77.
23. DiMichele, W.A., 1980. Paralycopodites Morey et Morey, from the Carboniferous of Euramerica - A reassessment of generic affinities and evolution of "Lepidodendrori" brevifolium Williamson. Am. J. Bot., 67(10): 1466-1476.
24. DiMichele, W.A. and Phillips, T.L., 1977. Monocyclic Psaronius from the Lower Pennsylvanian of the Illinois Basin. Can. J. Bot., 55(19): 2514-2524.
25. Dopita, M. and Kralik, J., 1971. Mineralized cordaitic tissues from the seams of the Jaklovec series (Namur A) of the Ostrava-Karvina basin. Collect. Sci. Works Min. Inst. Ostrava, Min. Geol. Sen, 17(26): 75-91 (in Czech).
26. Felix, J., 1886. Untersuchung über den inneren Bau westfälischer Carbonpflanzen. Abh. Geol. Specialkarte Preuss. Thuring. Staaten, 7: 153-225.
27. Galtier, J. and Hohnes, J., 1976. Un Corynepteris à structure conservée du Westphalien d'Angleterre. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, D282: 1265-1268.
28. Galtier, J. and Phillips, T.L., 1985. Swamp vegetation from Grand'Croix (Stephanian) and Autun (Autunian), France and comparisons with coal-ball peats of the Illinois Basin. C. R. 9th Congr. Int. Stratigr. Geol. Carbonifère, Washington and Champaign-Urbana, 1979, 5: 13-24.
29. Galtier, J., Phillips, T.L. and Chalot-Prat, F., 1986. Euramerican coal-swamp plants in mid-Carboniferous of Morocco. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 49: 93-98.
30. Gomez de Llarena, J. and Arango, C.R., 1946. Las "Tacanas" (coal balls) de la mina "Rosario", de Truebano (Leon). Not. Com. Inst. Geol. Min. Esp., 16: 215-236.
31. Haas, H., 1975. Arthroxylon werdensis n. sp. - ein Calamit aus dem Namur C. des Ruhrkarbons mit vollständig erhaltenen Geweben. Arg. Palaeobot., 4: 139-154.
32. Hirmer, M., 1928. Über Vorkommen und Verbreitung der Dolomitknollen und deren Flora. C. R. 1st Congr. Stratigr. Carbonifère, Heerlen, 1927, pp. 289-312.
33. Hirmer, M., 1933. Zur Kenntnis der strukturbietenden Pflanzenreste des jüngeren Palaeozoikums. Palaeontographica B, 77: 121-140.
34. Holden, H.S., 1930. On the structure and affinities of Ankyropteris corrugata. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B, 218: 78-114.
35. Holmes, J.C., 1977. The Carboniferous fern Psalixochlaena cylindrica as found in Westphalian A coal balls from England. Part I. Structures and development of the cauline system. Palaeontographica B, 164: 33-75.
36. Holmes, J., 1979. Further observations on the coenopterid fern genus Rhahdoxylon. Ann. Bot., 44: 113-119.
37. Holmes, J., 1979. Foliar borne stems in Anachoropteris gilloti from the lower Westphalian of Belgium. Can. J. Bot., 57(14): 1518-1529.
38. Holmes, J., 1981. The Carboniferous fern Psalixochlaena cylindrica as found in Westphalian A coal balls from England. Part II. The frond and fertile parts. Palaeontographica B, 176: 147-173.
39. Holmes, J., 1981. Structure et évolution des Fougères coenopteridales (Anachoropteridaceae et Botryopteridaceae) du Carbonifère d'Europe. Contribution à l'histoire de la ramification des végétaux supérieurs. Thesis, Montpellier, 247 pp. (unpubl.).
40. Holmes, J., 1984. Morphology and evolution of Botryopteris, a Carboniferous age fern. Part IV. Branching patterns of the European species Botryopteris hirsuta and B. ramosa. Description of B. scottii sp. nov. Palaeontographica B, 191: 1-28.
41. Holmes, J., 1989. Anomalous branching patterns in some fossil Filicales: implications in the evolution of the megaphyll and the lateral branch, habit and growth pattern. Plant Syst. Evol., 165: 137-158.
42. Holmes, J.C. and Fairon-Demaret, M., 1984. A new look at the flora of the Bouxharmont coal balls from Belgium. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 107: 73-87.
43. Holmes, J. and Galtier, J., 1975. Ramification dichotomique et ramification latérale chez Psalixochlaena cylindrica, Fougère du Carbonifère moyen d'Angleterre. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris D, 280: 1071-1074.
44. Holmes, J. and Galtier, J., 1976. Twin shoots borne on a Botryopteris frond from the British Upper Carboniferous. Rev. Paleobot. Palynol., 22: 207-224.
45. Holmes, J. and Galtier, J., 1983. Morphology and evolution of Botryopteris, A Carboniferous age fern. Part III. Botryopteris dichotoma, a new Westphalian species from Belgium with observations on other species. Paleontographica B, 186: 1-17.
46. Holmes, J. and Scott, A.C., 1981. A note on the occurrence of marine animal remains in a Lancashire coal ball (Westphalian A). Geol. Mag., 118: 307-308.
47. Hooker, J.D. and Binney, E.W., 1855. On the structure of certain limestone nodules enclosed in seams of bituminous coal, with a description of some Trigonocarpons contained in them. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 145: 149-156.
48. Hoskins, J.H., 1926. Structure of Pennsylvanian plants from Illinois. I. Bot. Gaz., 82: 427-437.
49. Knoell, H., 1935. Zur Kenntnis der strukturbietenden Pflanzenreste des jüngeren Palaeozoikums. (Herausgegeben von Max Hirmer), Teil 4: Zur Systematik der Strukturbietenden Calamiten der Gattung Arthropitys Goeppert aus dem mittleren Oberkarbon Westdeutschlands und Englands. Palaeontographica B, 80: 1-51.
50. Koopmans, R.G., 1928. Researches on the flora of the coal balls from the "Finefrau-Nebenbank" horizon in the province of Limburg (The Netherlands). Geol. Bur. Ned. Mijngebied, Heerlen, 53 pp.
51. Koopmans, R.G., 1934. Researches on the flora of coal balls from the "Aegir" horizon in the province of Limburg (The Netherlands) Jaarverslag over 1933. Geol. Bur. Ned. Mijngebied, Heerlen, pp. 45-46.
52. Kubart, B., 19O8. Pflanzenversteinerungen enthaltende Knollen aus dem Ostrau-Kanviner Kohlenbecken. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. KL, 117: 573-578.
53. Kubart, B., 1910. Untersuchungen über die Flora des Ostrau-Karwiner Kohlenbeckens. I. Die spore von Spencerites membranaceus nov. spec. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.Naturwiss. Kl., 85: 83-89.
54. Kubart, B., 1911. Corda's Sphaerosiderite aus dem Steinkohlenbecken Radniz-Braz in Böhmen nebst Bemerkungen über Chorinopteris gleichenioides Corda. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 120: 1035-1048.
55. Kubart, B., 1914. Über die Cycadofilicineen Heterangium und Lyginodendron aus dem Ostrauer Kohlenbecken. Österr. Bot. Z, 64: 8-19.
56. Kubart, B., 1931. Untersuchungen über die Flora des Ostrau-Karwiner Kohlenbekens. II. Ein Lyginodendron-Stämmchen mit zwei Zuwachszonen. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.Naturwiss. Kl., 102: 369-372.
57. Kukuk, P., 1909. Über Torfdolomite in den Flözen der Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Steinkohlenablagerung. Glückauf, 45(32): 1137-1150.
58. Kukuk, P., 1938. Geologie des Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Steinkohlengebietes. Springer, Berlin, 706 pp.
59. Leclercq, S., 1925. Introduction à l'Etude anatomique des Végétaux houillers de Belgique: Les coal balls de la couche Bouxharmont des Charbonnages de Werister. Mém. Soc. Geol. Belg., 79 pp.
60. Leclercq, S., 1934. Les coal-balls et la formation des couches de houille qui les renferment. Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg. Bull., 58: 214-220.
61. Leclercq, S., 1952. Sur la présence de coal balls dans la couche Petit Buisson (Assise du Felnu) du bassin houiller de la Campine. C. R. 3rd Congr. Int. Stratigr. Carbonifère, Heerlen, 1951, 2: 397-400.
62. Leggewie, W. and Schonefeld, W., 1959. Die Steinkohlenflora der westlichen paralischen Steinkohlenreviere Deutschlands. II. Die Mesocalamiten der Sprockhöveler Schichten. Geol. Jahrb., Beih., 36: 60-90.
63. Leistikow, K.U., 1962. Die Wurzeln der Calamitaceae. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Tübingen, 67 pp.
64. Lemoigne, Y., 1961. Etudes analytiques et comparées des structures internes des Sigillaires. Masson, Paris, pp. 469-638.
65. Long, A.G., 1943. On the occurrence of buds on the leaves of Botryopteris hirsuta Will. Ann. Bot., N. S., VII(26): 133-146.
66. Long, A.G., 1944. On the prothallus of Lagenostoma ovoides Will. Ann. Bot., N. S., VIII(30-31): 105-117.
67. Long, A.G., 1976. Rowleya trifurcata gen. et sp. nov., a simple petrified vascular plant from the Lower Coal Measures (Westphalian A) of Lancashire. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburg, 69: 467-481.
68. Long, A.G., 1977. Observations on Carboniferous seeds of Mitrospermum, Conostoma and Lagenostoma. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburg, 70: 37-61.
69. Lyons, P.C., Cross, A.T., Gao, Z, Gillis, K., Calder, J.H., Zodrow, E.L. and Congdon, R.D., 1993. Discovery of in-situ carbonate petrifactions (Coal Balls) in the Foord Seam Westphalian C, Upper Carboniferous, Stellarton, Nova Scotia, Canada: Implications for origin of sulfur in the Foord Seam. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol., Eastern Section Meet., Williamsburg, VA (abstr.).
70. Mamay, S.H. and Yochelson, E.L., 1962. Occurrences and significance of marine animal remains in American coal balls. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap, 354-1: 193-224.
71. Noé, A.C., 1925. Coal balls here and abroad. Trans. 111. State Acad. Sci. (1924), 17: 179-18O.
72. Patteisky, K. and Perjatel, F., 1929. Die Torfdolomite vom 5. Jaklowetzer Flöz der Ostrauer Schichten. Z. Oberschles. Berg Hüttenmänn. Ver, 68(2): 73-75.
73. Pearson, H.L, 1986. Structure and taxonomy of the Carboniferous lycopsid Anabathra. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Geol.), 40: 265-292.
74. Phillips, T.L, 1980. Stratigraphie and geographic occurrences of permineralized coal-swamp plants-Upper Carboniferous of North America and Europe. In: D.L. Dilcher and T.N. Taylor (Editors), Biostratigraphy of Fossil Plants. Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, pp. 25-92.
75. Phillips, T.L, 1981. Stratigraphie occurrences and vegetational patterns of Pennsylvanian pteridosperms in Euramerican coal swamps. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol, 32: 5-26.
76. Phillips, T.L. and DiMichele, W.A, 1992. Comparative ecology and life-history biology of arborescent lycopsids in late carboniferous swamps of Euramerica. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard, 79: 560-588.
77. Phillips, T.L. and Peppers, R.A., 1984. Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence. Int. J. Coal Geol, 3: 205-255.
78. Phillips, T.L, Peppers, R.A, Avcin, M.J. and Laughnan, P.F, 1974. Fossil plants and coal: Patterns of change in Pennsylvanian coal swamps of the Illinois Basin. Science, 184: 1367-1369.
79. Phillips, T.L, Peppers, R.A. and DiMichele, W.A, 1985. Stratigraphic and interregional changes in Pennsylvanian coalswamp vegetation: Environmental inferences. Int. J. Coal Geol, 5: 43-109.
80. Renier, A, 1926a. Etude stratigraphique du Westphalien de la Belgique. C. R. 13th Congr. Geol. Int., Liège, 1922, 3: 1796-1841.
81. Renier, A, 1926b. Sur l'existence de coal balls dans le bassin houiller des Asturies. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 182.
82. Scott, A.C. and Rex, G, 1985. The formation and significance of Carboniferous coal balls. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 311: 123-137.
83. Scott, A.C., Galtier, J. and Clayton, G, 1984. Distribution of anatomically-preserved floras in the Lower Carboniferous in
84. Western Europe. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburg Earth Sci., 75: 311-340.
85. Scott, D.H., 1899. On the structure and affinities of fossil plants from the Palaeozoic rocks. III. On Medullosa anglica, a new representative of the Cycadofilices. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B, 191: 81-126.
86. Seward, A.C., 1893. On the genus Myeloxylon ( Brong.). Ann. Bot., 7: 1-20.
87. Snigirevskaya, N.S., 1958. Anatomical study of the remains of the leaves of some lycopods in coal balls of the Donbass basin. Bot. Zh. Leningrad, 43: 106-112 (in Russian).
88. Snigirevskaya, N.S., 1962. The morphology and systematics of the genus Botryopteris. Paleontol. Zh. 2: 122-132 (in Russian).
89. Snigirevskaya, N.S., 1964. An anatomical study of the plant remains from the Donets coal balls. 1. Lepidodendraceae. Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. 8, Paleobot., 5: 5-37 (in Russian).
90. Snigirevskaya, N.S., 1967. The remains of calamites and psaroniaceous ferns in coal balls of the Donets Basin. Tr. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. 8, Paleobot., 6: 7-25 (in Russian).
91. Snigirevskaya, N.S., 1972. Studies of coal balls of the Donets Basin. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 14: 197-204.
92. Snigirevskaya, N.S., Fisunenko, O.P., Ikonnikova, I.K., Kotlik, S.N. and Murashova, A.O., 1977. On the first discovery of Litostrobus in coal balls of the Carboniferous in the Donets Basin. Geol. Zh. (Kiev), 37: 140-147 (in Russian).
93. Slopes, M.C. and Watson, D.M.S, 1908. On the present distribution and origin of the calcareous concretions in coal seams, known as coal balls. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B, 200: 167-218.
94. Stur, D., 1885. Über die in Flötzen reiner Steinkohle enthaltenen Stein-Rundmassen und Torf-Sphärosiderite. Jahr. K.K. Geol. Reichanst. Wien, 35: 613-648.
95. Teichmüller, M. and Schonefeld, W., 1955. Ein verkieselter Karbontorf im Namur C von Kupferdreh. Geol. Jahrb., 71: 91-111.
96. Williamson, W.C., 1871. On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures. Part I. Calamites. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 161: 477-510.
97. Zalessky, M.D., 1910a. On the discovery of the calcareous concretions known as coal balls in one of the coal seams of the Carboniferous strata of the Donets basin. Mem. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersburg, 6: 477-480.
98. Zalessky, M.D., 1910b. On Donets calcareous concretions coal balls in coal seams. Izv. Obscht. Issl. Prir. Orlovsk. Gub., 2: 71-77 (in Russian).