Autonomic dysfunction in cirrhosis and portal hypertension

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 437-447

  Dumcke, Christine Winkler ^a   Møller, Søren ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b HVIDOVRE HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Autonomic dysfunction; Cardiac and vascular dysfunction; Cirrhosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; AMINE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; PEPTIDE;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ARTERY COMPLIANCE; AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BLOOD VESSEL REACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM EXAMINATION; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; CIRCULATION; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; HAND GRIP; HEART DISEASE; HEART FAILURE; HEART RATE; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HYPERPNEA; ISCHEMIA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MORTALITY; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PRESSORECEPTOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STANDING; VALSALVA MANEUVER; VASODILATATION;

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, PORTAL; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS;

EID: 52949105293     PISSN: 00365513     EISSN: 15027686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00365510701813096     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Iga A, Nomura M, Sawada Y, Ito S, Nakaya Y. Autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy and spectrum analysis of heart-rate variability. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;18:651-9.
2. Hendrickse MT, Triger DR. Autonomic dysfunction in chronic liver disease. Clin Auton Res 1993;3:227-31.
3. Chaudhry V, Corse AM, O'Brian R, Cornblath DR, Klein AS, Thuluvath PJ. Autonomic and peripheral (sensorimotor) neuropathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical and electrophysiologic study. Hepatology 1999;29:1698-703.
4. Moller S, Henriksen JH. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: a pathophysiological review of circulatory dysfunction in liver disease. Heart 2002;87:9-15.
5. Trevisani F, Sica G, Bernardi M. Autonomic neuropathy in advanced liver disease. Hepatology 1996;24:1549.
6. Gumurdulu Y, Yapar Z, Canataroglu A, Serin E, Gumurdulu D, Kibar M, et al. Gastric emptying time and the effect of cisapride in cirrhotic patients with autonomic neuropathy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003;36:175-8.
7. Fleckenstein JF, Frank S, Thuluvath PJ. Presence of autonomic neuropathy is a poor prognostic indicator in patients with advanced liver disease. Hepatology 1996;23:471-5.
8. Frokjaer VG, Strauss GI, Mehlsen J, Knudsen GM, Rasmussen V, Larsen FS. Autonomic dysfunction and impaired cerebral autoregulation in cirrhosis. Clin Auton Res 2006;16:208-16.
9. Lagi A, La VG, Barletta G, Cencetti S, Bacalli S, Cipriani M, et al. Cerebral autoregulation in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A transcranial Doppler study. J Hepatol 1997;27:114-20.
10. Strauss GI, Hansen BA, Herzog T, Larsen FS. Cerebral autoregulation in patients with end-stage liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;12:767-71.
11. Hendrickse MT, Thuluvath PJ, Triger DR. Natural history of autonomic neuropathy in chronic liver disease. Lancet 1992;339:1462-4.
12. Mohamed R, Forsey PR, Davies MK, Neuberger JM. Effect of liver transplantation on QT interval prolongation and autonomic dysfunction in end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 1996;23:1128-34.
13. Perez-Pena J, Rincon D, Banares R, Olmedilla L, Garutti I, Grigorov I, et al. Autonomic neuropathy in end-stage cirrhotic patients and evolution after liver transplantation. Transpl Proc 2003;35:1834-5.
14. Furness JB. The organisation of the autonomic nervous system: peripheral connections. Auton Neurosci 2006;130:1-5.
15. Ropper AH, Brown RH. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system, respiration, and swallowing. In: Ropper AH, Brown RH, editors. Adams and Victor's principles of neurology, 8th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.
16. Low PA. Autonomic nervous system function. J Clin Neurophysiol 1993;10:14-27.
17. Dillon JF, Plevris JN, Nolan J, Ewing DJ, Neilson JM, Bouchier IA, et al. Autonomic function in cirrhosis assessed by cardiovascular reflex tests and 24-hour heart rate variability. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1544-7.
18. Hendrickse MT, Triger DR. Peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic impairment in chronic liver disease: prevalence and relation to hepatic function. J Hepatol 1992;16:177-83.
19. Ewing DJ, Clarke BF. Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:916-18.
20. Oliver MI, Miralles R, Rubies-Prat J, Navarro X, Espadaler JM, Sola R, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease. J Hepatol 1997;26:1242-8.
21. Newton JL, Davidson A, Kerr S, Bhala N, Pairman J, Burt J, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis correlates with fatigue severity. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:125-32.
22. Dillon JF, Nolan J, Thomas H, Williams BC, Neilson JM, Bouchier IA, et al. The correction of autonomic dysfunction in cirrhosis by captopril. J Hepatol 1997;26:331-5.
23. Laffi G, Lagi A, Cipriani M, Barletta G, Bernardi L, Fattorini L, et al. Impaired cardiovascular autonomic response to passive tilting in cirrhosis with ascites. Hepatology 1996;24:1063-7.
24. Fleisher LA, Fleckenstein JF, Frank SM, Thuluvath PJ. Heart rate variability as a predictor of autonomic dysfunction in patients awaiting liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:340-4.
25. Ates F, Topal E, Kosar F, Karincaoglu M, Yildirim B, Aksoy Y, et al. The relationship of heart rate variability with severity and prognosis of cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2006;51:1614-18.
26. Gentile S, Marmo R, Peduto A, Montella F, Coltorti M. Autonomic neuropathy in liver cirrhosis: relationship with alcoholic aetiology and severity of the disease. Ital J Gastroenterol 1994;26:53-8.
27. Decaux G, Cauchie P, Soupart A, Kruger M, Delwiche F. Role of vagal neuropathy in the hyponatraemia of alcoholic cirrhosis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986;293:1534-6.
28. Kempler P, Varadi A, Szalay F, Oravecz L, Kadar E, Kiss E. [Autonomic neuropathy in chronic liver diseases]. Gastroenterol J 1990;50:187-9.
29. Hendrickse MT, Triger DR. Autonomic and peripheral neuropathy in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1993;19:401-7.
30. Thuluvath PJ, Triger DR. Autonomic neuropathy and chronic liver disease. Q J Med 1989;72:737-47.
31. Macgilchrist AJ, Reid JL. Impairment of autonomic reflexes in cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1990;85:288-92.
32. Barter F, Tanner AR. Autonomic neuropathy in an alcoholic population. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:1033-6.
33. Pfeifer MA, Weinberg CR, Cook DL, Reenan A, Halar E, Halter JB, et al. Correlations among autonomic, sensory, and motor neural function tests in untreated non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals. Diabetes Care 1985;8:576-84.
34. Bernardi M, Di MC, Trevisani F, Fornale L, Andreone P, Cursaro C, et al. Renal sodium retention during upright posture in preascitic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1993;105:188-93.
35. McCullough AJ, Mullen KD, Kalhan SC. Measurements of total body and extracellular water in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites. Hepatology 1991;14:1102-11.
36. Iwao T, Toyonaga A, Sato M, Oho K, Sakai T, Tayama C, et al. Effect of posture-induced blood volume expansion on systemic and regional hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1997;27:484-91.
37. Heine GH, Sester U, Kohler H. [Volume retention in heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and liver cirrhosis.]. Internist (Berl) 2006;47:1136-44.
38. Wiest R, Jurzik L, Herold T, Straub RH, Scholmerich J. Role of NPY for vasoregulation in the splanchnic circulation during portal hypertension. Peptides 2007;28:396-404.
39. Moller S, Henriksen JH. The systemic circulation in cirrhosis. In: Gines P, Arroyo V, Rodes J, Schrier RW, editors. Ascites and renal dysfunction in liver disease, 2nd edn. Malden: Blackwell. pp 139-55.
40. Niederberger M, Gines P, Martin PY, Tsai P, Morris K, McMurtry I, et al. Comparison of vascular nitric oxide production and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhosis versus prehepatic portal hypertension in rats. Hepatology 1996;24:947-51.
41. Rockey DC, Chung JJ. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide during hepatic injury and fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol 1997;273:G124-30.
42. Guarner C, Soriano G, Tomas A, Bulbena O, Novella MT, Balanzo J, et al. Increased serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: relationship to endotoxemia. Hepatology 1993;18:1139-43.
43. Laffi G, Foschi M, Masini E, Simoni A, Mugnai L, La VG, et al. Increased production of nitric oxide by neutrophils and monocytes from cirrhotic patients with ascites and hyperdynamic circulation. Hepatology 1995;22:1666-73.
44. Rasaratnam B, Connelly N, Chin-Dusting J. Nitric oxide and the hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis: is there a role for selective intestinal decontamination? Clin Sci (Lond) 2004;107:425-34.
45. Blei AT. The pathophysiology of brain edema in acute liver failure. Neurochem Int 2005;47:71-7.
46. Arguedas MR, Abrams GA, Krowka MJ, Fallon MB. Prospective evaluation of outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation. Hepatology 2003;37:192-7.
47. Munoz J, Albillos A, Perez-Paramo M, Rossi I, Varez-Mon M. Factors mediating the hemodynamic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in portal hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1999;276:G687-93.
48. Iwakiri Y, Groszmann RJ. The hyperdynamic circulation of chronic liver diseases: from the patient to the molecule. Hepatology 2006;43:S121-31.
49. Wagner JA, Varga K, Ellis EF, Rzigalinski BA, Martin BR, Kunos G. Activation of peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptors in haemorrhagic shock. Nature 1997;390:518-21.
50. Batkai S, Jarai Z, Wagner JA, Goparaju SK, Varga K, Liu J, et al. Endocannabinoids acting at vascular CB1 receptors mediate the vasodilated state in advanced liver cirrhosis. Nat Med 2001;7:827-32.
51. Ros J, Claria J, To-Figueras J, Planaguma A, Cejudo-Martin P, Fernandez-Varo G, et al. Endogenous cannabinoids: a new system involved in the homeostasis of arterial pressure in experimental cirrhosis in the rat. Gastroenterology 2002;122:85-93.
52. Chu CJ, Lee FY, Chang FY, Wang SS, Lin HC, Wu SL, et al. Hyperdynamic circulation in prehepatic portal hypertension: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1997;59:145-50.
53. Yang YY, Lin HC, Huang YT, Lee TY, Lee WC, Hou MC, et al. Adaptive vasodilatory response after octreotide treatment. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001;281:G117-23.
54. Hosoki R, Matsuki N, Kimura H. The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous smooth muscle relaxant in synergy with nitric oxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;237:527-31.
55. Zhao W, Wang R. H(2)S-induced vasorelaxation and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002;283:H474-80.
56. Cheng Y, Ndisang JF, Tang G, Cao K, Wang R. Hydrogen sulfide-induced relaxation of resistance mesenteric artery beds of rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004;287:H2316-23.
57. Iwakiri Y, Groszmann RJ. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2007;46:927-34.
58. Bendtsen F, Schifter S, Henriksen JH. Increased circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1991;12:118-23.
59. Gupta S, Morgan TR, Gordan GS. Calcitonin gene-related peptide in hepatorenal syndrome. A possible mediator of peripheral vasodilation? J Clin Gastroenterol 1992;14:122-6.
60. Schrier RW, Niederberger M, Weigert A, Gines P. Peripheral arterial vasodilatation: determinant of functional spectrum of cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 1994;14:14-22.
61. Sieber CC, Lopez-Talavera JC, Groszmann RJ. Role of nitric oxide in the in vitro splanchnic vascular hyporeactivity in ascitic cirrhotic rats. Gastroenterology 1993;104:1750-4.
62. Sogni P, Sabry S, Moreau R, Gadano A, Lebrec D, nh-Xuan AT. Hyporeactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries in portal hypertensive rats. J Hepatol 1996;24:487-90.
63. Bernardi M, Trevisani F, Santini C, Zoli G, Baraldini M, Ligabue A, et al. Plasma norepinephrine, weak neurotransmitters, and renin activity during active tilting in liver cirrhosis: relationship with cardiovascular homeostasis and renal function. Hepatology 1983;3:56-64.
64. Jimenez W, Rodes J. Impaired responsiveness to endogenous vasoconstrictors and endothelium-derived vasoactive factors in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1201-3.
65. Salo J, Gines A, Quer JC, Fernandez-Esparrach G, Guevara M, Gines P, et al. Renal and neurohormonal changes following simultaneous administration of systemic vasoconstrictors and dopamine or prostacyclin in cirrhotic patients with hepatorenal syndrome. J Hepatol 1996;25:916-23.
66. Lee SS, Sharkey KA. Capsaicin treatment blocks development of hyperkinetic circulation in portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats. Am J Physiol 1993;264:G868-73.
67. Mailman D. A role for abdominal vagal afferents in lipopolysaccharide- induced hypotension. Shock 2002;18:177-81.
68. Henriksen JH, Moller S, Schifter S, Abrahamsen J, Becker U. High arterial compliance in cirrhosis is related to low adrenaline and elevated circulating calcitonin gene related peptide but not to activated vasoconstrictor systems. Gut 2001;49:112-18.
69. Henriksen JH, Fuglsang S, Bendtsen F, Christensen E, Moller S. Arterial compliance in patients with cirrhosis: stroke volume-pulse pressure ratio as simplified index. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001;280:G584-94.
70. Rowell LB. Human cardiovascular control. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993.
71. Moller S, Wiinberg N, Hernriksen JH. Noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory arterial blood pressure monitoring in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1995;22:88-95.
72. Moller S, Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F. Central and noncentral blood volumes in cirrhosis: relationship to anthropometrics and gender. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003;284:G970-9.
73. Moller S, Norgaard A, Henriksen JH, Frandsen E, Bendtsen F. Effects of tilting on central hemodynamics and homeostatic mechanisms in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2004;40:811-19.
74. Dudley FJ, Esler MD. The sympathetic nervous system in cirrhosis. In: Gines P, Arroyo V, Rodes J, Schrier RW, editors. Ascites and renal dysfunction in liver disease. Malden: Blackwell; 2005. pp 54-72.
75. Moller S, Iversen JS, Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F. Reduced baroreflex sensitivity in alcoholic cirrhosis: relations to hemodynamics and humoral systems. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;292:H2966-72.
76. La VG, Barletta G, Romanelli RG, Laffi G, Del BR, Vizzutti F, et al. Cardiovascular effects of canrenone in patients with preascitic cirrhosis. Hepatology 2002;35:1441-8.
77. Struthers AD. Aldosterone blockade in cardiovascular disease. Heart 2004;90:1229-34.
78. Wong F, Liu P, Lilly L, Bomzon A, Blendis L. Role of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in the pathogenesis of hyperdynamic circulation and renal sodium retention in cirrhosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1999;97:259-67.
79. Moller S, Henriksen JH. Cardiovascular dysfunction in cirrhosis. Pathophysiological evidence of a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:785-94.
80. Liu H, Song D, Lee SS. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2002;26:842-7.
81. Pateron D, Beyne P, Laperche T, Logeard D, Lefilliatre P, Sogni P, et al. Elevated circulating cardiac troponin I in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999;29:640-3.
82. Mohamed R, Forsey PR, Davies MK, Neuberger JM. Effect of liver transplantation on QT interval prolongation and autonomic dysfunction in end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 1996;23:1128-34.
83. Moller S, Krag A, Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F. Pathophysiological aspects of pulmonary complications of cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007;42:419-27.
84. Moller S, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH. Vasoactive substances in the circulatory dysfunction of cirrhosis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2001;61:421-9.
85. La VG, Laffi G, Gentilini P. Atrial natriuretic peptide and other natriuretic factors in cirrhosis. In: Arroyo V, Gines P, Rodes J, Schrier RW, editors. Ascites and renal dysfunction in liver disease. Malden: Blackwell. pp 231-48.