The use of phonological, orthographic, and contextual information during reading: A comparison of adults who are learning to read and skilled adult readers

Reading and Writing

Volumn 21, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 843-858

  Binder, Katherine ^a   Borecki, Caren ^a  

^a MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adult basic education; Phonological codes in reading; Phonology, orthography, and context; Skilled and less skilled readers

Indexed keywords

EID: 52649161256     PISSN: 09224777     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11145-007-9099-1     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Adams, M. J. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge: MIT Press.
2. J. Ashby K. Rayner C. J. Clifton 2005 Eye movements of highly skilled and average readers: Differential effects of frequency and predictability Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 58A 1065 1086
3. Balota, D. A., Paul, S. P., & Spieler, D. (1999). Attentional control of lexical processing pathways during word recognition and reading. In S. Garrod & M. J. Pickering (Eds.), Language processing (pp. 15-57). Hove: Psychology Press.
4. L. C. Bell C. A. Perfetti 1994 Reading skill: Some adult comparisons Journal of Educational Psychology 86 2 244 255
5. Blalock, W. J. (1981). Persistent problems and concerns of young adults with learning disabilities. In W. M. Cruickshank & A. A. Silver (Eds.), Bridges to tomorrow: The best of ACDL (pp. 35-55). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
6. J. R. Booth C. A. Perfetti B. MacWhinney 1999 Quick, automatic, and general activation of orthographic and phonological representations in young readers Developmental Psychology 35 1 3 19
7. Brady, A., & Shankweiler, A. (Eds.) (1991). Phonological processes in literacy. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
8. R. C. Calfee P. Lindamood C. Lindamood 1973 Acoustic-phonetic skills and reading: Kindergarten through twelfth grade Journal of Educational Psychology 64 3 293 298
9. K. H. Chace K. Rayner A. D. Well 2005 Eye movements and phonological parafoveal preview: Effects of reading skill Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 59 209 217
10. CTB McGraw Hill. (1994). Test of adult basic education. Monterey.
11. A. E. Cunningham K. E. Perry K. E. Stanovich 2001 Converging evidence for the concept of orthographic processing Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 14 549 568
12. M. Daneman E. Reingold 1993 What eye fixations tell us about phonological recoding during reading Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 47 153 178
13. M. Daneman E. Reingold M. Davidson 1995 Time course of phonological activation during reading: Evidence from eye fixations Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 21 884 898
14. J. R. Folk R. K. Morris 1995 Multiple lexical codes in reading: Evidence from eye movements, naming time, and oral reading Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 21 1412 1429
15. R. Frost 1998 Towards a strong phonological theory of visual word recognition: True issues and false trails Psychological Bulletin 123 71 99
16. Gough, P. B., Alford, J. A., Holley-Wicox, P. (1981). Words and contexts. In O. L. Tzeng & H. Singer (Eds.) Perception of print: Reading research in experimental psychology. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
17. Gough, P. B., Ehri, L., & Treiman, R. (Eds.), (1992). Reading acquisition. Hillsday: Erlbaum Associates.
18. D. Greenberg L. C. Ehri D. Perin 2002 Do adult literacy students make the same word-reading and spelling errors as children matched for word-reading age? Scientific Studies of Reading 6 3 221 243
19. Y. L. Lee K. S. Binder J. O. Kim A. Pollatsek K. Rayner 1999 Activation of phonological codes during eye fixations in reading Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 25 948 964
20. I. Y. Liberman A. M. Liberman 1990 Whole language versus code emphasis: Underlying assumptions and their implications for reading instruction Annals of Dyslexia 40 51 71
21. National Adult Literacy Survey. (2003). [On-line]. Educational testing service for The US Department of Education. Available: http://www.nces.ed.gov/ naal/
22. K. Nation M. J. Snowling 1998 Individual differences in contextual facilitation: Evidence from dyslexia and poor reading comprehension Child Development 69 996 1011
23. R. L. Majeres 2005 Phonological and orthographic coding skills in adult readers The Journal of General Psychology 132 267 280
24. Perfetti, C. A. (1985). Reading ability. New York: Oxford University Press.
25. C. A. Perfetti S. R. Goldman T. W. Hogaboam 1979 Reading skill and the identification of words in discourse context Memory and Cognition 7 273 282
26. A. Pollatsek M. Lesch R. K. Morris K. Rayner 1992 Phonological codes are used in integrating information across saccades in word identification and reading Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18 148 162
27. A. C. Pratt S. Brady 1988 Relation of phonological awareness to reading disability in children and adults Journal of Educational Psychology 80 319 323
28. K. Rayner A. Pollatsek K. S. Binder 1998 Phonological codes and eye movements in reading Journal of experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 24 2 476 497
29. K. Rayner S. C. Sereno M. F. Lesch A. Pollatsek 1995 Phonological codes are automatically activated during reading: Evidence from an eye movement priming paradigm Psychological Science 6 26 30
30. C. Read L. Ruyter 1985 Reading and spelling skills in adults of low literacy Remedial and Special Education 6 43 52
31. F. M. Schwantes 1985 Expectancy, integration, and international processes - age-differences in the nature of words affected by sentence context Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 39 212 229
32. F. M. Schwantes S. L. Bosels E. G. Ritz 1980 Children's use of context in word recognition: A psycholinguistic guessing game Child Development 51 730 736
33. M. A. Snowling 1995 Phonological processing and developmental dyslexia Journal of Reading Research 18 132 138
34. K. E. Stanovich 1988 Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and the garden-variety poor reader: The phonological-core variable-difference model Journal of Learning Disabilities 21 590 612
35. K. E. Stanovich R. G. Nathan R. F. West M. Valarossi 1985 Children's word recognition in context: Spreading activation, expectancy, and modularity Child Development 56 1418 1418
36. K. E. Stanovich R. F. West 1983 On priming by a sentence context Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 112 1 36
37. K. E. Stanovich R. F. West D. J. Feeman 1981 A longitudinal study of sentence context effects in second-grade children: Tests of an interactive-compensatory model Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 32 185 199
38. A. C. Thompkins K. S. Binder 2003 A comparison of the factors affecting reading performance of functionally illiterate adults and children matched by reading level Reading Research Quarterly 38 236 258
39. G. C. Van Orden 1987 A ROWS is a ROSE: Spelling, sound and reading Memory & Cognition 15 181 198
40. R. F. West K. E. Stanovich 1978 Automatic contextual facilitations in readers of three ages Child Development 49 717 727
41. R. F. West K. E. Stanovich D. J. Feeman A. E. Cunningham 1983 The effects of sentence context on word recognition in second- and sixth-grade children Reading Research Quarterly 19 6 15
42. S. J. Unsworth P. M. Pexman 2003 The impact of reader skill on phonological processing in visual word recognition The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 56 63 81