메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 374-383

Antihypertensive treatment and stroke prevention in patients with and without chronic kidney disease: A review of controlled trials

Author keywords

ACE inhibitors; Cardiovascular disease; Chronic kidney disease; Diuretics; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN II ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN; CAPTOPRIL; CHLORTALIDONE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; EPROSARTAN; INDAPAMIDE; IRBESARTAN; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; METOPROLOL; NITRENDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; TELMISARTAN; TRANDOLAPRIL; VALSARTAN;

EID: 52049089966     PISSN: 11218428     EISSN: 17246059     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 57349092410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foundation for the Education and Research in Neurological Emergencies FERNE, Available at:, Accessed March 18, 2008
    • Garcia-Castrillo L. Stroke care in Europe: emergency medicine role. Foundation for the Education and Research in Neurological Emergencies (FERNE). Available at: http://www.uic.edu/com/ferne/pdf/aaem2003/ reisgostrokeaaem0903.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2008.
    • Stroke care in Europe: Emergency medicine role
    • Garcia-Castrillo, L.1
  • 2
    • 33644849222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2006;113:e85-e151.
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2006;113:e85-e151.
  • 3
    • 0038458694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease, anemia, and incident stroke in a middle-aged, community-based population: The ARIC Study
    • Abramson JL, Jurkovitz CT, Vaccarino V, Weintraub WS, McClellan W. Chronic kidney disease, anemia, and incident stroke in a middle-aged, community-based population: the ARIC Study. Kidney Int. 2003;64:610-615.
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.64 , pp. 610-615
    • Abramson, J.L.1    Jurkovitz, C.T.2    Vaccarino, V.3    Weintraub, W.S.4    McClellan, W.5
  • 4
    • 33747052045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal dysfunction and risk of ischemic stroke or TIA in patients with cardiovascular disease
    • Koren-Morag N, Goldbourt U, Tanne D. Renal dysfunction and risk of ischemic stroke or TIA in patients with cardiovascular disease. Neurology. 2006;67:224-228.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 224-228
    • Koren-Morag, N.1    Goldbourt, U.2    Tanne, D.3
  • 5
    • 33645516595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships of proteinuria, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate with cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese general population
    • Irie F, Iso H, Sairenchi T, et al. The relationships of proteinuria, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate with cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese general population. Kidney Int. 2006;69:1264-1271.
    • (2006) Kidney Int , vol.69 , pp. 1264-1271
    • Irie, F.1    Iso, H.2    Sairenchi, T.3
  • 6
    • 0030969796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum creatinine concentration and risk of cardiovascular disease: A possible marker of increased risk of stroke
    • Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Perry IJ. Serum creatinine concentration and risk of cardiovascular disease: a possible marker of increased risk of stroke. Stroke. 1997;28:557-563.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 557-563
    • Wannamethee, S.G.1    Shaper, A.G.2    Perry, I.J.3
  • 7
    • 0035050346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of serum creatinine and uric acid in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • Wang JG, Staessen JA, Fagard RH, Birkenhager WH, Gong L, Liu L. Prognostic significance of serum creatinine and uric acid in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2001;37:1069-1074.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.37 , pp. 1069-1074
    • Wang, J.G.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Fagard, R.H.3    Birkenhager, W.H.4    Gong, L.5    Liu, L.6
  • 8
    • 0344631725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M. Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Stroke. 1999;30:1787-1791.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 1787-1791
    • Guerrero-Romero, F.1    Rodriguez-Moran, M.2
  • 9
    • 33646138955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria and risk for stroke and coronary heart disease during 27 years of follow-up. The Honolulu Heart Program
    • Madison JR, Spies C, Schatz IJ, et al. Proteinuria and risk for stroke and coronary heart disease during 27 years of follow-up. The Honolulu Heart Program. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:884-889.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 884-889
    • Madison, J.R.1    Spies, C.2    Schatz, I.J.3
  • 10
    • 3042677631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate renal impairment and risk of dementia among older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
    • Seliger SL, Siscovick DS, Stehman-Breen CO, et al. Moderate renal impairment and risk of dementia among older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:1904-1911.
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 1904-1911
    • Seliger, S.L.1    Siscovick, D.S.2    Stehman-Breen, C.O.3
  • 11
    • 20544467918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999
    • Foley RN, Murray AM, Li S, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:489-495.
    • (2005) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.16 , pp. 489-495
    • Foley, R.N.1    Murray, A.M.2    Li, S.3
  • 12
    • 33748895492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underrepresentation of renal disease in randomized controlled trials of cardiovascular disease
    • Coca SG, Krumholz HM, Garg AX, Parikh CR. Underrepresentation of renal disease in randomized controlled trials of cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2006;296:1377-1384.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1377-1384
    • Coca, S.G.1    Krumholz, H.M.2    Garg, A.X.3    Parikh, C.R.4
  • 13
    • 28444438873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose atorvastatin in severe chronic kidney disease patients: A randomized, controlled endpoint study
    • for the Nediat study group
    • Stegmayr BG, Brännström M, Bucht S, et al; for the Nediat study group. Low-dose atorvastatin in severe chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized, controlled endpoint study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2005;39:489-497.
    • (2005) Scand J Urol Nephrol , vol.39 , pp. 489-497
    • Stegmayr, B.G.1    Brännström, M.2    Bucht, S.3
  • 14
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903-1913.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1903-1913
  • 15
    • 23244461387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention
    • Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Angeli F, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention. Hypertension. 2005;46:386-392.
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.46 , pp. 386-392
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Reboldi, G.2    Angeli, F.3
  • 16
    • 1442274760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and stroke: An overview of published reviews
    • Lawes CMM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke. 2004;35:1024-1033.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1024-1033
    • Lawes, C.M.M.1    Bennett, D.A.2    Feigin, V.L.3    Rodgers, A.4
  • 17
    • 22544437310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular prevention: An update including the 2003-2004 secondary prevention trials
    • Staessen JA, Li Y, Thijs L, Wang J-G. Blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular prevention: an update including the 2003-2004 secondary prevention trials. Hypertens Res. 2005;28:385-407.
    • (2005) Hypertens Res , vol.28 , pp. 385-407
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Li, Y.2    Thijs, L.3    Wang, J.-G.4
  • 18
    • 0242654867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: Results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials
    • Turnbull F; Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet. 2003;362:1527-1535.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1527-1535
    • Turnbull, F.1
  • 19
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation study investigators
    • Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145-153.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 145-153
    • Yusuf, S.1    Sleight, P.2    Pogue, J.3    Bosch, J.4    Davies, R.5    Dagenais, G.6
  • 20
    • 0042330455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fox KM; EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial the EUROPA study, Lancet. 2003;362:782-788
    • Fox KM; EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet. 2003;362:782-788.
  • 21
    • 0035968623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet. 2001;358:1033-1041.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1033-1041
  • 22
    • 0028811682 scopus 로고
    • Post-stroke Antihypertensive Study
    • PATS collaborating group
    • PATS collaborating group. Post-stroke Antihypertensive Study. Chin Med J. 1995;108:710-717.
    • (1995) Chin Med J , vol.108 , pp. 710-717
  • 23
    • 17044440752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures: HOPE substudy
    • Svensson P, de Faire U, Sleight P, Yusuf S, Östergren J. Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures: HOPE substudy. Hypertension. 2001;38:28-32.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.38 , pp. 28-32
    • Svensson, P.1    de Faire, U.2    Sleight, P.3    Yusuf, S.4    Östergren, J.5
  • 24
    • 33845213290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in circadian variation of cerebral infarction, intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage by situation at onset
    • Omama S, Yoshida Y, Ogawa A, Onoda T, Okayama A. Differences in circadian variation of cerebral infarction, intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage by situation at onset. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77:1345-1349.
    • (2006) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. 1345-1349
    • Omama, S.1    Yoshida, Y.2    Ogawa, A.3    Onoda, T.4    Okayama, A.5
  • 25
    • 7644225896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provision of cardiovascular protection by ACE inhibitors: A review of recent trials
    • Bertrand ME. Provision of cardiovascular protection by ACE inhibitors: a review of recent trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20:1559-1569.
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , pp. 1559-1569
    • Bertrand, M.E.1
  • 26
    • 0035916235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ramipril and vitamin E on atherosclerosis: The Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound Changes in Patients Treated with Ramipril and Vitamin E (SECURE)
    • Lonn EM, Yusuf S, Dzavik V, et al. Effects of ramipril and vitamin E on atherosclerosis: the Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound Changes in Patients Treated with Ramipril and Vitamin E (SECURE). Circulation. 2001;103:919-925.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 919-925
    • Lonn, E.M.1    Yusuf, S.2    Dzavik, V.3
  • 27
    • 0036197261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-adjusted stroke incidence increase: Could angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists enhance stroke prevention?
    • Fournier A, Oprisiu R, Andrejak M, Godefroy O, Rosa A, Achard J-M. Age-adjusted stroke incidence increase: could angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists enhance stroke prevention? Stroke. 2002;33:881-882.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 881-882
    • Fournier, A.1    Oprisiu, R.2    Andrejak, M.3    Godefroy, O.4    Rosa, A.5    Achard, J.-M.6
  • 28
    • 4444236607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly study group. Stroke prevention with the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension: The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE)
    • Papademetriou V, Farsang C, Elmfeldt D, et al; Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly study group. Stroke prevention with the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension: the Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:1175-1180.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 1175-1180
    • Papademetriou, V.1    Farsang, C.2    Elmfeldt, D.3
  • 29
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomized trial against atenolol
    • for the LIFE study group
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al; for the LIFE study group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359:995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 30
    • 20444427156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention: Principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES)
    • for the MOSES study group
    • Schrader J, Lüders S, Kulschewski A, et al; for the MOSES study group. Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke. 2005;36:1218-1226.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 1218-1226
    • Schrader, J.1    Lüders, S.2    Kulschewski, A.3
  • 31
    • 2942635317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine the VALUE randomised trial
    • for the VALUE trial group
    • Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al; for the VALUE trial group. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet. 2004;363:2022-2031.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 2022-2031
    • Julius, S.1    Kjeldsen, S.E.2    Weber, M.3
  • 32
    • 57349113011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect comparison by a common comparator of angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (AT1RB) with ACE inhibitor (ACEI) in stroke prevention
    • Oprisiu R, Serot J-M, Shahapuni I, Mansour J, Boutitie F, Fournier A. Indirect comparison by a common comparator of angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (AT1RB) with ACE inhibitor (ACEI) in stroke prevention. Int J Stroke. 2006;1(suppl 1):3-46.
    • (2006) Int J Stroke , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 3-46
    • Oprisiu, R.1    Serot, J.-M.2    Shahapuni, I.3    Mansour, J.4    Boutitie, F.5    Fournier, A.6
  • 33
    • 0032511601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. BMJ. 1998;317:713-720.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 713-720
  • 34
    • 33747767282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers may increase risk of myocardial infarction: Unraveling the ARBMI paradox
    • Strauss MH, Hall AS. Angiotensin receptor blockers may increase risk of myocardial infarction: unraveling the ARBMI paradox. Circulation. 2006;114:838-854.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 838-854
    • Strauss, M.H.1    Hall, A.S.2
  • 35
    • 1942484955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebroprotection mediated by angiotensin II: A hypothesis supported by recent randomized clinical trials
    • Fournier A, Messerli FH, Achard JM, Fernandez L. Cerebroprotection mediated by angiotensin II: a hypothesis supported by recent randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1343-1347.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1343-1347
    • Fournier, A.1    Messerli, F.H.2    Achard, J.M.3    Fernandez, L.4
  • 36
    • 0343081034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of treating isolated systolic hypertension on the risk of developing various types and subtypes of stroke: The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
    • Perry HM Jr, Davis BR, Price TR, et al. Effect of treating isolated systolic hypertension on the risk of developing various types and subtypes of stroke: the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA. 2000;284:465-471.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 465-471
    • Perry Jr, H.M.1    Davis, B.R.2    Price, T.R.3
  • 37
    • 3142740224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of 2 large, simple, randomized trials evaluating telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination in high-risk patients: The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (ONTARGET/TRANSCEND) trials
    • ONTARGET/TRANSCEND Investigators.
    • Teo K, Yusuf S, Sleight P, et al; ONTARGET/TRANSCEND Investigators. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of 2 large, simple, randomized trials evaluating telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination in high-risk patients: the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (ONTARGET/TRANSCEND) trials. Am Heart J. 2004;148:52-61.
    • (2004) Am Heart J , vol.148 , pp. 52-61
    • Teo, K.1    Yusuf, S.2    Sleight, P.3
  • 38
    • 0031861208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diuretic-based treatment and cardiovascular events in patients with mild renal dysfunction enrolled in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
    • Pahor M, Shorr RI, Somes GW, et al. Diuretic-based treatment and cardiovascular events in patients with mild renal dysfunction enrolled in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1340-1345.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 1340-1345
    • Pahor, M.1    Shorr, R.I.2    Somes, G.W.3
  • 39
    • 57349145231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in the risks of vascular events and stroke in patients with and without chronic kidney disease: New data from the PROGRESS trial [abstract]
    • Melbourne, Australia, 14-19 August 2006. Available at:, Accessed March 18, 2008
    • Perkovic V, Algert C, Arima H, et al. Reductions in the risks of vascular events and stroke in patients with and without chronic kidney disease: new data from the PROGRESS trial [abstract]. Australia and New Zealand Society of Nephrology and Renal Society of Australasia 2006 annual scientific conference, Melbourne, Australia, 14-19 August 2006. Available at: http://www.icms.com.au/anzsn2006/abstract/193.htm. Accessed March 18, 2008.
    • Australia and New Zealand Society of Nephrology and Renal Society of Australasia 2006 annual scientific conference
    • Perkovic, V.1    Algert, C.2    Arima, H.3
  • 40
    • 0035901585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mann JFE, Gerstein HC, Pogue J, Bosch J, Yusuf S; for the HOPE Investigators. Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril: the HOPE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:629-636.
    • Mann JFE, Gerstein HC, Pogue J, Bosch J, Yusuf S; for the HOPE Investigators. Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril: the HOPE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:629-636.
  • 41
    • 19644400972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease
    • The PEACE Trial Investigators
    • The PEACE Trial Investigators. Angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2058-2068.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2058-2068
  • 42
    • 1442323586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on behalf of the DIABHYCAR study investigators. Effects of low dose ramipril on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and raised excretion of urinary albumin: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (the DIABHYCAR study)
    • Marre M, Lievre M, Chatellier G, Mann JF, Passa P, Ménard J; on behalf of the DIABHYCAR study investigators. Effects of low dose ramipril on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and raised excretion of urinary albumin: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (the DIABHYCAR study). BMJ. 2004;328;495-501.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 495-501
    • Marre, M.1    Lievre, M.2    Chatellier, G.3    Mann, J.F.4    Passa, P.5    Ménard, J.6
  • 43
    • 57349158448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with angiotensin II antagonist losartan [abstract]
    • San Francisco, CA, 16-19 May
    • Brenner B. Reduction of endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with angiotensin II antagonist losartan [abstract]. 16th annual meeting of the American Society of Hypertension, San Francisco, CA, 16-19 May, 2001.
    • (2001) 16th annual meeting of the American Society of Hypertension
    • Brenner, B.1
  • 44
    • 0037387809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy
    • for the Collaborative Study Group
    • Berl T, Hunsicker LG, Lewis JB, et al; for the Collaborative Study Group. Cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:542-549.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.138 , pp. 542-549
    • Berl, T.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Lewis, J.B.3
  • 45
    • 33644855606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients stratified by baseline glomerular filtration rate
    • for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • Rahman M, Pressel S, Davis BR, et al; for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients stratified by baseline glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:172-180.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 172-180
    • Rahman, M.1    Pressel, S.2    Davis, B.R.3
  • 46
    • 33751014040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular Outcomes in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) trial
    • for the AASK Study Group
    • Norris K, Bourgoigne J, Gassman J, et al; for the AASK Study Group. Cardiovascular Outcomes in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48:739-751.
    • (2006) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.48 , pp. 739-751
    • Norris, K.1    Bourgoigne, J.2    Gassman, J.3
  • 47
    • 33744990564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study
    • Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:595-600.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 595-600
    • Ibsen, H.1    Olsen, M.H.2    Wachtell, K.3
  • 48
    • 22444450764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nakamura T, Kanno Y, Takenaka T, Suzuki H; for the Efficacy of Candesartan on Outcome in Saitama Trial (E-COST) Group. An angiotensin receptor blocker reduces the risk of congestive heart failure in elderly hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency. Hypertens Res. 2005;28:415-423.
    • Nakamura T, Kanno Y, Takenaka T, Suzuki H; for the Efficacy of Candesartan on Outcome in Saitama Trial (E-COST) Group. An angiotensin receptor blocker reduces the risk of congestive heart failure in elderly hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency. Hypertens Res. 2005;28:415-423.
  • 49
    • 33746196582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function and effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic stable coronary disease in the Prevention of Events with ACE inhibition (PEACE) trial
    • for the Prevention of Events with ACE inhibition (PEACE) investigators
    • Solomon SD, Rice MM, Gersh BJ, et al; for the Prevention of Events with ACE inhibition (PEACE) investigators. Renal function and effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic stable coronary disease in the Prevention of Events with ACE inhibition (PEACE) trial. Circulation. 2006;114:26-31.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 26-31
    • Solomon, S.D.1    Rice, M.M.2    Gersh, B.J.3
  • 50
    • 21244435994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suzuki H, Kanno Y; for the Efficacy of Candesartan on Outcome in Saitama Trial (E-COST) Group. Effects of candesartan on cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2005;28:307-314.
    • Suzuki H, Kanno Y; for the Efficacy of Candesartan on Outcome in Saitama Trial (E-COST) Group. Effects of candesartan on cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2005;28:307-314.
  • 51
    • 0026592420 scopus 로고
    • Kidneys and fluids in pressure regulation: Small volume but large pressure changes
    • Guyton AC. Kidneys and fluids in pressure regulation: small volume but large pressure changes. Hypertension. 1992;19(1 suppl):I2-I8.
    • (1992) Hypertension , vol.19 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Guyton, A.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.