Bone quality: Emperor's new clothes

Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 2-9

  Järvinen, Teppo L N ^a,b   Kannus, P ^b,c   Sievanen H ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE   (Finland)

^b TAMPERE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c UKK INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH PROMOTION RESEARCH   (Finland)

Author keywords

Aging; Bone density; Bone remodeling; Clinical trials; Diphosphonates; Osteoporosis; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; RALOXIFENE; RISEDRONIC ACID; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR;

AGING; BIOMECHANICS; BONE DENSITY; BONE FRAGILITY; BONE REMODELING; BONE STRENGTH; BONE TURNOVER; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FALLING; FRACTURE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; OSTEOPOROSIS; RISK FACTOR;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; BONE DENSITY; BONE DENSITY CONSERVATION AGENTS; HUMANS; OSTEOPOROSIS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 51749108856     PISSN: 11087161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (59)

1. Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC, Ensrud K, Musliner T, Hochberg MC, Nevitt MC, Suryawanshi S, Cummings SR. Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the Fracture Intervention Trial. FIT Research Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4118-24.
2. Garnero P, Sornay-Rendu E, Claustrat B, Delmas PD. Biochemical markers of bone turnover, endogenous hormones and the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women: the OFELY study. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:1526-36.
3. Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Bone turnover matters: the raloxifene treatment paradox of dramatic decreases in vertebral fractures without commensurate increases in bone density. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:11-4.
4. Heaney RP. Is the paradigm shifting? Bone 2003; 33:457-65.
5. Ettinger MP. Aging bone and osteoporosis: strategies for preventing fractures in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2237-46.
6. Faulkner KG. Bone matters: are density increases necessary to reduce fracture risk? J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:183-7.
7. Melton LJ III, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Relationship of bone turnover to bone density and fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:1083-91.
8. Siris ES. Chen YT. Abbott TA. Barrett-Connor E. Miller PD, Wehren LE, Berger ML. Bone mineral density thresholds for pharmacological intervention to prevent fractures. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1108-12.
9. Stone KL, Seeley DG, Lui LY, Cauley JA, Ensrud K, Browner WS, Nevitt MC, Cummings SR. BMD at multiple sites and risk of fracture of multiple types: long-term results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:1947-54.
10. Sanders KM, Nicholson GC, Watts JJ, Pasco JA, Henry MJ, Kotowicz MA, Seeman E. Half the burden of fragility fractures in the community occur in women without osteoporosis. When is fracture prevention cost-effective? Bone 2006;38:694-700.
11. Seeman E, Delmas PD. Bone quality - the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2250-61.
12. Carter DR, Bouxsein ML, Marcus R. New approaches for interpreting projected bone densitometry data. J Bone Miner Res 1992;7:137-45.
13. Compston JE. Bone density: BMC, BMD, or corrected BMD? Bone 1995;16:5-7.
14. Prentice A. Parsons TJ. Cole TJ. Uncritical use of bone mineral density in absorptiometry may lead to size-related artifacts in the identification of bone mineral determinants. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:837-42.
15. Sievanen H. A physical model for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived bone mineral density. Invest Radiol 2000;35:325-30.
16. Cheng X, Li J, Lu Y, Keyak J, Lang T. Proximal femoral density and geometry measurements by quantitative computed tomography: association with hip fracture. Bone 2007;40:169-74.
17. Goh JC, Low SL, Bose K. Effect of femoral rotation on bone mineral density measurements with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57:340-3.
18. Myers ER, Wilson SE. Biomechanics of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture. Spine 1997;22(Suppl.24):25S-31S.
19. Bolotin HH, Sievanen H, Grashuis JL. Patient-specific DXA bone mineral density inaccuracies: quantitative effects of nonuniform extraosseous fat distributions. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:1020-7.
20. Bolotin HH. Inaccuracies inherent in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in vivo bone mineral densitometry may flaw osteopenic/osteoporotic interpretations and mislead assessment of antiresorptive therapy effectiveness. Bone 2001;28:548-55.
21. Bolotin HH. DXA in vivo BMD methodology: an erroneous and misleading research and clinical gauge of bone mineral status, bone fragility, and bone remodelling. Bone 2007;41:138-54.
22. Bolotin HH, Sievanen H. Inaccuracies inherent in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in vivo bone mineral density can seriously mislead diagnostic/prognostic interpretations of patient-specific bone fragility. J Bone Miner Res 2001;16:799-805.
23. Bolotin HH. Sievanen H. Grashuis JL. Kuiper JW. Jarvinen TL. Inaccuracies inherent in patient-specific dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral density measurements: comprehensive phantom- based evaluation. J Bone Miner Res 2001;16:417-26.
24. Juran JM, Gryna FM. Juran's Quality Control Handbook. Third edition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, New York 1979.
25. Crosby PB. Quality is free: the art of making quality certain. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, New York 1979.
26. Ito M, Azuma Y, Takagi H, Kamimura T, Komoriya K, Ohta T, Kawaguchi H. Preventive effects of sequential treatment with alendronate and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on bone mass and strength in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2003;33:90-9.
27. Kippo K, Hannuniemi R, Virtamo T, Lauren L, Ikavalko H, Kovanen V, Osterman T, Sellman R. The effects of clodronate on increased bone turnover and bone loss due to ovariectomy in rats. Bone 1995;17:533-42.
28. Hayes WC, Shea M, Rodan GA. Preclinical evidence of normal bone with alendronate. Int J Clin Pract (Suppl.) 1999;101:9-13.
29. Borah B. Dufresne TE. Chmielewski PA. Gross GJ. Prenger MC, Phipps RJ. Risedronate preserves trabecular architecture and increases bone strength in vertebra of ovariectomized minipigs as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:1139-47.
30. Fischer KJ, Vikoren TH, Ney S, Kovach C, Hasselman C, Agrawal M, Rubash H, Shanbhag AS. Mechanical evaluation of bone samples following alendronate therapy in healthy male dogs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006;76:143-8.
31. Garnero P, Hausherr E, Chapuy MC, Marcelli C, Grandjean H, Muller C, Cormier C, Breart G, Meunier PJ, Delmas PD. Markers of bone resorption predict hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS Prospective Study. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1531-8.
32. Itoh F, Kojima M, Furihata-Komatsu H, Aoyagi S, Kusama H, Komatsu H, Nakamura T. Reductions in bone mass, structure, and strength in axial and appendicular skeletons associated with increased turnover after ovariectomy in mature cynomolgus monkeys and preventive effects of clodronate. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:534-43.
33. Fyhrie DP. Summary - Measuring "bone quality". J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2005;5:318-20.
34. Wilkin TJ, Devendra D. Bone densitometry is not a good predictor of hip fracture. BMJ 2001;323:795-7.
35. Palvanen M, Kannus P, Parkkari J, Pitkajarvi T, Pasanen M, Vuori I, Jarvinen M. The injury mechanisms of osteoporotic upper extremity fractures among older adults: a controlled study of 287 consecutive patients and their 108 controls. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:822-31.
36. Hayes WC, Myers ER, Morris JN, Gerhart TN, Yett HS, Lipsitz LA. Impact near the hip dominates fracture risk in elderly nursing home residents who fall. Calcif Tissue Int 1993;52:192-8.
37. Parkkari J, Kannus P, Palvanen M, Natri A, Vainio J, Aho H, Vuori I, Jarvinen M. Majority of hip fractures occur as a result of a fall and impact on the greater trochanter of the femur: a prospective controlled hip fracture study with 206 consecutive patients. Calcif Tissue Int 1999:65:183-7.
38. Carter SE, Campbell EM, Sanson-Fisher RW, Gillespie WJ. Accidents in older people living at home: a community-based study assessing prevalence, type, location and injuries. Aust N Z J Public Health 2000;24:633-6.
39. Wei TS, Hu CH, Wang SH, Hwang KL. Fall characteristics, functional mobility and bone mineral density as risk factors of hip fracture in the community-dwelling ambulatory elderly. Osteoporos Int 2001;12:1050-5.
40. Robinovitch SN, Inkster L, Maurer J, Warnick B. Strategies for avoiding hip impact during sideways falls. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:1267-73.
41. Schwartz AV, Kelsey JL, Sidney S, Grisso JA. Characteristics of falls and risk of hip fracture in elderly men. Osteoporos Int 1998;8:240-6.
42. Nevitt MC. Cummings SR. Type of fall and risk of hip and wrist fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993;41:1226-34.
43. Lee SH, Dargent-Molina P, Breart G. Risk factors for fractures of the proximal humerus: results from the EPIDOS prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:817-25.
44. Bramble DM, Lieberman DE. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature 2004;432:345-52.
45. Currey JD. How well are bones designed to resist fracture? J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:591-8.
46. Ruff C, Holt B, Trinkaus E. Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff?: "Wolff's law" and bone functional adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 2006;129:484-98.
47. Jarvinen TL, Sievanen H, Jokihaara J, Einhorn TA. Revival of bone strength: the bottom Line. J Bone Miner Res 2005;20:717-20.
48. Sievanen H, Kannus P, Jarvinen TL. Bone quality: an empty term. PLoS Med 2007;4(3):e27.
49. Bjarnason K, Hassager C, Svendsen OL, Stang H, Christiansen C. Anteroposterior and lateral spinal DXA for the assessment of vertebral body strength: comparison with hip and forearm measurement. Osteoporos Int 1996;6:37-42.
50. Ebbesen EN, Thomsen JS, Beck-Nielsen H, Nepper-Rasmussen HJ, Mosekilde L. Lumbar vertebral body compressive strength evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, and ashing. Bone 1999; 25:713-24.
51. Burklein D, Lochmuller E, Kuhn V, Grimm J, Barkmann R, Muller R, Eckstein F. Correlation of thoracic and lumbar vertebral failure loads with in situ vs. ex situ dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Biomech 2001;34:579-87.
52. Lochmuller EM. Eckstein F. Kaiser D. Zeller JB. Landgraf J, Putz R, Steldinger R. Prediction of vertebral failure loads from spinal and femoral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and calcaneal ultrasound: an in situ analysis with intact soft tissues. Bone 1998;23:417-24.
53. Courtney AC, Wachtel EF, Myers ER, Hayes WC. Effects of loading rate on strength of the proximal femur. Calcif Tissue Int 1994;55:53-8.
54. Courtney AC, Wachtel EF, Myers ER, Hayes WC. Age-related reductions in the strength of the femur tested in a fall-loading configuration. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77:387-95.
55. Bouxsein ML, Courtney AC, Hayes WC. Ultrasound and densitometry of the calcaneus correlate with the failure loads of cadaveric femurs. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56:99-103.
56. Pinilla TP, Boardman KC, Bowsein ML, Myers ER, Hayes WC. Impact direction from a fall influences the failure load of the proximal femur as much as age-related bone loss. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58:231-5.
57. Bouxsein ML, Coan BS, Lee SC. Prediction of the strength of the elderly proximal femur by bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound measurements of the heel and tibia. Bone 1999;25:49-54.
58. Kannus P. Uusi-Rasi K. Palvanen M. Parkkari J. Non-pharmacological means to prevent fractures among older adults. Ann Med 2005;37:303-10.
59. Jarvinen TL, Sievanen H, Khan KM, Heinonen A, Kannus P. Shifting the focus in fracture prevention from osteoporosis to falls. BMJ 2008;336:124-6.