Historical marine ecology: Examining the role of fisheries in changes in North Sea Benthos

Ambio

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 362-371

  Robinson, Leonie A ^a   Frid, Chris L J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENTHOS; COMMERCIAL SPECIES; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; DATA SET; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; HUMAN ACTIVITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SHELLFISH; VULNERABILITY;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC OCEAN; BIOLOGY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECOSYSTEM; FISH; FOOD INDUSTRY; HISTORY; OCEANOGRAPHY; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

ANIMALS; ECOSYSTEM; FISHERIES; FISHES; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; MARINE BIOLOGY; NORTH SEA; OCEANOGRAPHY; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTH SEA;

EID: 51549108710     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1579/07-A-300.1     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Hall, S.J. 1999. The Effects of Fishing on Marine Ecosystems and Communities. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 274 pp.
2. Kaiser, M.J. and de Groot, S.J. (eds). 2000. Effects of Fishing on Non-Target Species and Habitats. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 399 pp.
3. Lindeboom, H. and de Groot, S.J. 1997. The Effects of Different Types of Fisheries on the North Sea and Irish Sea Benthic Ecosystems. European Commission, Brussels, 396 pp.
4. Kaiser, M.J., Clarke, K.R., Hinz, H., Austen, M.C.V., Somerfield, P.J. and Karakassis, I. 2006. Global analysis of response and recovery of benthic biota to fishing. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 311, 1-14.
5. Thrush, S.F., Hewitt, J.E., Cummings, V.J., Dayton, P.K., Cryer, M., Turner, S.J., Funnell, G.A., Budd, R.G., et al. 1998. Disturbance of the marine benthic habitat by commercial fishing: impacts at the scale of the fishery. Ecol. App. 8, 866-879.
6. Watling, L. and Norse, E.A. 1998. Disturbance of the seabed by mobile fishing gear: a comparison to forest clearcutting. Cons. Biol. 12, 1180-1197.
7. Auster, P.J. and Langton, R.W. 1999. The effects of fishing on fish habitat. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 22, 150-187.
8. Burns, K.A., Ehrhardt, M.G., Howes, B.L. and Taylor, C.D. 1993. Subtidal benthic community respiration and production near the heavily oiled gulf-coast of Saudi-Arabia. Mar. Poll. Bull. 27, 199-205.
9. Skjoldal, H.R., vanGool, S., Offringa, H., vanDam, C., Water, J., Degré, E., Bastinck, J., Pawlak, J., et al. 1999. Workshop on Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) for the North Sea. Scheveningen, The Netherlands, 1-3 September 1999. TemaNord, The Hague, The Netherlands.
10. Pauly, D. 1995. Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. T.R.E.E. 10(10), 430.
11. Lotze, H.K. and Milewski, I. 2004. Two centuries of multiple human impacts and successive changes in a North Atlantic food web. Ecol. App. 14, 1428-1447
12. de Groot, S.J. 1984. The impact of bottom trawling on benthic fauna of the North Sea. Ocean Manag. 9, 177-190.
13. Anonymous. 1921. The history of trawling: its rise and development from the earliest times to the present day. Fish Trades Gazette and Poultry, Game and Rabbit Trades Chronicle 38, 21-71.
14. Dayton, P.K., Thrush, S.F., Agardy, M.T. and Hofman, R.J. 1995. Environmental-effects of marine fishing. Aqu. Cons. Mar. Fre. Eco. 5, 205-232.
15. Churchill, J.H. 1989. The effect of commercial trawling on sediment resuspension and transport over the Middle Atlantic Bight Continental-Shelf. Cont. Shelf Res. 9, 841-864.
16. Mayer, L.M., Schick, R.H., Findlay, R.H. and Rice, D.L. 1991. Effects of commercial dragging on sedimentary organic matter. Mar. Envir. Res. 31, 249-261.
17. Kaiser, M.J. and Spencer, B.E. 1996. Behavioural responses of scavengers to beam trawl disturbance. In: Aquatic Predators and their Prey, Greenstreet, S.P.R. and Tasker, M.L. (eds). Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 116-123.
18. Petersen, C.J.G. 1918. The sea bottom and its production of fish-food. A survey of the work done in connection with the valuation of the Danish waters from 1883 1917. Rep. Dan. Biol. Sta. 25, 62 p.
19. Taylor, A.H., Colebrook, J.M., Stephens, J.A. and Baker, N.G. 1992. Latitudinal displacements of the Gulf-Stream and the abundance of plankton in the North-East Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 72, 919-921.
20. Hays, G.C., Carr, M.R. and Taylor, A.H. 1993. The relationship between gulf-stream position and copepod abundance derived from the continuous plankton recorder survey- separating biological signal from sampling noise. J. Plank. Res. 15, 1359-1373.
21. Kroncke, I., Dippner, J.W., Heyen, H. and Zeiss, B. 1998. Long-term changes in macrofaunal communities off Norderney (East Frisia, Germany) in relation to climate variability. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 167, 25-36.
22. Clark, R.A. and Frid, C.L.J. 2001. Long-term changes in the North Sea ecosystem. Envir. Reviews 9, 131-187.
23. Robinson, L.A. and Frid, C.L.J. 2005. Extrapolating extinctions and extirpations: searching for a pre-fishing state of the benthos. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 41, 619-628.
24. Robinson, L. A. 2004. The Scientific Basis for an Ecosystem Approach to Managing North Sea Benthos. PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
25. Rumohr, H. and Kujawski, T. 2000. The impact of trawl fishery on the epifauna of the Southern North Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57, 1389-1394.
26. Davis, F.M. 1923. Quantitative studies on the fauna of the sea bottom. No. 1. Preliminary investigations of the Dogger Bank. Fishery Investigations, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Series 2, 6, 1-54.
27. Davis, F.M. 1925. Quantitative studies on the fauna of the sea bottom. No. 2. Results of the investigations into the southern North Sea 1921 1924. Fishery Investigations, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Series 2, 8, 1-50.
28. Frid, C.L.J., Harwood, K.G., Hall, S.J. and Hall, J.A. 2000. Long-term changes in the benthic communities on North Sea fishing grounds. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57, 1303-1309.
29. Reise, K. 1982. Long-term changes in the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna of the Wadden Sea: are Polychaetes about to take over? Neth. J. Sea Res. 16, 29-36.
30. Reise, K. and Schubert, A. 1987. Macrobenthic turnover in the subtidal Wadden Sea: the Norderaue revisited after 60 years. Helg. Meeres. 41, 69-82.
31. Riesen, W. and Reise, K. 1982. Macrobenthos of the subtidal Wadden Sea: revisited after 55 years. Helg. Meeres. 35, 409-423.
32. Schäfer, W. 1972. Ecology and Palaeoecology of Marine Environments. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 568 pp.
33. Stein, U., Hukriede, W. and Rumohr, H. 1990. Historische Benthosdaten aus Nord- und Ostee in den Jshren 1902-1912. Mitteilungen zoologisches Museum, Universität Kiel, Suppl 3, 189 pp.
34. Kunitzer, A., Basford, D., Craeymeersch, J.A., Dewarumez, J.M., Dorjes, J., Duineveld, G.C.A., Eleftheriou, A., Heip, C., et al. 1992. The benthic infauna of the North Sea-species distribution and assemblages. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 49, 127-143.
35. Christiansen, M.E. 1969. Crustacea-Decapoda, Brachyura. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia (2), Uiniversitetsforlaget, Oslo. 143 pp.
36. Haywood, P.J. and Ryland, J.S. (eds). 1995. Handbook of the Marine Fauna of Northwest Europe. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 800 pp.
37. Kühne, S. and Rachor, E. 1996. The macrofauna of a stony sand area in the German Bight (North Sea). Helg. Meeres. 50, 433-452.
38. Howson, C.M. and Picton, B.E. (eds). 1997. The Species Directory of the Marine Flora and Fauna of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas. Ulster Museum and the Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye. 508 pp.
39. For access to the complete species list comparison from (24) please contact the authors.
40. Jablonski, D. 2001. Lessons from the past: evolutionary impacts of mass extinctions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 5393-5398.
41. Kröncke, I. 1995. Long-term changes in North Sea Benthos. Senck. maritima 26, 73-80.
42. Frid, C.L.J., Clark, R.A. and Hall, J.A. 1999. Long-term changes in the benthos on a heavily fished ground off the NE coast of England. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 188, 13-20.
43. Frid, C.L.J., Robinson, L.A. and Bremner, J. 2005. Muddy thinking-ecosystem based management of marine benthos. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 41, 651-665.
44. Buchanan, J.B., Brachi, R., Christie, G. and Moore, J.J. 1986. An analysis of a stable period in the Northumberland Benthic Fauna-1973-80. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 66, 659-670.
45. Buchanan, J.B. and Moore, J.J. 1986. Long-term studies at a benthic station off the coast of Northumberland. Hvdrobiologia 142, 121-127.
46. Reid, P.C. Edwards, M., Hunt, H.G. and Warner, A.J. 1998. Phytoplankton change in the North Atlantic. Nature 391, 546.
47. Buchanan, J.B. 1993. Evidence of benthic pelagic coupling at a station off the Northumberland coast. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 172, 1-10.
48. Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. 1994. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach To Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, UK, 144 pp.
49. Dayton, P.K., Tegner, M.J., Edwards, P.B. and Riser, K.L. 1998. Sliding baselines, ghosts, and reduced expectations in Kelp forest communities. Eco. App. 8, 309-322.
50. Jackson, J.B.C. 2001. What was natural in the coastal oceans? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 5411-5418.
51. Jackson, J.B.C., Kirby, M.X., Berger, W.H., Bjorndal, K.A., Botsford, L.W., Bourque, B.J., Bradbury, R.H., Cooke, R., et al. 2001. Historical over fishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293, 629-637.
52. Jennings, S., Alsvåg, J., Cotter, A.J.R., Ehrich, S., Greenstreet, S.P.R., Jarre-Teichmann, A., Mergardt, N., Rijnsdorp, A.D. and Smedstad, O. 1999b. Fishing effects in northeast Atlantic shelf seas: patterns in fishing effort, diversity and community structure. III. International trawling effort in the North Sea: an analysis of spatial and temporal trends. Fish. Res. 40, 125-134.
53. Carlton, J.T., Vermeij, G.J., Lindberg, D.R., Carlton, D.A. and Dubley, E.C. 1991. The first historical extinction of a marine invertebrate in an Oceanic basin: the demise of the Eelgrass Limpet Lottia alveus. Biol. Bull. 180, 72-80.
54. Tegner, M.J., Basch, L.V. and Dayton, P.K. 1996. Near extinction of an exploited marine invertebrate. T.R.E.E. 11, (7), 278-280.
55. Pearson, T.H. and Rosenberg, R. 1986. Feast and famine: structuring factors in marine benthic communities. In: Organization of Communities: Past and Present. Gee, J.H.R. and Giller, P.S. (eds). Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp. 373-398.
56. Callaway, R., Alsvåg, J., de Boois, I., Cotter, J., Ford, A., Hinz, H., Jennings, S., Kröncke, I., et al. 2002. Diversity and community structure of epibenthic invertebrates and fish in the North Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 59, 1199-1214.
57. Jennings, S., Lancaster, J., Woolmar, A. and Cotter, J. 1999. Distribution, diversity and abundance of epibenthic fauna in the North Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 79, 385-399.
58. The EC 6th framework funded project MAFCONS has more recently collected North Sea wide data including epibenthic and infaunal invertebrates and demersal fish. (http://www.MAFCONS.ORG).
59. Thanks to Dr Ingrid Kröncke and colleagues at the Senckenberg Institute for advice on the use of (32); Professor Jim Atkinson for critical and useful comments on (24); the crew of RV Bernicia and all former colleagues involved in the collection and processing of the time-series samples; and all colleagues who helped to assemble data for (28). We also thank two anonymous referees who provided very useful feedback on an earlier version of this paper. LAR was supported by a University of Newcastle upon Tyne bursary when much of the original work needed to complete this article was done.
60. First submitted 12 July 2007 Accepted for publication 29 Nov. 2007.