Chapter 9 The Oligocene-Miocene Boundary - Antarctic Climate Response to Orbital Forcing

Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Volumn 8, Issue , 2008, Pages 369-400

  Wilson, G S ^a   Pekar, S F ^b   Naish, T R ^c   Passchier, S ^d   DeConto, R ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

^d MONTCLAIR STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 51449086507     PISSN: 15719197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1571-9197(08)00009-8     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Abe-Ouchi A., and Blatter H. On the initiation of ice sheets. Ann. Glaciaol. 18 (1993) 203-207
2. 2. Paleoceanography 18 1 (2003) 1012 doi:10.1029/2002/PA000760
3. Askin R.A., and Raine J.I. Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial palynology of the Cape Roberts Drillhole CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 493-501
4. Barker P.F., and Burrell J. The opening of the Drake Passage. Mar. Geol. 25 (1977) 15-34
5. Barker P.F., and Burrell J. The influence upon Southern Ocean circulation, sedimentation and climate change of the opening of Drake Passage. In: Craddock C. (Ed). Antarctic Geoscience (1982), University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 377-385
6. Barker, P. F., & Carmerlenghi, A. (2002). Glacial history of the Antarctic Peninsula from Pacific Margin sediments. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 178, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.178.238.2002.
7. Barker, P. F., Carmerlenghi, A., Acton, G. D., et al. (1999). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), Vol. 178, [online].
8. Barker P.F., Filippelli G.M., Florindo F., Martin E.E., and Scher H.D. Onset and role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep Sea Res. II 54 (2007) 2388-2398
9. Barker, P. F., Kennett, J. P., O'Connell, S., et al. (1988a). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), Vol. 113, 774 pp.
10. Barker P.F., Kennett J.P., and Scientific Party. Weddell sea palaeoceanography: Preliminary results of ODP Leg 113. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 67 (1988) 75-102
11. Barrett, P. J. (Ed.) (1986). Antarctic Cenozoic history from the MSSTS-1 drillhole, McMurdo Sound. DSIR Bulletin. DSIR Publishing, Wellington, Vol. 237, 174 pp.
12. Barrett, P. J. (Ed.) (1989). Antarctic Cenozoic history from the CIROS-1 drillhole, McMurdo Sound. DSIR Bulletin. DSIR Publishing, Wellington, Vol. 245, 254 pp.
13. Barrett, P. J. (2007). Cenozoic climate and sea level history from glacimarine strata off the Victoria Land coast, Cape Roberts Project, Antarctica. In: M. J. Hambrey, P. Christoffersen, N. Glasser, & B. Hubbard (Eds). Glacial Sedimentary Processes and Products. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK, Vol. 39 (in press).
14. Barron, J., Larsen, B., Baldauf, J., et al. (1989). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Programme, Initial Reports. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), Vol. 119, 942 pp.
15. Berggren W.A., Kent D.V., Flynn J., and Van Couvering J.A. Cenozoic geochronology. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 96 (1985) 1407-1418
16. Berggren W.A., Kent D.V., Swisher III C.C., and Aubrey M.P. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. Soc. Sediment. Geol. (Special Publication) 54 (1995) 129-212
17. Billups K., Channell J.E.T., and Zachos J.C. Late Oligocene to early Miocene geochronology and paleoceanography from the Subantarctic South Atlantic. Paleoceanography 17 (2002) doi:10.1029/2000PA000568
18. Billups K., Pälike H., Channell J.E.T., Zachos J.C., and Shackleton N.J. Astonomic calibration of the late Oligocene through early Miocene geomagnetic polarity time scale. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 224 (2004) 33-44
19. 16O measurements on benthic foraminifera. Paleoceanography 17 (2002) doi:10.1029/2000PA000567
20. Birkenmajer K. Oligocene-Miocene glacio-marine sequences of King George Island (South Shetland Islands), Antarctica. Paleontol. Pol. 49 (1987) 113-122
21. Birkenmajer K., Gazdzicki A., Kreuzer H., and Muller P. K-Ar dating of the melville glaciation (early Miocene) in West Antarctica. Polish Acad. Sci. Bull. Earth Sci. 33 (1985) 15-23
22. Cande S.C., and Kent D.V. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J. Geophys. Res. 100 (1995) 6093-6095
23. Cande S.C., and Kent D.V. A new geomagnetic polarity timescale for the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J. Geophys. Res. 97 (1992) 13917-13951
24. Cape Roberts Science Team. Studies from the Cape Roberts Project, Ross Sea, Antarctica - Initial report on CRP-1. Terra Antartica 5 (1998) 1-187
25. Cape Roberts Science Team. Studies from the Cape Roberts Project, Ross Sea, Antarctica - Initial report on CRP-2/2A. Terra Antartica 6 (1999) 1-173
26. Cape Roberts Science Team. Studies from the Cape Roberts Project, Ross Sea, Antarctica - Initial report on CRP-3. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 1-209
27. Ciesielski, P. F., Kristoffersen, Y., Clement, B., et al. (1988). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), Vol. 114, 815 pp.
28. Cooper, A. K., & O'Brien, P. E. (2004). Leg 188 synthesis: Transitions in the glacial history of the Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica, from ODP drilling. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Programme, Scientific Results, Vol. 188, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.001.2004.
29. 2. Nature 421 (2003) 245-249
30. DeConto R.M., and Pollard D. A coupled climate-ice sheet modeling approach to the early Cenozoic history of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 198 (2003) 39-53
31. DeConto R.M., Pollard D., and Harwood D. Sea ice feedback and Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic climate and ice sheets. Paleoceanography 22 (2007) PA3214 doi:10.1029/2006PA001350
32. Dunbar G.B., Naish T., Powell R., and Barrett P.J. Contraining the amplitude of late Oligocene bathymetric changes in western Ross Sea during orbitally-induced oscillations in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet: (1) Implications for glacimarine sequence stratigraphic models. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 258 (2008) 50-65
33. Ehrmann W.U., Setti M., and Marinoni L. Clay minerals in Cenozoic sediments off Cape Roberts (McMurdo Sound, Antarctica) reveal palaeoclimatic history. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 229 (2005) 187-211
34. Elderfield H., Yu J., Anand P., Kiefer T., and Nyland B. Calibrations for benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometry and the carbonate ion hypothesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 250 (2006) 633-649
35. Eldrett J.S., Harding I.C., Wilson P.A., Butler E., and Roberts A.P. Continental ice in Greenland during the Eocene and Oligocene. Nature 466 (2007) 176-179
36. Fielding C.R., Woolfe K.J., Purdon R.G., Lavell M., and Howe J. Sedimentological and stratigraphical re-evaluation of the CIROS-1 Core, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Terra Antartica 4 (1997) 149-160
37. Florindo F., Wilson G.S., Roberts A.P., Sagnotti L., and Verosub K.L. Magnetostratigraphic chronology of a late Eocene to early Miocene glacimarine succession from the Victoria Land Basin, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Global Planetary Change 45 (2005) 207-236
38. In: Gradstein F.M., Ogg J.G., and Smith A.G. (Eds). A geological time scale (2004), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 589
39. Hambrey, M. J., Ehrmann, W. U., & Larsen, B. (1991). Cenozoic glacial record of the Prydz Bay Continental Shelf, East Antarctica. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Programme, Scientific Results, Vol. 120, pp. 77-132.
40. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., and Vail P.R. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science 235 (1987) 1156-1167
41. Hayes D.E., Frakes L.A., Barret P.J., et al. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (1975), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Vol. 28, 1017 pp.
42. Hill R.S. Fossil Leaf. In: Barrett P.J. (Ed). Antarctic Cenozonic History from the CIROS-1Drillhole, McMurdo Sound. DSIR Bull Vol. 245 (1989), DSIR Publishing, Wellington 143-144
43. Hotinski R.M., and Toggweiler J.R. Impact of a Tethyan Circumglobal Passage on ocean heat transport and "equable" climates. Paleoceanography 18 1 (2003) 1007, doi:10.1029/2001PA000730
44. Huber M., Brinkhuis H., Stickley C.E., Doos K., Sluijs A., Warner J., Schellenberg S.A., and Williams G.L. Eocene circulation of the Southern Ocean: Was Antarctica kept warm by subtropical waters?. Paleoceanography 19 PA4026 (2004) doi:10.1029/2004PA001014
45. Huber M., and Nof D. The ocean circulation in the Southern Hemisphere and its climatic impacts in the Eocene. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 231 (2006) 9-28
46. Huybrechts P. Formation and disintegration of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Ann. Glaciol. 20 (1994) 336-340
47. Huybrechts P. Sea-level changes at the LGM from ice-dynamic reconstructions of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets during the glacial cycles. Quaternary Sci. Rev. 21 (2002) 203-231
48. Kennett J.P. Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic glaciation, the circum-Antarctic ocean, and their impact on global paleoceanography. J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 3843-3860
49. Kennett J.P., Houtz R.E., Andrews P.B., et al. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (1974), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Vol. 29, 1197 pp.
50. Kennett J.P., and Shackleton N.J. Oxygen isotopic evidence for the development of the psychrospheric 38 myr ago. Nature 260 (1976) 513-515
51. Kominz M.A., and Pekar S.F. Oligocene eustasy from two-dimensional sequence stratigraphic backstripping. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 113 (2001) 291-304
52. Laskar J., Gastineau M., Joutel F., Robutel P., Levrard B., and Correia A. Long term evolution and chaotic diffusion of the insolation quantities of Mars. Icarus 170 (2004) 343-364
53. Lear C.H., Bailey T.R., Pearson P.N., Coxall H.K., and Rosenthal Y. Cooling and ice growth across the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Geology 36 (2008) 251-254
54. Lear C.H., Rosenthal Y., Coxall H.K., and Wilson P.A. Late Eocene to early Miocene ice sheet dynamics and the global carbon cycle. Paleoceanography 19 (2004) doi:10.1029/2004PA001039
55. Leckie R.M., and Webb P.-N. Late Oligocene-early Miocene glacial record of the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Evidence from DSDP site 270. Geology 11 (1983) 578-582
56. Livermore R., C-D. H., Meredith M., and Eagles G. Drake Passage and Cenozoic climate: An open and shut case?. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8 (2007) Q01005 doi:10.1029/2005GC001224
57. In: MacDonald D.I.M. (Ed). Sedimentation, tectonics and eustasy - Sea-level changes at active margins. Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists Vol. 12 (1991), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK 518 pp
58. Mikolajewicz U., Maier-Reimer E., Crowley T.J., and Kim K.-Y. Effect of Drake and Panamanian Gateways on the circulation of an ocean model. Paleoceanography 8 (1993) 409-426
59. Mildenhall D. Terrestrial palynology. In: Barrett P.J. (Ed). Antarctic Cenozonic History from the CIROS-1Drillhole, McMurdo Sound. DSIR Bull Vol. 245 (1989), DSIR Publishing, Wellington 119-127
60. Miller, K. G., Aubrey, M. P., Browning, J. V., Bukry, D., Burckle, L. D., Feigenson, M. D., Goss, M., Gwynn, D., Heibel, T., Kent, D. V., Liu, C., Mullikin, L., Pekar, S. F., Powars, D. S., Queen, D., Sugarman, P. J., & van Fossen, M. C. (1997a). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 150X, 388 pp.
61. Miller K.G., Mountain G.S., the Leg 150 Shipboard Party, and and Members of the New Jersey Coastal Plain Drilling Project. Drilling and Dating New Jersey Oligocene-Miocene Sequences. Ice volume, global sea level, and exxon records. Science 271 (1996) 1092-1095
62. Miller, K. G., Sugarman, P. J., Browning, J. V., Aubrey, M. P., Brenner, G. J., Bukry, D., Burckle, L. D., Cramer, B. S., Curran, J., Dalton, R. F., Feigenson, M. D., Lawrence, R. P., Metzger, J. M., Olsson, R. K., Pekar, S. F., Reilly, T. J., Stewart, M., Uptegrove, J., & Wright, J. D. (1997b). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 174AX, 43 pp.
63. Miller K.G., Wright J.D., and Browning J.V. Visions of ice sheets in a greenhouse world. Mar. Geol. 217 (2005) 215-231
64. Miller K.G., Wright J.D., and Fairbanks R.G. Unlocking the icehouse: Oligocene-Miocene oxygen isotope, eustasy, and margin erosion. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 6829-6848
65. Naish T.R., Wilson G.S., Dunbar G., and Barrett P.J. Constraining the amplitude of late Oligocene bathymetric changes in western Ross Sea during orbitally-induced oscillations in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet: (2) Implications for global sea-level changes. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 260 (2008) 66-76
66. Naish T.R., Woolfe K.J., Barrett P.J., Wilson G.S., Atkins C., Bohaty S., Bucker C.J., Claps M., Davey F.J., Dunbar G.B., Dunn A.G., Fielding C.R., Florindo F., Hannah M.J., Harwood D.M., Henrys S.A., Krissek L., Lavelle M., van der Meer J., McIntosh M.C., Niessen F., Passchier S., Powell R.D., Roberts A.P., Sagnotti L., Scherer R.P., Strong C.P., Talarico F., Verosub K.L., Villa G., Watkins D.K., Webb P.N., and Wonik T. Orbitally induced oscillations in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Nature 413 (2001) 719-723
67. Ness G., Levi S., and Counch R. Marine magnetic anomaly timescales for the Cenozoic and late Cretaceous: A précis, critique and synthesis. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 18 (1980) 753-770
68. Nong G.T., Najjar R.G., Seidov D., and Peterson W. Simulation of ocean temperature change due to the opening of Drake Passage. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 2689-2692
69. O'Brien, P. E., Cooper, A. K., Richter, C., et al. (2001). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), Vol. 188, [Online].
70. Oslick J., Miller K.G., Feigenson M.D., and Wright J.D. Oligocene-Miocene strontium isotopes: Stratigraphic revisions and correlations to an inferred glacioeustatic record. Paleoceanography 9 (1994) 427-443
71. Pagani M., Arthur M.A., and Freeman K.H. Micoene evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Paleoceanography 14 (1999) 273-292
72. Pagani M., Zachos J.C., Freeman K.H., Tipple B., and Bohaty S. Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene. Science 309 (2005) 600-603
73. Pälike H., Laskar J., and Shackleton N.J. Geologic constraints on the chaotic diffusion of the solar system. Geology 32 (2004) 929-932
74. Pälike H., Norris R.D., Herrle J.O., Wilson P.A., Coxall H.K., Lear C.H., Shackleton N.J., Tripati A.K., and Wade B.S. The heartbeat of the Oligocene climate system. Science 314 (2006) 1894-1898
75. Passchier S. Soft-sediment deformation features in core from CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 401-412
76. Passchier S., and Krissek L.A. Oligocene-Miocene Antarctic continental weathering record and paleoclimatic implications, Cape Roberts Drilling Project, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclmatol. Palaeoecol 260 (2008) 30-40
77. Paul H.A., Zachos J.C., Flower B.P., and Triparti A. Orbitally induced climate and geochemical variability across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Paleoceanography 15 (2000) 471-485
78. Pearson P.N., and Palmer M.R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 60 million years. Nature 406 (2000) 695-699
79. 2 during the Oligocene through early Miocene (34-16 Ma). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 260 (2008) 41-49
80. Pekar S.F., Christie-Blick N., Kominz M.A., and Miller K.G. Calibrating eustasy to oxygen isotopes for the early icehouse world of the Oligocene. Geology 30 (2002) 903-906
81. Pekar S.F., and DeConto R.M. High-resolution ice-volume estimates for the early Miocene: Evidence for a dynamic ice sheet in Antarctica. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 231 (2006) 101-109
82. Pekar S.F., DeConto R.M., and Harwood D.M. Resolving a late Oligocene conundrum: Deep-sea warming versus Antarctic glaciation. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 231 (2006) 29-40
83. Pekar S.F., and Kominz M.A. Two-dimensional paleoslope modeling: A new method for estimating water depths for benthic foraminiferal biofacies and paleo shelf margins. J. Sediment. Res. 71 (2001) 608-620
84. Pollard D., and DeConto R.M. Hysteresis in Cenozoic Antarctic Ice Sheet variations. Glob. Planet. Change 45 (2005) 9-21
85. Pollard D., and DeConto R.M. A coupled ice-sheet/ice-shelf/sediment model applied to a marine-margin flowline: Forced and unforced variations. In: Hambrey M., Christoffersen P., Glasser N., and Hubbard B. (Eds). Glacial Sedimentary Processes and Products (2007), International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK 35-53
86. Roberts A.P., Wilson G.S., Harwood D.M., and Verosub K.L. Glaciation across the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in Southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: New chronology from the CIROS-1 drill hole. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 198 (2003) 113-130
87. Scherer R.P., Bohaty S.M., and Harwood D.M. Oligocene and lower Miocene siliceous microfossil biostratigraphy of Cape Roberts Project Core CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 417-442
88. Schlich, R., Wise, S. W. Jr., Palmer Julson, A. A., et al. (1992). The geologic and tectonic evolution of the Kerguelen Plateau: An introduction to the scientific results of Leg 120. Proceedings of Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 120, pp. 5-30
89. Shackleton N.J., Hall M.A., Raffi I., Tauxe L., and Zachos J. Astronomical calibration for the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Geology 28 (2000) 447-450
90. Shackleton, N. J., & Kennett, J. P. (1975). Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation: Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses in DSDP sites 277, 279 and 281. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Vol. 29, 743 pp.
91. Shackleton N.J., Lamb H.H., Worssam B.C., Hodgson J.M., Lord A.R., Shotton F.W., Schove D.J., and Cooper L.H.N. The oxygen isotope stratigraphic record of the late pleistocene. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 280B (1977) 169-182
92. Sijp W.P., and England M.H. Effect of the Drake Passage through flow on global climate. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 34 (2004) 1254-1266
93. 2 variations. Nature 404 (2000) 171-174
94. Stickley C.E., et al. Timing and nature of the deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway. Paleoceanography 19 PA4027 (2004) doi:10.1029/2004PA001022
95. Toggweiler J.R., and Bjornsson H. Drake Passage and paleoclimate. J. Quaternary Sci. 15 (2000) 319-328
96. Troedson A.L., and Riding J.B. Upper Oligocene to lowermost Miocene strata of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: Stratigraphy, facies analysis, and implications for the glacial history of the Antarctic Peninsula. J. Sediment. Res. 72 (2002) 510-523
97. Vail P.R., Mitchum Jr. R.M., and Thompson S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 4: Global cycles of relative changes of sea level. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Mem. 26 (1977) 83-97
98. Van der Meer J.J.M. Microscopic observations on the upper 300 metres of CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 339-348
99. Verosub K.L., Florindo F., Sagnotti L., Roberts A.P., and Wilson G.S. Environmental magnetism of Oligocene-Miocene glaciomarine strata from CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 599-608
100. von der Heydt A., and Dijkstra H.A. Effect of ocean gateways on the global ocean circulation in the late Oligocene and early Miocene. Paleoceanography 21 (2006) PA10111 doi:10.1029/2005PA001149
101. Weertman H. Stability of ice-age ice sheets. J. Geophys. Res. 66 (1961) 3783-3792
102. Wilson G.S., Bohaty S., Fielding C.R., Florindo F., Hannah M.J., Harwood D.M., McIntosh W.C., Naish T.R., Roberts A.P., Sagnotti L., Scherer R.P., Strong C.P., Verosub K.L., Villa G., Watkins D.K., Webb P.N., and Woolfe K.J. Chronostratigraphy of CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 647-654
103. Wilson G.S., Florindo F., Sagnotti L., Verosub K.L., and Roberts A.P. Magnetostratigraphy of Oligocene-Miocene glaciomarine strata from the CRP2/2A core, Victoria Land Basin. Terra Antartica 7 (2000) 631-646
104. Wilson G.S., Lavelle M., McIntosh W.C., Roberts A.P., Harwood D.M., Watkins D.K., Villa G., Bohaty S., Florindo F., Sagnotti L., Naish T.R., Scherer R.P., and Verosub K.L. Integrated chronostratigraphic calibration of the Oligocene-Miocene boundary at 24.0±0.1 Ma from the CRP-2A drill core, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Geology 30 (2002) 1043-1046
105. Wilson G.S., Roberts A.P., Verosub K.L., Florindo F., and Sagnotti L. Magnetobiostratigraphic chronology of the Eocene-Oligocene transition in the CIROS-1 core, Victoria Land margin, Antarctica: Implications for Antarctic glacial history. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 110 (1998) 35-47
106. Wright, J. D. & Miller, K. G. (1992). Miocene stable isotope stratigrpahy, Site 747, Kerguelen Plateau. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Programme, Scientific Results, Vol. 120, pp. 855-866.
107. Wright J.D., and Miller K.G. Southern ocean influence on late Eocene to Miocene deepwater circulation. Antarctic Res. Series 60 (1993) 1-25
108. Zachos J.C., Flowers B.P., and Paul H.A. A high resolution chronology of orbitally paced climate oscillations across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Nature 388 (1997) 567-570
109. Zachos J., Pagani M., Sloan L., Thomas E., and Billups K. Trends rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292 (2001) 686-693
110. Zachos J.C., Shackleton N.J., Revenaugh J., Pälike H., and Flower B.P. Climate response to orbital forcing across the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Science 292 (2001) 274-278