The role of blood pressure in cognitive impairment in an elderly population

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 135-142

  Cacciatore, Francesco ^a   Abete, Pasquale ^a   Ferrara, Nicola ^b   Paolisso, Giuseppe ^c   Amato, Laura ^c   Canonico, Silvestro ^a   Maggi, Stefania ^d   Varricchio, Michele ^c   Rengo, Franco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b IRCCS   (Italy)

^c Dipartmento di Geriatria   (Italy)

^d Progetto Finalizzato I   (Italy)

Author keywords

Ageing; Blood pressure; Cognitive impairment

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT;

AGE; AGED; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG USE; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ITALY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

EID: 0030932408     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199715020-00003     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Kannel WB, Gordan T: Evaluation of cardiovascular risk in the elderly: the Framingham study. Bull N Y Acad Med 1978, 54:573-591.
2. Havlik RJ, Liu BM, Kovar MG, National Center for Health Statistics: Health Statistics on Older Persons, United States, 1986. Vital and Health Statistics 1987, 3 (25). Washington: Government Printing Office; 1987.
3. Smith WM: Epidemiology of hypertension in older patients. Am J Med 1988, 85:2-6.
4. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Verter J, McNamara PM: Epidemiologic assessment of the role of blood pressure in stroke. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1970, 214:301-310.
5. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Sorlie P, Wolf PA: Components of blood pressure and risk for atherothrombotic brain infarction: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1976, 7:327-333.
6. Forette F, Boller F: Hypertension and the risk of dementia in the elderly. Am J Med 1991, 90:14S-19S.
7. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP: Hypertension and the brain. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Arch Intern Med 1992, 152:938-945.
8. Ligth KC: Slowing of response time in young and middle-aged hypertensive patients. Exp Aging Res 1975, 1:209-227.
9. Boller F, Vrtunski PB, Meck JL, Kim Y: Neuropsychological correlates of hypertension. Arch Neurol 1977, 34:701-710.
10. Shapiro AP, Miller RE, King HE, Ginchereau ER, Fitzgibbon K: Behavioral consequences of mild hypertension. Hypertension 1982, 4:355-360.
11. Franceschi M, Tancredi O, Smirne S, Mercinelli A, Canal N: Cognitive processes in hypertension. Hypertension 1982, 4:226-229.
12. Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ: The Mini-Mental State Examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992, 40:922-935.
13. Farmer ME, White LR, Abbott RD, Kittner SJ, Kaplan E, Wolz MM, et al.: Blood pressure and cognitive performance: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1987, 126:1103-1114.
14. Scherr PA, Hebert LE, Smith LA, Evans DA: Relation of blood pressure to cognitive function in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1991, 134:1303-1315.
15. Starr JM, Walley U, Inch S, Shering PA: Blood pressure and cognitive function in healthy old people. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993, 41:753-756.
16. Breteler MM, van Swieten JC, Bots ML, Grobbee DE, Claus JJ, van den Hout JH, et al.: Cerebral white matter lesions, vascular risk factors, and cognitive function in a population-based study: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology 1994, 44:1246-1252.
17. Gale CR, Martyn CN, Cooper C: Cognitive impairment and mortality in a cohort of elderly people. BMJ 1996, 312:608-611.
18. Guo Z, Vjitanen M, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B: Low blood pressure and dementia in elderly people: the Kungsholmen project. BMJ 1996; 31:805-808.
19. Farmer ME, Kittner SJ, Abbott RD, Wolz MM, Wolf PA, White LR: Longitudinally measured blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and cognitive performance: the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1990, 43:475-480.
20. Elias MF, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Cobb J, White LR: Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: the Framingham study. Am J Epidemiol 1993, 138:353-364.
21. Launer U, Masaki R, Petrovich H, Foley D, Havlik RJ: Association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA 1995, 274:1846-1851.
22. Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahal S, Palmertz B, Andreasson L-A, Nilsson L, et al.: A 15 year longitudinal study on blood pressure and dementia. Lancet 1996, 347:1141-1145.
23. James WP, Duthie GG, Wahle KW: The Mediterranean diet: protective or simply non-toxic? Eur Clin Nutr 1989, 43:31-41.
24. Trevisan M, Krogh V, Freudenheim J, Blake A, Muti P, Panico S, et al.: Consumption of olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils and coronary heart disease risk factors: the Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council. JAMA 1990, 263:688-692.
25. Katzman R: Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993, 43:13-20.
26. Ott A, Breteler MM, van Harskamp F, Claus JJ, van der Cammen TJ, Grobbee DE, et al.: Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: association with education. The Rotterdam study. BMJ 1995, 310:970-973.
27. Measso G, Cavarzeran F, Zappalà G, Lebowitz BD, Crook TR, Pirozzolo FJ, et al: The Mini-Mental State Examination: normative study of an Italian random sample. Developmental Neuropsychol 1993, 9:77-85.
28. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, et al.: Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1983, 17:37-49.
29. Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1988, 148:1023-1029.
30. SPSS Inc: SPSS/PC+ User's Guide. Chicago SPSS Inc.; 1992.
31. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: 'Mini-mental state': a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975, 12:189-198.
32. Brayne C, Calloway P: The association of education and socioeconomic status with the Mini Mental State Examination and the clinical diagnosis of dementia in elderly people. Age Ageing 1990, 19: 91-96.
33. Uhlmann RF, Larson EB: Effect of education on The Mini-Mental State Examination as a screening test for dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991, 39:876-880.
34. Breteler MM, Claus JJ, Grobbee DE, Hofman A: Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam Study. BMJ 1994, 308:1604-1608.
35. Fillembaum GG, Hughes DC, Heyman A, George LK, Blazer DG: Relationship of health and demographic characteristics to Mini-Mental Examination score among community residents. Psychol Med 1988, 18:719-726.
36. O'Connor DW, Pollit PA, Hyde JB, Fellows JL, Miller ND, Brook CP, et al.: The reliability and validity of the Mini-Mental State in a British community survey. J Psychiatr Res 1989, 23:87-96.
37. Lindensrom E, Boysen G, Nyboe J: Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on stroke risk: a prospective observational study. Am J Epidemiol 1995, 142:1279-1290.
38. Rabkin SW, Mathewson AL, Tate RB: Predicting risk of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease from systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Ann Intern Med 1978, 88:342-345.
39. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P, Neaton J, et al.: Blood pressure, stroke and coronary artery disease. Part I: prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990, 335:765-774.
40. Cox RH: Effects of age on the mechanical properties of rat carotid artery. Am J Physiol 1977, 233:H256-H263.
41. Hajdu MA, Heistad DD, Siems JE, Baumbach GL: Effects of aging on mechanics and composition of cerebral arterioles in rats. Circ Res 1990, 66:1747-1754.
42. Johansson BB: Pathogenesis of vascular dementia: the possible role of hypertension. Dementia 1994, 5:174-176.
43. Englund E, Brun A, Alling C: White matter changes in dementia of Alzheimer's type. Biochemical and neuropathological correlates. Brain 1988, 111:1425-1439.
44. Blennow K, Wallin A, Uhlemann C, Gottfries CG: White-matter lesions on CT in Alzheimer patients: relation to clinical symptomatology and vascular factors. Acta Neurol Scand 1991, 83:187-193.
45. Bots ML, van Swieten JC, Breteler MM, de Jong PT, van Gijn J, Hofman A, et al.: Cerebral white matter lesions and atherosclerosis in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 1993, 341:1232-1237.
46. Landahl S, Bengtsson C, Sigurdursson JA, Svanborg A: Age-related changes in blood pressure. Hypertension 1986; 8:1044-1049.