Clergy deliberation on gay rights and homosexuality

Polity

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 411-435

  Djupe, Paul A ^a   Neiheisel, Jacob R ^b,c  

^a DENISON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Clergy politics; Deliberation; Elite deliberation; Framing; Gay rights; Homosexuality

Indexed keywords

EID: 51249086619     PISSN: 00323497     EISSN: 17441684     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.polity.2300095     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Walter Shapiro, "Presidential Election May Have Hinged on One Issue: Issue 1," USA. Today 5 November 2004.
2. Paul A. Djupe, Jacob R. Neiheisel, and Anand E. Sokhey, "Clergy and Controversy: A Study of Clergy and Gay Rights in Columbus, Ohio," in Religious Interests in Community Conflict: Beyond the Culture Wars, ed. Paul A. Djupe and Laura R. Olson (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2007), 73-100.
3. See Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000),
4. and Sidney Verba, Key Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995).
5. James S. Fishkin and Robert C. Luskin, "Bringing Deliberation to the Democratic Dialogue," in The Poll With A Human Face: The National Issues Convention Experiment, ed. Maxwell McCombs and Amy Reynolds (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999), 3-38.
6. Clyde Wilcox, Mark J. Rozell, and John C. Green, "The Meaning of the March: A Direction for Future Research," in The Christian Right in American Politics: Marching to the Millenium, ed. John C. Green, Mark J. Rozell, and Clyde Wilcox (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2003), 277-80.
7. See Diana C. Mutz, Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative Versus Participatory Democracy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006)
8. and Dietram A. Scheufele, Matthew C. Nisbit, Dominique Brossard, and Erik C. Nisbit, "Social Structure and Citizenship: Examining the Impacts of Social Setting, Network Heterogeneity, and Informational Variables on Political Participation," Political Communication 21 (July-September 2004): 315-38.
9. See Paul A. Djupe and Christopher R Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit: Clergy, Churches, and Communities in American Politics (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003);
10. Bonnie H. Erickson and T.A. Nosanchuk, "How an Apolitical Organization Politicizes," Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 27 (May 1990): 206-19;
11. Andrew J. Perrín, "Political Microcultures: Linking Civic Life and Democratic Discourse," Social Forces 84 (December 2005): 1049-82;
12. and Verba et al., Voice and Equality.
13. See Diana C. Mutz, "Cross-Cutting Social Networks: Testing Democratic Theory in Practice," The American Political Science Review 96 (March 2002): 111-26;
14. Diana C. Mutz, "The Consequences of Cross-Cutting Networks for Political Participation," American Journal of Political Science 46 (October 2002): 838-55;
15. and Mutz, Hearing the Other Side.
16. David B. Truman, The Governmental Process (New York: Knopf, 1951).
17. See Brent Coffin, "Moral Deliberation in Congregations," in Taking Faith Seriously, ed. Mary Jo Bane, Brent Coffin, and Richard Higgins (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005), 113-45;
18. Kenneth D. Wald, Dennis E. Owen, and Samuel S. Hill, Jr., "Churches as Political Communities," The American Political Science Review 82 (June 1988): 531-48;
19. and Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit.
20. See John P. Burgess, "Framing the Homosexuality Debate Theologically: Lessons from the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)," Review of Religious Research 41 (December 1999): 262-74,
21. Coffin, Moral Deliberation;
22. Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit;
23. and Ted G. Jelen, "Notes for a Theory of Clergy as Political Leaders," in Christian Clergy in American Politics, ed. Sue E.S. Crawford and Laura R. Olson (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
24. David M. Ryfe, "Does Deliberative Democracy Work?" Annual Review of Political Science 8 (2005): 45-71. Emphasis in the original.
25. See Harry C. Boyte, "Building the Commonwealth: Citizenship as Public Work," in Citizen Competence and Democratic Institutions, ed. Stephen L. Elkin and Karol Edward Soltan (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999), 259-78;
26. Simone Chambers, "Deliberative Democratic Theory," Annual Review of Political Science 6 (2003): 307-26;
27. John S. Dryzek, Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000);
28. Michael Rabinder James, Deliberative Democracy and the Plural Polity (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2004);
29. Amy Gutman and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1996);
30. and Cass R. Sunstein, "The Law of Group Polarization," The Journal of Political Philosophy 10 (June 2002): 175-95.
31. John R. Hibbing and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, Stealth Democracy: Americans' Beliefs About How Government Should Work (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 172.
32. Ryfe, "Does Deliberative Democracy Work?" 45,
33. see also Michael X. Delli Carpini, Fay Lomax Cook, and Lawrence R. Jacobs, "Public Deliberation, Discursive Participation, and Citizen Engagement: A Review of the Empirical Literature," Annual Review of Political Science 7 (2004): 315-44;
34. Tali Mendelberg, "The Deliberative Citizen: Theory and Evidence," in Political Decision Making, Deliberation and Participation, Vol. 6, ed. Michael X. Delli Carpini, Leonie Huddie, and Robert Y Shapiro (New York: Elsevier Press, 2002), 151-94;
35. and Cass R. Sunstein, "Deliberative Trouble? Why Groups Go to Extremes," The Yale Law Journal 110 (October 2000): 71-119.
36. Tali Mendelberg and John Oleske, "Race and Public Deliberation," Political Communication 17 (April-June 2000): 169-91.
37. Mutz, "Cross-Cutting," 111.
38. See, for instance, Katherine Cramer Walsh, Talking About Politics: Informal Groups and Social Identity in American Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004).
39. Benjamin Barber, Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).
40. John Zaller, The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
41. See Mark Button and Kevin Mattson, "Deliberative Democracy in Practice: Challenges and Prospects for Civil Deliberation," Polity 31 (Summer 1999): 609-37;
42. Mendelberg and Oleske, "Race," and Walsh, Talking About Politics.
43. Jan Leighley, "Social Interactions and Contextual Influences on Political Participation," American Politics Quarterly 18 (April 1990): 459-75;
44. Mutz, "Cross-Cutting."
45. For a different view see Jack M. McLeod, Dietram A. Scheufele, Patricia Moy, Edward M. Horowitz, R. Lance Holbert, Weiwu Zhang, Stephen Zubric, and Jessica Zubric, "Understanding Deliberation: The Effects of Discussion Networks on Participation in a Public Forum," Communication Research 26 (December 1999): 743-74;
46. and Scheufele et al., "Social Structure and Citizenship." See also James S. Fishkin, The Voice of the People (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995).
47. A "network battery" collects information on people (generally up to three or four) with whom the survey respondent reports having discussed politics or important matters.
48. See Paul A. Djupe and Christopher R Gilbert, "The Resourceful Believer: Generating Civic Skills in Church," The Journal of Politics 68 (February 2006): 116-27;
49. and David C. Leege, "Catholics and the Civic Order: Parish Participation, Politics, and Civic Participation," The Review of Politics 50 (Autumn 1988): 704-37.
50. See David Dutwin, "The Character of Deliberation: Equality, Argument, and the Formation of Public Opinion," International Journal of Public Opinion Research 15 (Autumn 2003): 239-64;
51. Button and Mattson, "Deliberative Democracy in Practice," and Ryfe, "Does Deliberative Democracy Work?"
52. Mark E. Warren, Democracy and Associations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001), 37.
53. See Benjamin I. Page, Who Deliberates? Mass Media in Modern Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 5;
54. and Barber, Strong Democracy, 271-72.
55. Page, Who Deliberates? 5.
56. See Mark Lindeman, "Opinion Quality and Policy Preferences in Deliberative Research," in Political Decision Making, Deliberation and Participation, Vol. 6, ed. Michael X. Delli Carpini, Leonie Huddie, and Robert Y Shapiro (New York: Elsevier Press, 2002), 195-224;
57. and Adolf G. Gunderson, The Environmental Promise of Democratic Deliberation (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995).
58. Lindeman, "Opinion Quality 199.
59. Gunderson, Environmental Promise, 199.
60. See James N. Druckman, "Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)Relevance of Framing Effects," American Political Science Review 98 (November 2004): 671-86;
61. James N. Druckman and Kjersten R. Nelson, "Framing and Deliberation: How Citizens' Conversations Limit Elite Influence," American Journal of Political Science 47 (October 2003): 729-45;
62. Jack Knight and James Johnson, "Aggregation and Deliberation: On the Possibility of Democratic Legitimacy," Political Theory 22 (May 1994): 277-96;
63. Vincent Price, Lilach Nir, and Joseph N. Capella, "Framing Public Discussion of Gay Civil Unions," Public Opinion Quarterly 69 (Summer 2005): 179-212;
64. Burgess, "Framing," and Walsh, Talking About Politics.
65. Price, Nir, and Capella, "Framing Public Discussion," 182.
66. See Burgess, "Framing," Wendy Cadge, "Vital Conflicts: The Mainline Denominations Debate Homosexuality/' in The Quiet Hand of God: Faith Based Activism and the Public Role of Mainline Protestantism, ed. Robert Wuthnow and John H. Evans (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), 265-86;
67. Coffin, "Moral Deliberation," and Laura R. Olson and Wendy Cadge, "Talking About Homosexuality: The Views of Mainline Protestant Clergy," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41 (March 2002): 153-67.
68. Price, Nir, and Capella, "Framing Public Discussion"; Walsh, Talking About Politics,
69. and Button and Mattson, "Deliberative Democracy in Practice."
70. Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit,
71. and Paul A. Djupe, Laura R. Olson, and Christopher R Gilbert, "Whether to Adopt Statements on Homosexuality in Two Denominations," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 45 (December 2006): 609-21.
72. Sunstein, "Group Polarization."
73. Djupe, Olson, and Gilbert, "Two Denominations," and Olson and Cadge, "Talking About Homosexuality"
74. Jeffrey K. Hadden, The Gathering Storm in the Churches (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969);
75. and Olson and Cadge, "Talking About Homosexuality"
76. Olson and Cadge, "Talking About Homosexuality."
77. Djupe, Olson, and Gilbert, "Two Denominations."
78. Jacob R. Neiheisel, Paul A. Djupe, Anand E. Sokhey and Franklyn C. Niles, "Quick Bar the Gates! Issue 1 and Religious Communities," Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the APSA, Washington, DC (2005).
79. Coffin, "Moral Deliberation"; and Djupe, Olson, and Gilbert, "Two Denominations."
80. Ryfe, "Does Deliberative Democracy Work?"
81. Paul A. Djupe and Christopher P Gilbert, "What's Important? The Determinants of Church Member Issue Agendas," Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the WPSA, Portland, OR (2004);
82. and Paul A. Djupe and Laura R. Olson, "Sermons in a Difference Voice? Gendered Clergy Effects on Public Opinion," Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the SSSR, Portland, OR (2006).
83. See Paul A. Djupe and Christopher R Gilbert, "The Political Voice of Clergy," The Journal of Politics 64 (May 2002): 596-609;
84. Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit,
85. and James L. Guth, John C. Green, Corwin E. Smidt, Lyman A. Kellstedt, and Margaret M. Poloma, The Bully Pulpit: The Politics of Protestant Clergy (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1997).
86. Ryfe, "Does Deliberative Democracy Work?" 63; see also Mendelberg, "The Deliberative Citizen."
87. Ernest Q. Campbell and Thomas F. Pettigrew, Christians in Racial Crisis: A Study of the Little Rock Ministry (Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1959);
88. Hadden, The Gathering Storm;
89. Harold E. Quinley, The Prophetic Clergy: Social Activism Among Protestant Ministers (New York: Wiley, 1974);
90. and Guth et al., The Bully Pulpit.
91. Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit.
92. Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit;
93. and Guth et al., The Bully Pulpit.
94. See Coffin, "Moral Deliberation" and Perrin, "Political Microcultures." Coffin, too, used an "empirical survey" administered to the congregations in his study
95. Mark Chaves, Mary Ellen Konieczny, Kraig Beyerlein, and Emily Barman, "The National Congregations Study: Background, Methods, and Selected Results," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 38 (December 1999): 458-76.
96. Corwin E. Smidt, ed., Pulpit and Politics: Clergy in American Politics at the Advent of the Millenium (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2004).
97. Dale E. Jones, Sherri Doty Clifford Grammich, James E. Horsch, Richard Houseal, Mac Lynn, John P Marcum, Kenneth M. Sanchagrin, Richard H. Taylor, eds. Religious Congregations & Membership in the United States 2000: An Enumeration by Region, State, and County Based on Data Reported for 149 Religious Bodies (Nashville, TN: Glenmary Research Center, 2002).
98. See Robert E Bales, Social Interaction Systems: Theory and Measurement (New Bruswick, NJ: Transition, 2002);
99. Lawrence R. Frey, ed. Group Communication In Context: Studies of Bona Fide Groups, 2nd edn. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003),
100. Donald W Klopf, "The Components of Small Group Interaction," Communication 3 (July 1974): 32-52;
101. and John M. Levine and Richard L. Moreland, "Progress in Small Group Research," Annual Review of Psychology 41 (January 1990): 585-634.
102. Damodar N. Gujarati, Basic Econometrics, 4th edn. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003).
103. Lyman A. Kellstedt and John C. Green, "Knowing God's Many People: Denominational Preference and Political Behavior," in Rediscovering the Religious Factor in American Politics, ed. David C. Leege and Lyman A. Kellstedt (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993).
104. Paul A. Djupe and Christopher R Gilbert, "The Local Roots of Aggregate Opinion Structures," Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the APSA, Chicago, IL (2004).
105. See Campbell and Pettigrew, Racial Crisis;
106. Robert Booth Fowler, Allen D. Hertzke, Laura R. Olson, and Kevin R. Den Dulk, Religion and Politics in America: Faith, Culture, and Strategic Choices, 3rd edn. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004);
107. Guth et al., The Bully Pulpit;
108. Hadden, The Gathering Storm;
109. Quinley, The Prophetic Clergy;
110. and Kenneth D. Wald, Religion and Politics in the United States, 4th edn. (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003).
111. See James Anderson, "The Lesbian and Gay Liberation Movement in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), 1974-1996
112. ," Journal of Homosexuality 34 (Spring 1997): 37-65;
113. Cadge, "Vital Conflicts";
114. Djupe, Olson, and Gilbert, "Two Denominations";
115. Olson and Cadge, "Talking About Homosexuality";
116. and James R. Wood and Jon R Bloch, "The Role of Church Assemblies in Building a Civil Society: The Case of the United Methodist General Conference on Homosexuality," Sociology of Religion 56 (Summer 1995): 121-36.
117. Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit.
118. Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit.
119. Neiheisel et al., "Quick Bar the Gates!"
120. Paul A. Djupe and Franklyn C. Niles, "Prophets in the Wilderness: An Ecology of Ministerial Organization Representation in Public Affairs," Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the WPSA, Las Vegas (2007).
121. See Campbell and Pettigrew, Racial Crisis;
122. Quinley, The Prophetic Clergy;
123. and Hadden, The Gathering Storm.
124. Robert Huckfeldt and John Sprague, Citizens, Politics, and Social Communications: Information and Influence in an Election Campaign (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995); see also Djupe and Gilbert, "The Political Voice of Clergy"
125. Mutz, "Cross-Cutting."
126. See Campbell and Pettigrew, Racial Crisis;
127. Quinley, The Prophetic Clergy;
128. Hadden, The Gathering Storm;
129. and Guth et al., The Bully Pulpit.
130. See Djupe and Gilbert, The Prophetic Pulpit;
131. and Djupe and Gilbert, "The Political Voice of Clergy."