Prevalence and infection load dynamics of Rickettsia felis in actively feeding cat fleas

PLoS ONE

Volumn 3, Issue 7, 2008, Pages

  Reif, Kathryn E ^a   Stout, Rhett W ^a   Henry, Gretchen C ^a   Foil, Lane D ^a   Macaluso, Kevin R ^a  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENOMIC DNA; RNA 18S;

ACCURACY; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL METABOLISM; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; CAT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CTENOCEPHALIDES; DISEASE CARRIER; DNA ISOLATION; ECOLOGY; FEMALE; FLEA; HYPOTHESIS; MALE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; PREVALENCE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RICKETTSIA FELIS; RICKETTSIOSIS; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN BLOTTING; ANIMAL; BACTERIAL PHENOMENA AND FUNCTIONS; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; DNA SEQUENCE; KINETICS; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; PLASMID; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TIME;

CTENOCEPHALIDES FELIS; FELIS; RICKETTSIA FELIS; SIPHONAPTERA (FLEAS);

ANIMALS; BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY; CATS; ECOLOGY; FEMALE; FLEAS; KINETICS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PLASMIDS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RICKETTSIA FELIS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 18S; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 50949130142     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002805     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Azad AF, Radulovic S, Higgins JA, Noden BH, Troyer JM (1997) Flea-borne rickettsioses: ecologic considerations. Emerg Infect Dis 3: 319-327.
2. Schriefer ME, Sacci JB Jr, Dumler JS, Bullen MG, Azad AF (1994) Identification of a novel rickettsial infection in a patient diagnosed with murine typhus. J Clin Microbiol 32: 949-954.
3. Adams JR, Schmidtmann ET, Azad AF (1990) Infection of colonized cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), with a rickettsia-like microorganism. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 400-409.
4. Azad AF, Sacci JB Jr, Nelson WM, Dasch GA, Schmidtmann ET, et al. (1992) Genetic characterization and transovarial transmission of a typhus-like rickettsia found in cat fleas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 43-46.
5. Wedincamp J Jr, Foil LD (2002) Vertical transmission of Rickettsia felis in the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche). J Vector Ecol 27: 96-101.
6. Wedincamp J Jr, Foil LD (2000) Infection and seroconversion of cats exposed to cat flew (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche) infected with Rickettsia felis. J Vector Ecol 25: 123-126.
7. Henry KM, Jiang J, Rozmajzl PJ, Azad AF, Macaluso KR, et al. (2007) Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays to detect Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever. Mol Cell Probes 21: 17-23.
8. Williams SG, Sacci JB Jr, Schriefer ME, Andersen EM, Fujioka KK, et al. (1992) Typhus and typhuslike rickettsiae associated with opossums and their fleas in Los Angeles County, California. J Clin Microbiol 30: 1758-1762.
9. Pornwiroon W, Pourciau SS, Foil LD, Macaluso KR (2006) Rickettsia felis from cat fleas: isolation and culture in a tick-derived cell line. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 5589-5595.
10. Macaluso KR, Pornwiroon W, Popov VL, Foil LD (2008) Identification of Rickettsia felis in the salivary glands of cat fleas. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8.
11. Stevenson HL, Labruna MB, Montenieri JA, Kosoy MY, Gage KL, et al. (2005) Detection of Rickettsia felis in a New World flea species, Anamiopsyllus nudata (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae). J Med Entomol 42: 163-167.
12. Rolain JM, Stuhl L, Maurin M, Raoult D (2002) Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibilities of three rickettsial species including Rickettsia felis by a quantitative PCR DNA assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46: 2747-2751.
13. Zanetti AS, Pornwiroon W, Kearney MT, Macaluso KR (2008) Characterization of rickettsial infection in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Med Entomol 45.
14. Dryden MW (1989) Host association, on-host longevity and egg production of Ctenocephalides felis felis. Vet Parasitol 34: 117-122.
15. Dryden MW, Rust MK (1994) The cat flea: biology, ecology and control. Vet Parasitol 52: 1-19.
16. Rust MK, Dryden MW (1997) The biology, ecology, and management of the cat flea. Annu Rev Entomol 42: 451-473.
17. Foil L, Andress E, Freeland RL, Roy AF, Rutledge R, et al. (1998) Experimental infection of domestic cats with Bartonella henselae by inoculation or Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) feces. J Med Entomol 35: 625-628.
18. Truett GE, Heeger P, Mynatt RI, Truett AA, Walker JA, et al. (2000) Preparation of PCR-quality mouse genomic DNA with hot sodium hydroxide and tris (HotSHOT). Biotechniques 29: 52-54.
19. Pornwiroon W, Kearney MT, Husseneder C, Foil LD, Macaluso KR (2007) Comparative microbiota of Rickettsia felis-uninfected and -infected colonized cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis. ISME J 1: 394-402.
20. Horigane M, Ogihara K, Nakajima Y, Honda H, Taylor D (2007) Identification and expression analysis of an actin gene from the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 64: 186-199.
21. Ogata H, Renesto P, Audic S, Robert C, Blanc G, et al. (2005) The genome sequence of Rickettsia felis identifies the first putative conjugative plasmid in an obligate intracellular parasite. PLoS Biol 3: e248.
22. Noden BH, Radulovic S, Higgins JA, Azad AF (1998) Molecular identification of Rickettsia typhi and R. felis in co-infected Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol 35: 410-414.
23. Dobson SL, Bourtzis K, Braig HR, Jones BF, Zhou W, et al. (1999) Wolbachia infections are distributed throughout insect somatic and germ line tissues. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 29: 153-160.
24. Cheng Q Ruel TD, Zhou W, Moloo SK, Majiwa P, et al. (2000) Tissue distribution and prevalence of Wolbachia infections in tsetse flies, Glossina spp. Med Vet Entomol 14: 44-50.
25. Parola, P, Sanogo OY, Lerdthusnee K, Zeaiter Z, Chauvancy G, et al. (2003) Identification of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. from the Thai-Myanmar border. Ann NY Acad Sci 990: 173-181.
26. Jiang J, Soeatmadji DW, Henry KM, Ratiwayanto S, Bangs MJ, et al. (2006) Rickettsia felis in Xenopylla cheopis, Java, Indonesia. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1281-1283.
27. Bitam I, Parola P, De La Cruz KD, Matsumoto K, Baziz B, et al. (2006) First molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in fleas from Algeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 532-535.
28. Schloderer D, Owen H, Clark P, Stenos J, Fenwick SG (2006) Rickettsia felis in fleas, Western Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 841-843.
29. Zavala-Velazquez JE, Zavala-Castro JE, Vado-Solis I, Ruiz-Sosa JA, Moron CG, et al. (2002) Identification of Ctenocephalides felis, fleas as a host of Rickettsia felis, the agent of a spotted fever-rickettsiosis in Yucatan, Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2: 69-75.
30. Rolain JM, Franc M, Davoust B, Raoult D (2003) Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana, B. koehlerae, B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Rickettsia felis, and Wolbachia pipientis in cat fleas, France. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 338-342.
31. Bauer O, Baneth G, Eshkol T, Shaw SE, Harrus S (2006) Polygenic detection of Rickettsia felis in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 444-448.
32. Boostrom A, Beier MS, Macaluso JA, Macaluso KR, Sprenger D, et al. (2002) Geographic association of Rickettsia felis-infected opossums with human murine typhus, Texas. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 549-554.
33. Higgins JA, Sacci JB Jr, Schriefer ME, Endris RG, Azad AF (1994) Molecular identification of rickettsia-like microorganisms associated with colonized cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). Insect Mol Biol 3: 27-33.
34. Fry AJ, Palmer MR, Rand DM (2004) Variable fitness effects of Wolbachia infection in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 93: 379-389.
35. Werren JH (1997) Biology of Wolbachia. Annu Rev Entomol 42: 587-609.
36. Gorham CH, Fang QQ, Durden LA (2003) Wolbachia endosymbionts in fleas (Siphonaptera). J Parasitol 89: 283-289.
37. Macaluso KR, Sonenshine DE, Ceraul SM, Azad AF (2001) Infection and transovarial transmission of rickettsiae in Dermacentor variabilis ticks acquired by artificial feeding. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 1: 45-53.
38. Macaluso KR, Sonenshine DE, Ceraul SM, Azad AF (2002) Rickettsial infection in Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) inhibits transovarial transmission of a second Rickettsia. J Med Entomol 39: 809-813.