Characteristics of cannabis users seeking treatment in São Paulo, Brazil

Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 384-393

  Jungerman, Flávia Serebrenic ^a,b   Laranjeira, Ronaldo ^c  

^a Säo Paulo Federal University ^*

^b NONE   (Brazil)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Brazil; Marijuana; Marijuana abuse; Marijuana dependence; Substance abuse treatment centers

Indexed keywords

COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISEASE TREATMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HERB; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; SMOKING; SYMPTOM;

BRAZIL; SAO PAULO [BRAZIL]; SOUTH AMERICA;

CANNABIS; CANNABIS SATIVA;

EID: 49949094353     PISSN: 10204989     EISSN: 16805348     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S1020-49892008000600003     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Hall W, Solowij N. Adverse effects of cannabis. Lancet. 1998;352(9140):1611-6.
2. Hall W, Johnston L, Donnelly N. The epidemiology of cannabis use and its consequences. In: Kalant H, Corrigall W, Hall W, Smart R, eds. The health effects of cannabis. Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; 1999. Pp. 71-125.
3. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2007. [Internet site]. Available from: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and- analysis/WDR-2007.html. Accessed 20 October 2007.
4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. National survey on drug use and health-2004. [Internet site]. http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/ 2k4NSDUH/2k4results/2k4results.htm. Accessed 20 October 2007.
5. Anthony JC, Warner LA, Kessler RC. Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances and inhabitants: basic findings from the National Comorbidity Study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994;2;244-68.
6. Hall W, Degenhardt L. Prevalence and correlates of cannabis use in developed and developing countries. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007;20(4):393-7.
7. Hall W, Solowij N, Lemon J. The health and psychological consequences of cannabis use. Canberra: Australian Government Publication Service; 1994. (National Drug Strategy Monograph Series No. 25).
8. Kandel D, Chen K, Warner LA, Kessler RC, Grant B. Prevalence and demographic correlates of symptoms of last year dependence on alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and cocaine in the U.S. population. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997;44(1):11-29.
9. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Does cannabis use encourage other forms of illicit drug use? Addiction. 2000;95(4):505-20.
10. Galduróz J, Dias JC. Epidemiologia do uso da maconha no Brasil. In: Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria. Revisão científica: maconha e sa-de mental, 10 June 2005. [Internet site]. Available at: http://www.abpbrasil.org.br/departamentos/coordenadores/ coordenador/noticias/?not=79&dep=62. Accessed on 6 November 2007.
11. Galduróz JCF, Noto AR, Fonseca A, Carlini EA. V Levantamento nacional sobre o consumo de drogas psicotrópicas entre estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio da rede pblica de ensino nas 27 capitais brasileiras, 2004. São Paulo: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (UNIFESP/CEBRID); 2005. Available online at: http://www.cehrid.epm.br/ levantamento_brasil2/index.htm.
12. Chile, Ministerio del Interior, Consejo Nacional para el Control de Estupefacientes (CONACE). Quinto informe anual sobre la situación de drogas en Chile. Santiago: CONACE; 2005. Available at: http://www.conacedrogas. cl/inicio/pdf/Obser_ok.pdf. Accessed 9 October 2006.
13. Organization of American States, InterAmerican Drug Abuse Control Commission (OAS/CICAD). Comparative report on nationwide school surveys in seven countries: El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Dominican Republic, and Uruguay, 2003. Washington, D.C.: OAS/CICAD; 2004. Available at: http://www.cicad.oas.org/oid/Estadisticas/resumen2004/SIDUC/ INFORME%20COMPARATIVO%207%20PAISES%20ENG7o20r1.pdf. Accessed 9 October 2006.
14. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Cannabis; Introduction: the changing picture of cannabis use in Europe. [Internet site]. Available from http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/online/ ar2007/en/cannabis. Accessed 1 April 2008.
15. U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). NIDA infofacts: high school and youth trends. [Internet site]. Available from http://www.drugabuse.gov/infofax/hsyouthtrends.html. Accessed 9 October 2006.
16. Carlini EA, Galduróz JCF, Noto AR, Nappo SA. I levantamento domiciliar sobre o uso de drogas psicotrópicas no Brasil, 2001. São Paulo: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (UNIFESP/CEBRID); 2002. Available online at: http://www.unifesp.br/dpsicobio/cebrid/levantamento brasil/parte_1.pdf
17. Rodriguez Ospina E. Estudio nacional sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en Colombia 1996. Bogotá: Editorial Carrera 7a Ltda; 1997.
18. McRae AL, Budney AJ, Brady KT. Treatment of marijuana dependence: a review of the literature. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003;24(4):369-76.
19. Murray RM, Morrison PD, Henquet C, Di Forti M. Cannabis, the mind and society: the hash realities. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007;8(11):885-95.
20. Hall W, Babor T. Cannabis use and public health: assessing the burden [editorial]. Addiction. 2000; 95(4):485-90.
21. Copeland J, Indig D. Patterns and correlates of treatment: Findings of the 2000-2001 NSW minimum dataset of clients of alcohol and other drug treatment treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2004;23(2):185-94.
22. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Annual report 2004: the state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway. Lisbon: EMCDDA; 2004. Available online from: http://ar2004.emcdda.europa.eu/ download/ar2004en.pdf
23. Urbanoski KA, Strike CJ, Rush BR. Individuals seeking treatment for cannabis-related problems in Ontario: demographic and treatment profile. Eur Addict Res. 2005;11(3): 115-23.
24. Stephens RS, Roffman RA. Adult marijuana dependence. In: Baer JS, Marlatt GA, McMahon RJ, eds. Addictive behaviors across the lifespan: prevention, treatment and policy issues. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications; 1993. Pp. 202-18.
25. Stephens RS, Roffman RA, Curtin L. Treating adult marijuana dependence: a test of the relapse prevention model. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994;62(1):92-9.
26. Stephens RS, Roffman RA, Curtin L. Comparison of extended versus brief treatments for marijuana use. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000; 68(5):898-908.
27. Stephens R, Babor T, Kadden R, Miller M; Marijuana Treatment Project Research Group. The Marijuana Treatment Project: rationale, design and participant characteristics. Addiction. 2002;97(Suppl 1):109-24.
28. Budney AJ, Higgins ST, Radonovich KJ, Novy PL. Adding voucher-based incentives to coping skills and motivational enhancement improves outcomes during treatment for marijuana dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(6):1051-61.
29. Copeland J, Swift W, Rees V. Clinical profile of participants in a brief intervention program for cannabis use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2001;20(1):45-52.
30. Lang E, Engelander M, Brooke T. Report of an integrated brief intervention with self-defined problem cannabis users. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2000;19(2):111-6.
31. Jungerman FS, Andreoni S, Laranjeira R. Short term impact of the same intensity but different duration interventions for cannabis users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;90(1-2):120-7.
32. Quintana, MI. Validade do composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI/OMS) versão 2.1 em serviços de saúde mental no Brasil. São Paulo; s.n; 2005.173 pp. Apresentada a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medidna. Curso de Psiquiatria para obtenção do grau de Doutor.
33. Wender P. Wender Utah rating scale: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995.
34. Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Time-line follow back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. In: Allen JP, Litten RZ, eds. Measuring alcohol consumption: psychosocial and biochemical methods. Totawa, New Jersey: Humana Press; 1992. Pp. 41-72.
35. Hudziak JJ, Helzer JE, Wetzel MW, Kessel KB, McGee B, Janea A, et al. The use of the DSM-III-R Checklist for initial diagnostic assessment. Compr Psychiatry. 1993;34(6):375-83.
36. Budney AJ, Novy PL, Hughes JR. Marijuana withdrawal among adults seeking treatment or marijuana dependence. Addiction. 1999; 94(9):1311-22.
37. Budney AJ, Hughes JR, Moore BA, Vandrey R. Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(11):1967-77.
38. Copeland J, Swift W, Roffman R, Stephens R. A randomized controlled trial of brief cognitivebehavioral interventions for cannabis use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2001;21(2): 55-64.
39. Budney AJ, Moore BA, Rocha HL, Higgins ST. Clinical trial of abstinence-based vouchers and cognitive-behavioral therapy for cannabis dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006; 74(2):307-16.
40. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lynskey MT, Madden PA. Early reactions to cannabis predict later dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(10):1033-9.
41. Ridenour TA, Maldonado-Molina M, Compton WM, Spitznagel EL, Cottier LB. Factors associated with the transition from abuse to dependence among substance abusers: implications for a measure of addictive liability. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;80(1);1-14.