The relative importance of resources and natural enemies in determining herbivore abundance: Thistles, tephritids and parasitoids

Journal of Animal Ecology

Volumn 77, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1063-1071

  Walker, Matthew ^a   Hartley, Susan E ^b   Jones, T Hefin ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^c CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bottom up; Interactions; Tephritidae; Top down; Tritrophic

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; DICOTYLEDON; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FLY; HERBIVORE; HOST PLANT; HOST-PARASITOID INTERACTION; NATURAL ENEMY; OVIPOSITION; PARASITISM; PARASITOID; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; TRITROPHIC INTERACTION;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOMASS; CIRSIUM; FERTILIZATION; FLOWER; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; LARVA; PARASITOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT LEAF; POPULATION DENSITY; TEPHRITIDAE;

ANIMALS; BIOMASS; CIRSIUM; FERTILIZATION; FLOWERS; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; LARVA; PLANT LEAVES; POPULATION DENSITY; TEPHRITIDAE;

CIRSIUM; CIRSIUM ARVENSE; DIPTERA; HEXAPODA; HYMENOPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE;

EID: 49649129871     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: 13652656     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01406.x     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Abrahamson, W.G. Weis, A.E. (1997) Evolutionary Ecology Across Three Trophic Levels. Monographs in Population Biology No. 29. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
2. Allen, S.E. (1989) Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials, 2nd edn. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
3. Anderson, S.S., McCrea, K.D., Abrahamson, W.G. Hartzel, L.M. (1989) Host genotype choice by the ball gallmaker Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Ecology, 70, 1048 1054.
4. Aquilino, K.M., Cardinale, B.J. Ives, A.R. (2005) Reciprocal effects of host plant and natural enemy diversity on herbivore suppression: an empirical study of a model tritrophic system. Oikos, 108, 275 282.
5. Bailey, J.K. Whitham, T.C. (2006) Interactions between cottonwood and beavers positively effect sawfly abundance. Ecological Entomology, 31, 294 297.
6. Beckerman, A.P., Uriate, M. Schmitz, O.J. (1997) Experimental evidence for a behaviour-mediated trophic cascade in a terrestrial food chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 10735 10738.
7. Bentz, J., Reeves. J., Barbosa, P. Francis, B. (1996) The effect of nitrogen fertiliser applied to Euphorbia pulcherrima on the parasitisation of Bemisia argentifolii by the parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 78, 105 110.
8. Bergelson, J.M. Lawton, J.H. (1988) Does foliage damage influence predation on the insect herbivores of birch? Ecology, 69, 434 445.
9. Chesson, O.L. Murdoch, W.W. (1986) Aggregation of risk: relationships among host-parasitoid models. American Naturalist, 127, 696 715.
10. Clancy, K.M. Price, P.W. (1987) Rapid herbivore growth enhances enemy attack - sublethal plant defenses remain a paradox. Ecology, 68, 733 737.
11. Cloyd, R.A. Sadof, C.S. (2000) Effects of plant architecture on the attack rate of Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the citrus mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Environmental Entomology, 29, 535 541.
12. Cornelissen, T. Stiling, A. (2006) Does low nutrititional quality act as a plant defence? An experimental test of the slow-growth, high mortality hypothesis. Ecological Entomology, 31, 32 40.
13. Crawley, M.J. (1993) GLIM for Ecologists. Methods in Ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
14. De Moraes, C.M., Lewis, W.J., Pare, P.W., Alborn, H.T. Tumlinson, J.H. (1998) Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids. Nature, 393, 570 573.
15. Denno, R.F., Gratton, C., Peterson, M.A., Langellotto, G.A., Finke, D.L. Huberty, A.F. (2002) Bottom-up forces mediate natural-enemy impact in a phytophagous insect community. Ecology, 83, 1443 1458.
16. Dyer, L.A. Letourneau, D.K. (1999) Relative strengths of top-down and bottom-up forces in a tropical forest community. Oecologia, 119, 265 274.
17. Dyer, L.A. Stireman, J.O. (2003) Community-wise trophic cascades and other indirect interactions in an agricultural community. Basic and Applied Ecology, 4, 423 432.
18. Eubanks, M.D. Denno, R.F. (2000) Health food versus fast food: the effects of prey quality and mobility on prey selection by a generalist predator and indirect interactions among prey species. Ecological Entomology, 25, 140 146.
19. Faeth, S.H., Mopper, S. Simberloff, D. (1981) Abundance and diversity of leaf mining insects on three oak species: effects of host-plant phenology, nutrition and geographic range. Oikos, 37, 238 251.
20. Fagundes, M., Neves, F.S. Wilson, G. (2005) Direct and indirect interactions involving ants, insect herbivores, parasitoids and the host plant Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae). Ecological Entomology, 30, 28 35.
21. Feeny, P.P. (1970) Seasonal changes in oak leaf tannins and nutrients as a cause of spring feeding by winter moth caterpillars. Ecology, 51, 565 581.
22. Feeny, P.P. (1976) Plant apparency and chemical defense. Biochemical Interactions Between Plants and Insects (eds J. Wallace R. Mansell). Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, 10, pp. 1 40. Plenum, New York.
23. Finke, D.L. Denno, R.F. (2004) Predator diversity dampens trophic cascades. Nature, 429, 407 410.
24. Fondriest, S.M. Price, P.W. (1996) Oviposition site respource quantity and larval establishment for Orellia occidentalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Cirsium wheeleri. Environmental Entomology, 25, 321 326.
25. Fonesca, C.R., Prado, P.I., Almeida-Neto, M., Kubota, U. Lewinsohn, T.M. (2005) Flower-heads, herbivores and their parasitoids: food web structure along a fertility gradient. Ecological Entomology, 30, 36 46.
26. Forkner, R.E. Hunter, M.D. (2000) What goes up must come down? Nutrient addition and predation pressure on oak herbivores. Ecology, 81, 1588 1600.
27. Fox, L.R., Letourneau, D.K., Eisenbach, J. van Nouhuys, S. (1990) Parasitism rates and sex ratios of a parasitoids wasp: effects of herbivory and plant quality. Oecologia, 83, 414 419.
28. Gingras, D. Boivin, G. (2002) Effect of plant structure, host density and foraging duration on host finding by Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology, 31, 1153 1157.
29. Gingras, D., Dutilleul, P. Boivin, G. (2002) Modelling the impact of plant structure on host-finding behaviour of parasitoids. Oecologia, 130, 396 402.
30. Gratton, C. Denno, R.F. (2003) Inter-year carryover effects of a nutrient pulse on Spartina plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Ecology, 84, 2692 2707.
31. Harmon, J.P., Hladilek, E.E., Hinton, J.L., Stodola, T.J. Andow, D.A. (2003) Herbivore response to vegetational diversity: spatial interaction of resources and natural enemies. Population Ecology, 45, 75 81.
32. Hartley, S.E. Gardner, S.M. (1995) The response of Philaenus spumarius (Homoptera: Cercopidae) to fertilizing and shading its moorland host-plant (Calluna vulgaris). Ecological Entomology, 20, 396 399.
33. Hartley, S.E. Jones, C.G. (1997) Plant chemistry and herbivory: or why the world is green. Plant Ecology, 2nd edn (ed. M.J. Crawley), pp. 284 324. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
34. Hassell, M.P. (2000) The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Host-Parasitoid Interactions. Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press.
35. Hassell, M.P. May, R.M. (1988) Spatial heterogeneity and the dynamics of parasitoid-host systems. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 25, 55 61.
36. Headrick, D.H. Goeden, R.D. (1998) The biology of nonfrugivorous tephritid fruit flies. Annual Review of Entomology, 43, 217 241.
37. Hinds, A.E. Lowe, L.E. (1980) Application of the Bertholet reaction to the determination of ammonium-N in soil extracts and soil digests. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 11, 469 475.
38. Hunter, M.D. Price, P.W. (1992) Playing chutes and ladders - heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology, 73, 724 732.
39. Jones, T.H., Godfray, H.C.J. Hassell, M.P. (1996) Relative movement patterns of a tephritid fly and its parasitoid wasps. Oecologia, 106, 317 324.
40. Jones, T.H., Hassell, M.P. Godfray, H.C.J. (1997) Host-multiparasitoid interactions. Multitrophic Interactions in Terrestrial Systems. 36th Symposium of the British Ecological Society (eds A.C. Gange V.K. Brown), pp. 257 276. Blackwell, Oxford.
41. Karban, R. (1989) Community organisation of Erigeron glaucus folivores: effect of competition, predation and host plant. Ecology, 70, 1028 1039.
42. Kerslake, J. Hartley, S.E. (1997) Phenology of winter moth feeding on common heather: effects of source population and experimental manipulation of hatch dates. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66, 375 385.
43. Kressler, A. Baldwin, I.T. (2001) Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature. Science, 291, 2141 2144.
44. McNeill, S. Southwood, T.R.E. (1978) The role of nitrogen in the development of insect/plant relationships. Biochemical Aspects of Plant Animal Coevolution (ed. J.D. Harborne) Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society Symposium, Vol. 15, pp. 77 98. Academic Press, London.
45. Munch, S.B., Snover, M.L., Watters, G.M. Mangel, M. (2005) A unified treatment of top-down and bottom-up control of reproduction in populations. Ecology Letters, 8, 691 695.
46. Polis, G.A. (1994) Food webs, trophic cascades and community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology, 19, 121 136.
47. Price, P.W. (1991) The plant vigor hypothesis and herbivore attack. Oikos, 62, 244 251.
48. Quinn, J.F. Dunham, A.E. (1983) On hypothesis testing in ecology and evolution. American Naturalist, 122, 602 617.
49. Redfern, M., Jones, T.H. Hassell, M.P. (1992) Heterogeneity and density-dependence in a field study of a tephritid-parasitoid interaction. Ecological Entomology, 17, 255 262.
50. Richmond, D.S., Kunkel, B.A., Somasekhar, N. Grewal, P.S. (2004) Top-down and bottom-up regulation of herbivores: Spodoptera frugiperda turns tables on endophyte-mediated plant defence and virulence of an entomopathogenic nematode. Ecological Entomology, 29, 353 360.
51. Rivero-Lynch, A.P. Jones, T.H. (1993) The choice of oviposition site by Terellia ruficauda on Cirsium palustre. Acta Oecologia, 14, 643 651.
52. Römstock-Völkl, M. (1990) Host refuges and spatial patterns of parasitism in an endophytic host parasitoid system. Ecological Entomology, 15, 321 331.
53. Rowland, A.P. (1983) An automated method for the determination of ammonium N in ecological methods. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 13, 49 63.
54. Schmitz, O.J. Booth, G. (1997) Modelling food web complexity: the consequences of individual-based, spatially explicit behavioural ecology on trophic. Evolutionary Ecology, 11, 379 398.
55. Singer, M.S. Stireman, J.O. (2005) The tri-trophic niche concept and adaptive radiation of phytophagous insects. Ecology Letters, 8, 1247 1255.
56. Solbreck, C. Sillén-Tullberg, B. (1986) Seed production and seed predation in a patchy and time-varying environment - dynamics of a milkweed tephritid fly system. Oecologia, 71, 51 58.
57. Straw, N.A. (1989) Taxonomy, attack strategies and host relations in flowerhead Tephritidae: a review. Ecological Entomology, 14, 455 462.
58. Straw, N.A. (1991) Resource limitation of tephritid flies on lesser burdock, Arctium minus (hill) Bernh. (Compositae). Oecologia, 86, 492 502.
59. Vanbergen, A.J., Hails, R.S., Watt, A.D. Jones, T.H. (2006) Consequences for host-parasitoid interactions of grazing-dependent habitat heterogeneity. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75, 789 801.
60. Walker, M. Jones, T.H. (2001) Relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in tritrophic systems. Are the data adequate? Oikos, 93, 177 187.
61. Waring, C.L. Cobb, N.S. (1992) The impact of plant stress on herbivore population dynamics. Insect-Plant Interactions (ed E.A. Bernays), Vol. 4, pp. 168 215. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
62. Waterman, P.G. Mole, S. (1994) Analysis of Phenolic Plant Metabolites. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
63. Watt, A.D. (1987) The effect of shoot growth stage of Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris on the growth and survival of Panolis flamea larvae. Oecologia, 72, 429 433.
64. Weis, A.E., Walton, R. Crego, C.L. (1988) Reactive plant tissue sites and the population biology of gall makers. Annual Review of Entomology, 33, 467 486.
65. White, T.C.R. (1984) The abundance of insect herbivores in relation to the availability of nitrogen in stressed food plants. Oecologia, 63, 90 105.
66. Williams, I.S. (1999) Slow-growth, high-mortality - a general hypothesis, or is it? Ecological Entomology, 24, 490 495.
67. Williams, I.S., Jones, T.H. Hartley, S.E. (2001) The role of resources and natural enemies in determining the distribution of an insect herbivore population. Ecological Entomology, 26, 204 211.
68. Zwölfer, H. (1988) Evolutionary and ecological relationships of the insect fauna of thistles. Annual Review of Entomology, 33, 103 122.