Relative strengths of top-down and bottom-up forces in a tropical forest community

Oecologia

Volumn 119, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 265-274

  Dyer, Lee A ^a,b   Letourneau, Deborah K ^a,b  

^a Forensic Investigation Research Station   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Ant plant; Piper; Soil nutrients; Trophic cascade; Tropical forest

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INSECT; MYRMECOPHYTE; TROPHIC CASCADE; TROPICAL FOREST;

PIPER CENOCLADUM;

EID: 0032939126     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004420050785     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abrams P, Menge B, Mittelbach GG, Spiller D, Yodzis P (1995) The role of indirect effects in food webs. In: Polis GA, Winemiller KO (eds) Food webs: integration of pattern and dynamics. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp 371-395
2. Burger W (1971) Flora Costaricensis. Field Bot 35:1-227
3. Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF (1993) The trophic cascade in lakes. Cambridge University Press, New York
4. Dial R, Roughgarden J (1995) Experimental removal of insectivores from rain forest canopy: direct and indirect effects. Ecology 76:1821-1834
5. Diehl S (1993) Relative consumer sizes and the strength of direct and indirect interactions in omnivorous feeding relationships. Oikos 68:151-157
6. Floyd T (1996) Top-down impacts on creosotebush herbivores in a spatially and temporally complex environment. Ecology 77:1544-1555
7. Fretwell SD (1977) The regulation of plant communities by food chains exploiting them. Perspect Biol Med 20:169-185
8. Fretwell SD (1987) Food chain dynamics: the central theory of ecology? Oikos 50:291-301
9. Getz WM (1991) A unified approach to multispecies modeling. Nat Resource Model 5:393-421
10. Greig N (1993) Predispersal seed predation on five Piper species in a tropical rainforest. Oecologia 93:412-420
11. Hairston NG Jr, Hairston NG Sr (1997) Does food web complexity eliminate trophic-level dynamics? Am Nat 149:1001-1007
12. Hairston NG, Smith FE, Slobodkin LB (1960) Community structure, population control, and competition. Am Nat 94:421-424
13. Hartshorn GS, Hammel BE (1994) Vegetation types and floristic patterns. In: McDade LA, Bawa KS, Hespenheide HA, Hartshorn GS (eds) La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 73-89
14. Hunter MD, Price PW (1992) Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology 73:724-732
15. Hurlbert SH (1984) Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol Monogr 54:187-211
16. Lane PA (1985) A food web approach to mutualism in lake communities. In: Boucher DH (ed) The biology of mutualism. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 344-174
17. Law JH, Wilson EO, McCloskey JA (1965) Biochemical polymorphism in ants. Science 149:544-546
18. Leibold MA (1996) A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: trophic regulation of abundance, incidence, and diversity patterns in communities. Am Nat 147:784-812
19. Letourneau DK (1983) Passive aggression: an alternative hypothesis for the Piper-Pheidole association. Oecologia 60:122-126
20. Letourneau DK (1990) Code of ant-plant mutualism broken by parasite. Science 248:215-217
21. Letourneau DK (1998) Ants, stem-borers, and fungal pathogens: experimental tests of a fitness advantage in Piper ant-plants. Ecology 79:593-603
22. Letourneau DK, Dyer LA (1998a) Experimental test in lowland tropical forest shows top-down effects through four trophic levels. Ecology 79:1678-1687
23. Letourneau DK, Dyer LA (1998b) Density patterns of Piper antplants and associated arthropods: top predator trophic cascades in a terrestrial system? Biotropica 30:162-169
24. Lindeman RL (1942) The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23:399-418
25. Marquis RJ (1984) Leaf herbivores decrease fitness of a tropical plant. Science 226:537-539
26. Marquis RJ (1991) Herbivore fauna of Piper (Piperaceae) in a Costa Rican wet forest: diversity, specifity, and impact. In: Price PW, Lewinsohn TM, Fernandes GW, Benson WW (eds) Plant-animal interactions: evolutionary ecology in tropical and temperate regions. Wiley, New York, pp 179-208
27. Marquis RJ, Whelan CJ (1994) Insectivorous birds increase growth of white oak through consumption of leaf chewing insects. Ecology 75:2007-2014
28. Menge BA (1992) Community regulation: under what conditions are bottom-up factors important on rocky shores? Ecology 73:755-765
29. Menge BA (1997) Detection of direct versus indirect effects: were experiments long enough? Am Nat 149:801-823
30. Menge BA, Sutherland JP (1976) Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition, and temporal heterogeneity. Am Nat 110:351-369
31. Moen JH, Garfjell H, Oksanen L, Ericson L, Ekerholm P (1993) Grazing by food-limited microtine rodents on a productive experimental plant community: does the "green desert" exist? Oikos 68:401-413
32. Moran MD, Hurd LE (1998) A trophic cascade in a diverse arthropod community caused by a generalist arthropod predator. Oecologia 113:126-132
33. Moran MD, Rooney TP, Hurd LE (1996) Top-down cascade from a bitrophic predator in an old-field community. Ecology 77:2219-2227
34. Murdoch WW (1966) Community structure, population control, and competition. Am Nat 100:219-226
35. Numata A, Ibuka T (1987) Alkaloids from ants and other insects. In: Manske RHF, Rodrigo RGA (eds) The alkaloids, vol 31. Academic Press, New York, pp 193-237
36. Oksanen L (1988) Ecosystem organization: mutualism and cybernetics or plain darwinian struggle for existence? Am Nat 131:424-444
37. Oksanen L (1991) Trophic levels and trophic dynamics: a consensus emerging? Trends Ecol Evol 6:58-60
38. Oksanen L, Fretwell S, Arruda J, Niemela P (1981) Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. Am Nat 118:240-261
39. Polis GA, Strong DR (1996) Food web complexity and community dynamics. Am Nat 147:813-846
40. Polis GA, Winemiller KO (1996) Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics. Chapman & Hall, New York
41. Power ME (1992) Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs: do plants have primacy? Ecology 73:733-746
42. Risch S, McClure M, Vandermeer J, Waltz S (1977) Mutualism between three species of tropical Piper (Piperaceae) and their ant inhabitants. Am Midl Nat 98:433-444
43. Rosenheim JA, Wilhoit LR, Armer CA (1993) Influence of intraguild predation among generalist insect predators on the suppression of an herbivore population. Oecologia 96:439-449
44. Scheu S, Schaefer M (1998) Bottom-up control of the soil macrofauna community in a beechwood on limestone: manipulation of food resources. Ecology 79:1573-1585
45. Schmilz OJ (1992) Exploitation in model food chains with mechanistic consumer-resource dynamics. Theor Popul Biol 41:161-181
46. Schmilz OJ (1993) Trophic exploitation in grassland food chains: simple models and a field experiment. Oecologia 93:327-335
47. Schmilz OJ (1994) Resource edibility and trophic exploitation in an old-field food web. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5364-5367
48. Schoener TW (1993) On the relative importance of direct versus indirect effects in ecological communities. In: Kawanabe H, Cohen JE, Iwasaki K (eds) Mutualism and community organization: behavioral, theoretical, and food-web approaches. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 365-411
49. Slansky F (1993) Nutritional ecology: the fundamental quest for nutrients. In: Stamp NE, Casey TM (eds) Caterpillars: ecological and evolutionary constraints on foraging. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp 29-91
50. Slobodkin LB (1960) Ecological energy relationships at the population level. Am Nat 94:213-236
51. Sollins P, Sancho MF, Mata CR, Sanford R Jr (1994) Soils and soil process research. In: McDade LA, Bawa KS. Hespenheide HA, Hartshorn GS (eds) La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 34-53
52. Spiller DA, Schoener TW (1990) A terrestrial field experiment showing the impact of eliminating top predators in foliage damage. Nature 347:469-472
53. Spiller DA, Schoener TW (1994) Effects of top and intermediate predators in a terrestrial food web. Ecology 75:182-196
54. Strong DR (1992) Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73:747-754
55. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (1996) Using multivariate statistics, 3rd edn. Harper Collins, New York
56. Ullman JB (1996) Structural equation modeling. In: Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (eds) Using multivariate statistics, 3rd edn. Harper Collins, New York, pp 709-811
57. Underwood AJ (1996) Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
58. White TCR (1978) The importance of a relative shortage of food in animal ecology. Oecologia 33:71-86
59. Williams SL, Ruckelshaus MH (1993) Effects of nitrogen availability and herbivory on eelgrass (Zostera marina) and epiphytes. Ecology 74:904-918
60. Wootton JT (1994) Predicting direct and indirect effects: testing the independence of interactions among organisms. Ecology 75:1544-1551
61. Yodzis P (1988) The indeterminacy of ecological interactions as perceived through perturbation experiments. Ecology 69:508-515