Androgen receptor gene CAG repeats, estrogen exposure status, and breast cancer susceptibility

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 317-322

  Wu, Mei Hsuan ^a   Chou, Yu Ching ^a   Yu, Cheng Pung ^b   Yang, Tsan ^d   You, San Lin ^c   Chen, Chien Jen ^c   Sun, Chien An ^a  

^a NATIONAL DEFENSE MEDICAL CENTER   (Taiwan)

^b TRI SERVICE GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^c GENOMICS RESEARCH CENTER   (Taiwan)

^d MEIHO UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Androgen receptor; Breast cancer; CAG repeats; Estrogen exposure; Nested case control study

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; CAG REPEAT PROTEIN; ESTROGEN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; MICROSATELLITE DNA;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER RISK; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM; STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALLELE; BREAST TUMOR; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; NUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; PATHOLOGY; PROBABILITY; REGISTER; RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL MODEL; TAIWAN;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALLELES; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LOGISTIC MODELS; MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; MIDDLE AGED; ODDS RATIO; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; PROBABILITY; RECEPTORS, ANDROGEN; REGISTRIES; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES, NUCLEIC ACID; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; TAIWAN;

EID: 49649108560     PISSN: 09598278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e3282f75e7f     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Adams JB (1998). Adrenal androgens and human breast cancer: a new appraisal. Breast Cancer Res Treat 51:183-188.
2. Andrieu N, Goldgar DE, Easton DF, Rookus M, Brohet R, Antoniou AC, et al.; EMBRACE, GENEPSO, GEO-HEBON; IBCCS Collaborators Group. (2007). Pregnancies, breast-feeding, and breast cancer risk in the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study (IBCCS). J Natl Cancer Inst 98: 535-544.
3. Apter D (1996). Hormonal events during female puberty in relation to breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 5:476-482.
4. Chamberlain NL, Driver ED, Miesfeld RL (1994). The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function. Nucleic Acids Res 22:3181-3186.
5. Chen C, Lamharzi N, Weiss NS, Etzioni R, Dightman DA, Barnett M, et al. (2002). Androgen receptor polymorphisms and the incidence of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1033-1040.
6. Chen CJ, Lu SN, You SL, Wu MH, Wang LY, Lee LT, et al. (1995a). Communitybased hepatocellular carcinoma screening in seven townships in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 94 (Suppl 2):S94-S102.
7. Chen CJ, You SL, Pwu RF, Wang LY, Lin YP, Hsi GC, et al. (1995b). Communitybased cervical cancer screening in seven townships in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 94 (Suppl 2):S103-S111.
8. Colditz GA, Frazier AL (1995). Models of breast cancer show that risk is set by events of early life: prevention efforts must shift focus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 4:567-571.
9. Dorgan JF, Longcope C, Stephenson HE Jr, Falk RT, Miller R, Franz C, et al. (1996). Relation of prediagnostic serum estrogen and androgen levels to breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 5:533-539.
10. Dunning AM, McBride S, Gregory J, Durocher F, Foster NA, Healey CS, et al. (1999). No association between androgen or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 20:2131-2135.
11. Giguere Y, Dewailly E, Brisson J, Ayotte P, Laflamme N, Demers A, et al. (2002). Short polyglutamine tracts in the androgen receptor are protective against breast cancer in the general population. Cancer Res 61:5869-5874.
12. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Krithivas K, Brown M, Dahl D, Brufsky A, et al. (1997). The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94:3320-3323.
13. Hackenberg R, Schulz KD (1996). Androgen receptor mediated growth control of breast cancer and endometrial cancer modulated by antiandrogenand androgen-like steroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 56:113-117.
14. Haiman CA, Brown M, Hankinson SE, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Willett WC, et al. (2002). The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study. Cancer Res 62:1045-1049.
15. Ingles SA, Ross RK, Yu MC, Irvine RA, La Pera G, Haile RW, Coetzee GA (1997). Association of prostate cancer risk with genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor and androgen receptor. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:166-170.
16. Irvine RA, Ma H, Yu MC, Ross RK, Stallcup MR, Coetzee GA (2000). Inhibition of p160-mediated coactivation with increasing androgen receptor polyglutamine length. Hum Mol Genet 9:267-274.
17. Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Trifiro MA, Pinsky L (1995). Evidence for a repressive function of the long polyglutamine tract in the human androgen receptor: possible pathogenetic relevance for the (CAG) n-expanded neuronopathies. Hum Mol Genet 4:523-527.
18. Lipworth L (1995). Epidemiology of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 4:7-30.
19. Lubahn DB, Joseph DR, Sullivan PM, Willard HF, French FS, Wilson EM (1988). Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome. Science 240:327-330.
20. Maggiolini M, Donze O, Jeannin E, Ando S, Picard D (1999). Adrenal androgens stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells as direct activators of estrogen receptor alpha. Cancer Res 59:4864-4869.
21. Menin C, Banna GL, De Salvo G, Lazzarotto V, De Nicolo A, Agata S, et al. (2001). Lack of association between androgen receptor CAG polymorphism and familial breast/ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 168:31-36.
22. Missmer SA, Eliassen AH, Barbieri RL, Hankinson SE (2004). Endogenous estrogen, androgen, and progesterone concentrations and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1856-1865.
23. Modugno F, Weissfeld JL, Trump DL, Zmuda JM, Shea P, Cauley JA, Ferrell RE (2001). Allelic variants of aromatase and the androgen and estrogen receptors: toward a multigenic model of prostate cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res 7:3092-3096.
24. Nicolas Diaz-Chico B, German Rodriguez F, Gonzalez A, Ramírez R, Bilbao C, Cabrera de León A, et al. (2007). Androgens and androgen receptors in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 105:1-15.
25. Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF (1993). Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 15:17-35.
26. Rebbeck TR, Kantoff PW, Krithivas K, Neuhausen S, Blackwood MA, Godwin AK, et al. (1999). Modification of BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk by the polymorphic androgen-receptor CAG repeat. Am J Hum Genet 64: 1371-1377.
27. Schmitt M, Klinga K, Schnarr B, Morfin R, Mayer D (2001). Dehydroepiandrosterone stimulates proliferation and gene expression in MCF-7 cells after conversion to estradiol. Mol Cell Endocrinol 173:1-13.
28. Spurdle AB, Dite GS, Chen X, Mayne CJ, Southey MC, Batten LE, et al. (1999). Androgen receptor exon 1 CAG repeat length and breast cancer in women before age forty years. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:961-966.
29. Stanford JL, Just JJ, Gibbs M, Wicklund KG, Neal CL, Blumenstein BA, Ostrander EA (1997). Polymorphic repeats in the androgen receptor gene: molecular markers of prostate cancer risk. Cancer Res 57:1194-1198.
30. n polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study of young women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:127-135.
31. Szelei J, Jimenez J, Soto AM, Luizzi MF, Sonnenschein C (1997). Androgeninduced inhibition of proliferation in human breast cancer MCF7 cells transfected with androgen receptor. Endocrinology 138:1406-1412.
32. Tanaka Y, Kuwabara K, Okazaki T, Fujita T, Oizumi I, Kaiho S, Ogata E (2000). Gonadotropins stimulate growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by promoting intracellular conversion of adrenal androgens to estrogens. Oncology 59 (Suppl 1):19-23.
33. The Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group (2002). Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:606-616.
34. Thomas HV, Key TJ, Allen DS, Moore JW, Dowsett M, Fentiman IS, Wang DY (1997). A prospective study of endogenous serum hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women on the island of Guernsey. Br J Cancer 75:1075-1079.
35. Toniolo PG, Levitz M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Banerjee S, Koenig KL, Shore RE, et al. (1995). A prospective study of endogenous estrogens and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:190-197.
36. Wu MH, Chou YC, Yu JC, Yu CP, Wu CC, Chu CM, et al. (2006). Hormonal and body-size factors in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective study of 11 889 women in a low-incidence area. Ann Epidemiol 16:223-229.
37. Yager JD, Davidson NE (2006). Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 354:270-282.
38. Yu MW, Yang YC, Yang SY, Cheng SW, Liaw YF, Lin SM, Chen CJ (2001). Hormonal markers and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a nested case-control study among men. J Natl Cancer Inst 93:1644-1651.
39. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Shore RE, Koenig KL, Akhmedkhanov A, Afanasyeva Y, Kato I, et al. (2004). Postmenopausal levels of oestrogen, androgen, and SHBG and breast cancer: long-term results of a prospective study. Br J Cancer 90:153-159.