Perceived experiences of racism as stressful life events

Community Mental Health Journal

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 223-233

  Sanders Thompson, Vetta L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTERVIEW; LIFE EVENT; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; NEGRO; NORMAL HUMAN; QUESTIONNAIRE; RACE DIFFERENCE; RATING SCALE;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION (PSYCHOLOGY); LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; PREJUDICE; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 0030013007     PISSN: 00103853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02249424     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Allen, W. & Stukes, S. (1982). Black family lifestyles and the mental health of black Americans. In F. Munoz & R. Endo (Eds.), Perspectives on minority group mental health, (pp. 43-52). Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, Inc.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Anderson, L.P. (1991). Acculturative stress: A theory of relevance to Black Americans. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 685-702.
4. Anderson, N.B. (1989). Racial differences in stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity and hypertension: Current status and substantive issues. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 89-105.
5. Armstead, C., Lawler, K., Gordon, G., Cross, J., & Gibbons, J. (1989). Relationship of racial stressors to blood pressure responses and anger expression in black college students. Health Psychology, 8, 541-556.
6. Block, C. (1980). Black Americans and the cross cultural counseling experience. In A.J. Marsella & P.B. Pederson (Eds.). Cross-cultural counseling and psychotherapy. New York: Pergamon.
7. Bullock, S.C. & Houston, E. (1987). Perceptions of racism by Black medical students attending White medical schools. Journal of the National Medical Association, 79, 601-608.
8. Burke, A.W. (1984). Racism and psychological disturbances among West Indians in Britain. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 30, 50-68.
9. Carter, J.H. (1982). Alcoholism in Black Vietnam veterans: Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of the National Medical Association, 74, 655-660.
10. Chavira, V. & Phinney, J. (1991). Adolescents' ethnic identity, self-esteem & strategies for dealing with ethnicity and minority status. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13 226-227.
11. Cross, W.E. (1985). Black identity: Rediscovering the distinction between personal identity and reference group orientation. In M.B. Spencer, G. Brookins & W.R. Allen (Eds.), Beginnings: The Social and affective development of black children, (pp. 155-171). N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
12. Dovidio, J. (1993). The subtlety of racism. Training and Development, 47, 51-57.
13. Goldberg, D. & Hodes, M. (1992). The poison of racism and the self-poisoning of adolescents. Journal of Family Therapy, 14, 51-67.
14. Grier, W.H. & Cobbs, P.M. (1968). Black Rage. New York: Basic Books.
15. Griffith, M.S. (1977). The influence of race on the psychotherapeutic relationship. Psychiatry, 40, 27-40.
16. Horowitz, M.J. (1976). Stress Response Syndromes. New York: Aronson.
17. Horowitz, M.J., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218.
18. Kessler, R.C. & Neighbors, H.W. (1986). A new perspective on the relationships among race, social class and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 107-115.
19. Krieger, N. (1990). Racial and gender discrimination: Risk factors for high blood pressure? Social Science Medicine, 30, 1273-1281.
20. Kupers, T. (1981). Public Therapy: The practice of psychotherapy in the public mental health clinic. New York: Macmillan.
21. Lazarus, R.S. (1966). Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
22. Lazarus, R.S. (1984). Puzzles in the study of daily hassles. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7, 375-384.
23. Miller, F.S. (1992). Network structure support: Its relationship to the psychosocial development of black females. In A.K. Burlew, W.C. Banks, H.P. McAdoo, & D.A. ya Azibo (Eds.), African American Psychology: Theory, research, and practice, (pp. 105-123). Newbury Park: Sage.
24. Myers, H.F. & King, L.M. (1983). Mental health issues in the development of the black American child. In G. Powell (Ed.), The psychosocial development of minority group children, (pp. 275-306). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
25. Myers, M. & Thompson Sanders, V.L. (in press). An evaluation of two culture specific instruments. Western Journal of Black Studies.
26. Phinney, J., Chavira, V. & Tate, J. (1993). The effect of ethnic threat on ethnic self-concept and own group ratings. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(4), 469-478.
27. Rabkin, J.G. & Struening, E.L. (1976). Life events, stress, and illness. Science, 194, 1013-1020.
28. Sutherland, M.E. & Harrell, J.P. (1986-87). Individual differences in physiological responses to fearful, racially noxious, and neutral imagery. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 6, 133-149.
29. Thompson Sanders, V.L. (1991). A multidimensional approach to the assessment of African American racial identification. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 15, 154-158.
30. Thompson Sanders, V.L. (1992). A multifaceted approach to the conceptualization of African American identification. Journal of Black Studies, 23, 75-85.
31. Thomas, A. & Sillen, S. (1972). Racism and Psychiatry. NJ: The Citadel Press.
32. Uhlenhuth, E.H., Haberman, S.J., Balter, M.D., & Lipman, R.S. (1977). Remembering life events. In J.S. Strauss, H.M. Babigan, & M. Roff (Ed.), The origins and course of psychopathology (pp. 117-134). New York: Plenum Press.
33. Youngstrom, N. (1991). Campus life polluted for many by hate acts. American Psychological Association Monitor, 22(#11), 38.