The hemoglobin A1c level as a progressive risk factor for cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, or death in patients with chronic heart failure: An analysis of the candesartan in heart failure: Assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program

Archives of Internal Medicine

Volumn 168, Issue 15, 2008, Pages 1699-1704

  Gerstein, Hertzel C ^a,g   Swedberg, Karl ^b   Carlsson, Jonas ^c   McMurray, John J V ^d   Michelson, Eric L ^e   Olofsson, Bertil ^c   Pfeffer, Marc A ^f   Yusuf, Salim ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c ASTRAZENECA R AND D   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^e ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

^f BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^g Department of Medicine ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANDESARTAN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; PLACEBO; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSE OF DEATH; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HAZARD RATIO; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART FAILURE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; FOLLOW UP; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS;

AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHRONIC DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEART FAILURE; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 49449083742     PISSN: 00039926     EISSN: 15383679     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.168.15.1699     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Gerstein HC, Malmberg K, Capes S, Yusuf S. Cardiovascular diseases. In: Gerstein HC, Haynes RB, eds. Evidence-Based Diabetes Care. Hamilton, ON, Canada: BC Decker Inc; 2001:488-514.
2. Booth GL, Kapral MK, Fung K, Tu JV. Relation between age and cardiovascular disease in men and women with diabetes compared with non-diabetic people: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2006;368(9529):29-36.
3. Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, Yusuf S. The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events: a metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(2):233-240.
4. Lawes CM, Parag V, Bennett DA, et al. Blood glucose and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(12):2836-2842.
5. DECODE Study Group, European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Is the current definition for diabetes relevant to mortality risk from all causes and cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases? Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):688-696.
6. Brunner EJ, Shipley MJ, Witte DR, Fuller JH, Marmot MG. Relation between blood glucose and coronary mortality over 33 years in the Whitehall Study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(1):26-31.
7. Brownlee M. The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes. 2005;54(6):1615-1625.
8. Gerstein HC, Rosenstock J. Insulin therapy in people who have dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: can it offer both cardiovascular protection and beta-cell preservation? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005;34(1):137-154.
9. Selvin E, Marinopoulos S, Berkenblit G, et al. Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(6):421-431.
10. Selvin E, Wattanakit K, Steffes MW, Coresh J, Sharrett AR. HbA1c and peripheral arterial disease in diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(4):877-882.
11. Gerstein HC, Pogue J, Mann JF, et al. The relationship between dysglycaemia and cardiovascular and renal risk in diabetic and non-diabetic participants in the HOPE study: a prospective epidemiological analysis. Diabetologia. 2005;48(9):1749-1755.
12. Selvin E, Coresh J, Golden SH, Brancati FL, Folsom AR, Steffes MW. Glycemic control and coronary heart disease risk in persons with and without diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(16):1910-1916.
13. Selvin E, Coresh J, Shahar E, Zhang L, Steffes M, Sharrett AR. Glycaemia (haemoglobin A1c) and incident ischaemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(12):821-826.
14. Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A, Day N. Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: the European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(6):413-420.
15. Gerstein HC. Glycosylated hemoglobin: finally ready for prime time as a cardiovascular risk factor. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(6):475-476.
16. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003;362(9386):759-766.
17. Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet. 2003;362(9386):777-781.
18. McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet. 2003;362(9386):767-771.
19. Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet. 2003;362(9386):772-776.
20. Hillege HL, Nitsch D, Pfeffer MA, et al. Renal function as a predictor of outcome in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure. Circulation. 2006;113(5):671-678.
21. Khaw KT, Wareham N, Luben R, et al. Glycated haemoglobin, diabetes, and mortality in men in Norfolk cohort of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). BMJ. 2001;322(7277):15-18.
22. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(7258):405-412.
23. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 2001;414(6865):813-820.
24. Buse JB, Rosenstock J. Prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: trials on the horizon. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005;34(1):221-235.