Expanding roles for atorvastatin

Drugs of Today

Volumn 44, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 455-471

  Singh, Vibhuti ^a   Deedwania, Prakash ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ATENOLOL; ATORVASTATIN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CHLORTALIDONE; CREATINE KINASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; FLUINDOSTATIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TIROFIBAN;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CREATINE KINASE BLOOD LEVEL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISABILITY; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSLIPIDEMIA; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; KIDNEY FAILURE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RENAL PROTECTION; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIDE EFFECT; STROKE; SUDDEN DEATH; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 49149127163     PISSN: 16993993     EISSN: 16994019     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1358/dot.2008.44.6.1223896     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Cannon, C.P., Braunwald, E., McCabe, C.H. Pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapy-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 22 investigators. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes (PROVE-IT Study). N Engl J Med 2004, 350(15): 1495-504.
2. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002, 360(9326): 7-22.
3. Grundy, S.M., Cleeman, J.I., Merz, C.N. et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004, 110(2): 227-39.
4. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA - J Am Med Assoc 2001, 285(19): 2486-97.
5. Waters, D.D., Guyton, J.R., Herrington, D.M., McGowan, M.P., Wenger, N.K., Shear, C. Treating to New Targets (TNT) Study: Does lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below currently recommended guidelines yield incremental clinical benefit? Am J Cardiol 2004, 93(2): 154-8.
6. Deedwania, P., Barter, P., Carmena, R. et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: Analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet 2006, 368(9539): 919-28.
7. Shepherd, J., Barter, P., Carmena, R. et al. Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes: The Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Diabetes Care 2006, 29(6): 1220-6.
8. Khush, K., Waters, D., Bittner, V., Deedwania, P., Kaetelein, J., Lewis, S., Wenger, N. Effect of high-dose atorvastatin on hospitalizations for heart failure: Subgroup analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Circulation 2007, 115(5): 576-83.
9. Shepherd, J., Kastelein, J., Bittner, V. et al. Effect of intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin on renal function in patients with coronary heart disease: The Treating to New Targets study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007, 2(6): 1131-9.
10. Sever, P.S., Dahlof, B., Poulter, N.R. et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2003, 361(9364): 1149-58.
11. Colhoun, H.M., Betteridge, D.J., Durrington, P.N. et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004, 364(9435): 685-96.
12. The SPARCL Investigators. The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006, 21(Suppl. 4): Abst 1.
13. Wingard, D.L., Barrett-Connor, E., Criqui, M.H., Suarez, L. Clustering of heart disease risk factors in diabetic compared to nondiabetic adults. Am J Epidemiol 1983, 117(1): 19-26.
14. Stern, M.P., Hafner, S.M. Body fat distribution and hyperinsulinemia as risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis 1986, 6(2): 123-30.
15. Reaven, G.M. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988, 37(12): 1595-607.
16. Sattar, N., Gaw, A., Scherbakova, O. et al. Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 2003, 108(4): 414-9.
17. Deedwania, P.C. Metabolic syndrome and vascular disease: Is nature or nurture leading the new epidemic of cardiovascular disease? Circulation 2004, 109(1): 2-4.
18. Girman, C.J., Rhodes, T., Mercuri, M. et al. The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Am J Cardiol 2004, 93(2): 136-41.
19. Alberti, K.G., Zimmet, P., Shaw, J. The metabolic syndrome - A new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005, 366(9491): 1059-62.
20. JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Heart 2005, 91(Suppl. 5): v1-v52.
21. Smith, S.C. Jr., Allen, J., Blair, S.N. et al. AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update. Endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation 2006, 113(19): 2363-72.
22. Grundy, S.M., Cleeman, J.L, Daniels, S.R. et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005, 112(17): 2735-52.
23. Eckel, R.H., Kahn, R., Robertson, R.M., Rizza, R.A. Preventing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A call to action from the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2006, 113(25): 2943-6.
24. Baigent, C., Keech, A., Kearney, P.M. et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005, 366(9493): 1267-78.
25. Zhu, S., Wang, Z., Heshka, S., Heo, M., Faith, M.S., Heymsfield, S.B. Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Clinical action thresholds. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 76(4): 743-9.
26. Ford, E.S., Giles, W.H., Mokdad, A.H. Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 2004, 27(10): 2444-9.
27. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994, 344(8934): 1383-9.
28. Kahn, R., Buse, J., Ferrannini, E., Stern, M. The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal. Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005, 28(9): 2289-304.
29. Almdal, T., Scharling, H., Jensen, J.S., Vestergaard, H. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on ischemic heart disease, stroke, and death: A population based study of 13,000 men and women with 20 years of follow-up. Arch Intern Med 2004, 164(13): 1422-6.
30. Stamler, J., Vaccaro, O., Neaton, J.D., Wentworth, D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993, 16(2): 434-44.
31. Haffner, S.M., Lehto, S., Ronnemaa, T., Pyorala, K., Laakso, M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998, 339(23): 229-34.
32. Pyorala, K., Pedersen, T.R., Kjekshus, J., Faergeman, O., Olsson, A.G., Thorgeirsson, G. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Diabetes Care 1997, 20(4):614-20.
33. Keech, A., Colquhoun, D., Best, J. et al. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: Results from the LIPID trial. Diabetes Care 2003, 26(10): 2713-21.
34. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes (Position Statement). Diabetes Care 2005, 28(Suppl. 1): S4-36.
35. Koren, M.J., Hunninghake, D.B. Clinical outcomes in managed-care patients with coronary heart disease treated aggressively in lipid-lowering disease management clinics: The ALLIANCE study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 44(9): 1772-9.
36. Oi, S., Haneda, T., Osaki, J., Kashiwagi, Y., Nakamura, Y., Kawabe, J., Kikuchi, K. Lovastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat heart cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1999, 376(1-2): 139-48.
37. Laufs, U., La Fata, V., Plutzky, J., Liao, J.K. Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation 1998, 97(12): 1129-35.
38. Vaughan, C.J., Murphy, M.B., Buckley, B.M. Statins do more than just lower cholesterol. Lancet 1996, 348(9034): 1079-82.
39. Krum, H., McMurray, J.J. Statins and chronic heart failure: Do we need a large-scale outcome trial? J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 39(10): 1567-73.
40. Horwich, T.B., Hamilton, M.A., Maclellan, W.R., Fonarow, G.C. Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure. J Card Fail 2002, 8(4): 216-24.
41. Mortensen, S.A., Leth, A., Agner, E., Rohde, M. Dose-related decrease of serum coenzyme Q10 during treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Mol Aspects Med 1997, 18(Suppl.): S137-44.
42. Kjekshus, J., Dunselman, P., Blideskog, M. et al., Corona Study Group. A statin in the treatment of heart failure? Controlled rosuvastatin multinational study in heart failure (CORONA): Study design and baseline characteristics. Eur J Heart Fail 2005, 7(6): 1059-69.
43. Tavazzi, L., Tognoni, G., Franzosi, M.G. et al. Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: A large trial to assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2004, 6(5): 635- 41.
44. Coresh, J., Astor, B.C., Greene, T., Eknoyan, G., Levey, A.S. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis 2003, 41(1): 1-12.
45. Go, A.S., Chertow, G.M., Fan, D., McCulloch, C.E., Hsu, C.Y. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004, 351(13): 1296-305.
46. Fried, L.F., Orchard, T.J., Kasiske, B.L. Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: A meta-analysis. Kidney Int 2001, 59(1): 260-9.
47. Collins, R., Armitage, J., Parish, S., Sleigh, P., Peto, R. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomised placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2003, 361(9374): 2005-16.
48. Koren, M., Davidson, M. Impact of aggressive treatment with atorvastatin on renal function in managed care patients with coronary heart disease: The ALLIANCE study. J Clin Lipidol 2007, 1: 158.
49. Nissen, S. (REVERSAL) A prospective, randomized, double blind, multi-center study comparing the effects of atorvastatin vs. pravastatin on the progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions as measured by intravascular ultrasound. 76th Sci Sess Am Heart Assoc (Nov 9-12, Orlando) 2003, Abst.
50. Nissen, S.E., Nicholls, S.J., Sipahi, I. et al., ASTEROID Investigators. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: The ASTEROID trial. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc 2006, 295(13): 1556-65.
51. Saam, T., Yuan, C., Zhao, X.Q. et al. Rosuvastatin treatment and its effect on plaque composition of carotid atherosclerosis in mod-erately hypercholesterolemic subjects: A high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging trial (ORION). 75th Eur Atheroscler Soc (EAS) Congr (April 23-26, Prague) 2005, Poster.
52. Crouse, J.R., Raichlen, J.S., Riley, W.A. et al., METEOR Study Group. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: The METEOR trial. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc 2007, 297(12): 1344-53.
53. Blazing, M.A., de Lemos, J.A., White, H.D. et al. Safety and efficacy of enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes who receive tirofiban and aspirin: A randomized controlled trial (A-to-Z Trial). JAMA - J Am Med Assoc 2004, 292(1): 55-64.
54. Schwartz, G.G., Olsson, A.G., Ezekowitz, M.D., Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study Investigators. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndrome: The MIRACL study. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc 2001, 285(13): 1711-8.
55. Van Boven, A.J., Liem, A. Fluvastatin on risk diminishing after acute myocardial infarction (FLORIDA). 73rd Am Heart Assoc Sci Sess (Nov 12-15, New Orleans) 2000, Abst.