Is mirror therapy all it is cracked up to be? Current evidence and future directions

Pain

Volumn 138, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 7-10

  Moseley, G Lorimer ^a   Gallace, Alberto ^b   Spence, Charles ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPUTATION; ANALGESIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; DISABLED PERSON; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; MIRROR THERAPY; PHANTOM PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPRIOCEPTION; REVIEW; SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM; TACTILE STIMULATION; THERAPY EFFECT; VISUAL INFORMATION;

AMPUTEES; BIOFEEDBACK (PSYCHOLOGY); CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FORECASTING; HUMANS; PHANTOM LIMB;

EID: 48949114903     PISSN: 03043959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.06.026     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Acerra N., and Moseley G.L. Dysynchiria: watching the mirror image of the unaffected limb elicits pain on the affected side. Neurology 65 (2005) 751-753
2. Altschuler E.L., and Hu J. Mirror therapy in a patient with a fractured wrist and no active wrist extension. Scand J Plastic Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 42 (2008) 110-111
3. Brodie E.E., Whyte A., and Niven C.A. Analgesia through the looking-glass? A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of viewing a 'virtual' limb upon phantom limb pain, sensation and movement. Euro J Pain 11 (2007) 428-436
4. Chan B.L., Witt R., Charrow A.P., Magee A., Howard R., Pasquina P.F., et al. Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain. N Engl J Med 357 (2007) 2206-2207
5. CNN.com/health. Young S. For amputees, an unlikely painkiller: mirrors, 2008.
6. Daly A, Bialocerkowski A. Does evidence support physiotherapy management of adult complex regional pain syndrome type one? A systematic review. Euro J Pain, in press.
7. Durgin F., Evans L., Dunphy N., Klostermann S., and Simmons K. Rubber hands feel the touch of light. Psychol Sci 18 (2007) 152-157
8. Flor H., Nikolajsen L., and Jensen T.S. Phantom limb pain: a case of maladaptive CNS plasticity?. Nat Rev Neurosci 7 (2006) 873-881
9. Franz E.A., and Packman T. Fooling the brain into thinking it sees both hands moving enhances bimanual spatial coupling. Exp Brain Res 157 (2004) 174-180
10. Funase K., Tabira T., Higashi T., Liang N., and Kasai T. Increased corticospinal excitability during direct observation of self-movement and indirect observation with a mirror box. Neurosci Lett 419 (2007) 108-112
11. Garry M.I., Loftus A., and Summers J.J. Mirror, mirror on the wall: viewing a mirror reflection of unilateral hand movements facilitates ipsilateral M1 excitability. Exp Brain Res 163 (2005) 118-122
12. Giraux P., and Sirigu A. Illusory movements of the paralyzed limb restore motor cortex activity. NeuroImage 20 (2003) S107-S111
13. Graziano M.S.A. Where is my arm? The relative role of vision and proprioception in the neuronal representation of limb position. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 (1999) 10418-10421
14. Halligan P.W., Marshall J.C., and Wade D.T. Left on the Right - Allochiria in a case of left visuospatial neglect. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55 (1992) 717-719
15. Hayes S.C. Single case experimental-design and empirical clinical-practice. J Consult Clin Psychol 49 (1981) 193-211
16. Holmes N., and Spence C. Beyond the body schema: visual, prosthetic, and technological contributions to bodily perception and awareness. In: Knoblich G., Thornton I., Grosjean M., and Shiffrar M. (Eds). Human body perception from the inside out (2006), Oxford University Press
17. Holmes N.P., and Spence C. Visual bias of unseen hand position with a mirror: spatial and temporal factors. Exp Brain Res 166 (2005) 489-497
18. Hunter J.P., Katz J., and Davis K.D. The effect of tactile and visual sensory inputs on phantom limb awareness. Brain 126 (2003) 579-589
19. Karmarkar A., and Lieberman I. Mirror box therapy for complex regional pain syndrome. Anaesthesia 61 (2006) 412-413
20. Katz J, Melzack R. Phantom limb pain. In: Grafman J, Robertson I, editors. Plasticity and rehabilitation, vol. 9. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 205-29.
21. Kramer H.H., Seddigh S., Moseley G.L., and Birklein F. Dysynchiria is not a common feature of neuropathic pain. Euro J Pain 12 (2008) 128-131
22. Lundborg G., and Rosen B. Hand function after nerve repair. Acta Physiol 189 (2007) 207-217
23. MacLachlan M., McDonald D., and Waloch J. Mirror treatment of lower limb phantom pain: a case study. Disabil Rehabil 26 (2004) 901-904
24. McCabe C.S., Haigh R.C., and Blake D.R. Mirror visual feedback for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (Type 1). Curr Pain Headache Rep 12 (2008) 103-107
25. McCabe C.S., Haigh R.C., Ring E.F.J., Halligan P.W., Wall P.D., and Blake D.R. A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1). Rheumatology 42 (2003) 97-101
26. Moseley G.L. Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 108 (2004) 192-198
27. Moseley G.L. Is successful rehabilitation of complex regional pain syndrome due to sustained attention to the affected limb? A randomised clinical trial. Pain 114 (2005) 54-61
28. Moseley G.L. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain - A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 67 (2006) 2129-2134
29. Murray C.D., Pettifer S., Howard T., Patchick E.L., Caillette F., Kulkarni J., et al. The treatment of phantom limb pain using immersive virtual reality: three case studies. Disabil Rehabil 29 (2007) 1465-1469
30. Ramachandran V.S., Rogers Ramachandran D., and Cobb S. Touching the phantom limb. Nature 377 (1995) 489-490
31. Rizzolatti G., and Craighero L. The mirror-neuron system. Ann Rev Neurosci 27 (2004) 169-192
32. Ro T., Wallace R., Hagedorn J., Farne A., and Pienkos E. Visual enhancing of tactile perception in the posterior parietal cortex. J Cog Neurosci 16 (2004) 24-30
33. Rosen B., and Lundborg G. Training with a mirror in rehabilitation of the hand. Scand J Plastic Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 39 (2005) 104-108
34. Stratton G. Spatial harmony of touch and sight. Mind 8 (1899) 492-505
35. Tichelaar Y., Geertzen J.H.B., Keizer D., and van Wilgen C.P. Mirror box therapy added to cognitive behavioural therapy in three chronic complex regional pain syndrome type I patients: a pilot study. Int J Rehabil Res 30 (2007) 181-188