The "antidemocratic personality" revisited: A cross-national investigation of working-class authoritarianism

Journal of Social Issues

Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 595-617

  Napier, Jaime L ^a   Jost, John T ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTHORITARIANISM; DEMOCRACY; ELECTORAL GEOGRAPHY; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; ETHNICITY; MORALITY; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 48949097234     PISSN: 00224537     EISSN: 15404560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00579.x     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper & Brothers.
2. Altemeyer, R. A. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3. Altemeyer, R. A. (1998). The other "authoritarian personality." Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 47-91.
4. Barron, F. (1953). Complexity-simplicity as a personality dimension. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 48, 163-172.
5. Bartels, L. (2001). What's the matter with "What's the matter with Kansas"? Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 1, 201-226.
6. Bay, C. (1967). Political and apolitical students: Facts in search of theory. Journal of Social Issues, 23, 76-91.
7. Block, J., & Block, J. (1951). An investigation of the relationship between intolerance of ambiguity and ethnocentrism. Journal of Personality, 19, 303-311.
8. Brown, R. (2004). The authoritarian personality and the organization of attitudes. In J. T. Jost & Sidanius, J. (Eds.), Political psychology: Key readings (pp. 39-68) New York: Psychology Press. (Work originally published 1965).
9. Chinoy, E. (1967). An introduction to society. New York: Random House.
10. Christie, R. (1954). Authoritarianism re-examined. In R. Christie & M. Jahoda. (Eds.), Studies in the scope and method of the authoritarian personality (pp. 123-196). Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
11. Christie, R., & Cook, P. (1958). A guide to published literature relating to the authoritarian personality through 1956. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 45, 171-199.
12. Cohn, T. S., & Carsch, H. (1954). Administration of the F- scale to a sample of Germans. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 471.
13. Cowell, A. (2002). Europe is: Rubbing its eyes"at the ascent of the right. The New York Times, Retrieved December 19, 2007, from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res= 980CE1DA1638F93BA25756C0A9649C8B63.
14. Crowson, H. M., Thoma, S. J., & Hestevold, N. (2005). Is political conservatism synonymous with authoritarianism? Journal of Social Psychology, 145, 571-592.
15. Dekker, P., & Ester, P. (1987). Working-class authoritarianism: A re-examination of the Lipset thesis. European Journal of Political Research, 15, 395-415.
16. Doty, R. M., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1991). Threat and authoritarianism in the United States, 1978-1987. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 629-640.
17. Duckitt, J. (2001). A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 33, pp. 41-113). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
18. Eriksen, C. W., & Eisenstein, D. (1953). Personality rigidity and the Rorschach. Journal of Personality, 21, 386-391.
19. Feldman, S. (2003). Enforcing social conformity: A theory of authoritarianism. Political Psychology, 21, 41-77.
20. Feldman, K. A., & Newcomb, T. M. (1969). The impact of college on students. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
21. Feldman, S., & Stenner, K. (1997). Perceived threat and authoritarianism. Political Psychology, 18, 741-770.
22. Frank, T. (2004). What's the matter with Kansas? New York: Metropolitan Books.
23. Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1948). A study of prejudice in children. Human Relations, 1, 295-306.
24. Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1947). The antidemocratic personality. In E. E. Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb, & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 636-646). New York: Henry Holt & Co.
25. Fromm, E. H. (1941). Escape from freedom. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC.
26. Gabennesch, H. (1972). Authoritarianism as world view. American Journal of Sociology, 77, 857-875.
27. Grabb, E.G. (1976). Working-class authoritarianism and tolerance of outgroups: A reassessment. Public Opinion Quarterly, 43, 36-47.
28. Greenberg, J., & Jonas, E. (2003). Psychological motives and political orientation-The left, the right, and the rigid: Comment on Jost et al. (2003). Psychological Bulletin, 129, 376-382.
29. Hamilton, R. (1972). Class and politics in the United States. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
30. Jost, J. T. (2006). The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist, 61, 651-670.
31. Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881-919.
32. Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003a). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339-375.
33. Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003b). Exceptions that prove the rule: Using a theory of motivated social cognition to account for ideological incongruities and political anomalies. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 383-393.
34. Jost, J. T., Napier, J. L., Thorisdottir, H., Gosling, S. D., Palfai, T. P., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Are needs to manage uncertainty and threat associated with political conservatism or ideological extremity? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 989-1007.
35. Jost, J. T., Pelham, B. W., Sheldon, O., & Sullivan, B. N. (2003). Social inequality and the reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system: Evidence of enhanced system justification among the disadvantaged. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 13-36.
36. Kekic, L. (2007). The Economist Intelligence Unit's index of democracy. The World in 2007. Retrieved December 20, 2007, from http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf.
37. Kelman, H. C., & Barclay, J. (1963). The F scale as a measure of breadth of perspective. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 608-615.
38. Keniston, K. (1968). Young radicals: Notes on committed youth. New York: Harvest Books.
39. Koenig, F. W., & King, M. B. (1962). Cognitive simplicity and out-group stereotyping. Social Forces, 42, 324-327.
40. Kronhauser, A. W., Sheppard, H. L., & Mayer, A. J. (1956). When labor votes. New York: University Books.
41. Kutner, B. (1951). Patterns of mental functioning associated with prejudice in children. American Psychologist, 6, 328-329.
42. Kutner, B., & Gordan, N. B. (1964). Cognitive functioning and prejudice: A nine-year follow-up study. Sociometry, 27, 66-74.
43. Landau, M. J., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Cohen, F., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Miller, C. H., Ogilvie, D. M., & Cook, A. (2004). Deliver us from evil: The effects of mortality salience and reminders of 9/11 on support for president George W. Bush. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1136-1150.
44. Lane, R. E. (1962). Political ideology: Why the American common man believes what he does. Oxford, UK: Free Press of Glencoe.
45. Lipset, S. (1960). Political man. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
46. Lipset, S., & Raab, E. (1978). The politics of unreason: Right-wing extremism in America, 1790-1977. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
47. Lipsitz, L. (1965). Working-class authoritarianism: A re-evaluation. American Sociological Review, 30, 103-109.
48. McClosky, H. (1958). Conservatism and personality. American Political Science Review, 53, 27-45.
49. Mill, J. S. (1970). On liberty. In J. S. Mill (Ed.), Utilitarianism and other writings (pp. 126-250). Cleveland, OH: Meridian Books. (Original work published 1859)
50. Miller, S. M., & Reissman, F. (1961). "Working-class authoritarianism": A critique of Lipset. British Journal of Sociology, 12, 263-276.
51. Rokeach, M. (1948). Generalized mental rigidity as a factor in ethnocentrism. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 43, 259-272.
52. Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind. Oxford, UK: Basic Books.
53. Sanford, N. (1966). Self & society: Social change and individual development. New York: Atherton Press.
54. Scheepers, P., Felling, A., & Peters, J. (1990). Social conditions, authoritarianism and ethnocentrism: A theoretical model of the early Frankfurt School updated and tested. European Sociological Review, 6, 15-29.
55. Schuman, H., Steeh, C., Bobo, L., & Krysan, M. (1997). Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations (rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
56. Sciolino, E. (2007, October 8). Immigration, black sheep and Swiss rage. The New York Times. Retrieved June 23, 2008 from, http://www.nytimes.com/ 2007/10/08/world/europe/08swiss.html
57. Sears, D. O., Van Laar, C., Carrillo, M., & Kosterman, R. (1997). Is it really racism? The origins of white American opposition to race-targeted polices. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 16-53.
58. Sidanius, J. (1978). Intolerance of ambiguity and socio-politico ideology: A multidimensional analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 8, 215-235.
59. Sidanius, J. (1985). Cognitive functioning and sociopolitical ideology revisited. Political Psychology, 6, 637-661.
60. Sidanius, J. (1988). Political sophistication and political deviance: A structural equation examination of context theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 37-51.
61. Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1976). Cognitive functioning and sociopolitical ideology: An exploratory study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 17, 205-216.
62. Sidanius, J., & Ekehammar, B. (1979). Political socialization: A multivariable analysis of Swedish political attitude and preference data. European Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 265-279.
63. Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
64. Smith, D. N., & Gunn, C. W. (1999). Authoritarian aggression and social stratification: A research note. Social Thought & Research, 22, 95-112.
65. Sniderman, P.M., & Piazza, T. (1993). The scar of race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
66. Stacey, B. G., & Green, R. T. (1971). Working-class conservatism: A review and an empirical study. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10, 10-26.
67. Stenner, K. (2005). The authoritarian dynamic. New York: Cambridge University Press.
68. Stewart, D., & Hoult, T. (1959). A social-psychological theory of the authoritarian personality. American Journal of Sociology, 65, 274-279.
69. Stone, W. F. (1980). The myth of left-wing authoritarianism. Political Psychology, 2, 3-19.
70. Stone, W. F., & Smith, L. D. (1993). Authoritarianism: Left and right. In W. F. Stone, G. Lederer, & R. Christie. (Eds.), Strength and weakness: The authoritarian personality today (pp. 144-156). New York: Springer.
71. Sullivan, J. L., Piereson, J., & Marcus, G. E. (1982). Political tolerance and American democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
72. Thorisdottir, H., Jost, J. T., Liviatan, I., & Shrout, P. (2007). Psychological needs and values underlying left-right political orientation: Cross-national evidence from Eastern and Western Europe. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71, 175-203.
73. Titus, H. E., & Hollander, E. P. (1957). The California F-scale in psychological research: 1950-1955. Psychological Bulletin, 54, 47-64.
74. World Values Survey. (n.d.). European and World Values Surveys Four-Wave Integrated Data File, 1981-2004, v.20060423 [data set]. The European Values Study Foundation and World Values Survey Association. ASEP/JDS, Madrid, Spain/Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands [producers]. ASEP/JDS and ZA, Cologne, Germany [distributors]. Retrieved April 1, 2007, from http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org.