Emollients, moisturizers, and keratolytic agents in psoriasis

Clinics in Dermatology

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 380-386

  Fluhr, Joachim W ^a   Cavallotti, Claudia ^b   Berardesca, Enzo ^b  

^a Bioskin Berlin   (Germany)

^b SAN GALLICANO DERMATOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 HYDROXYACID; 5,8,11,14,17 ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ADALIMUMAB; ALEFACEPT; BASE; BATH OIL; BETAMETHASONE; BIFONAZOLE; COAL TAR; DITHRANOL; EFALIZUMAB; EMOLLIENT AGENT; ETANERCEPT; ETRETINATE; FISH OIL; FUMARIC ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; INFLIXIMAB; KERATOLYTIC AGENT; LIPID; METHOTREXATE; SALICYLIC ACID; SKIN MOISTURIZING AGENT; UREA; VITAMIN D DERIVATIVE;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; ACNE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; APPLICATION SITE DERMATITIS; ARTICLE; BURNING SENSATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL STRESS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CONTACT DERMATITIS; DERMATITIS; DRUG MECHANISM; DRY SKIN; EPIDERMIS CELL; FRAGRANCE ALLERGY; HEADACHE; HUMAN; HYDRATION; IRRITANT DERMATITIS; ISOMORPHIC PHENOMENON; MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; NAUSEA; ORAL MUCOSAL DISEASE; PHOTOTHERAPY; PIGMENT DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSORIASIS; REMISSION; SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS; SKIN IRRITATION; SKIN WATER LOSS; STOMACH DISCOMFORT; STOMACH DISEASE; STRATUM CORNEUM; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; TINNITUS; VOMITING;

DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; EMOLLIENTS; HUMANS; HYDROXY ACIDS; KERATOLYTIC AGENTS; PSORIASIS; SALICYLIC ACID; UREA;

EID: 48449090541     PISSN: 0738081X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.01.015     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Christophers E., and Mrowietz U. Psoriasis. In: Freedberg I.R., Eisen A.Z., Wolff K., et al. (Eds). Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine (2003) 407-427
2. Philipp S., Wolk K., Kreutzer S., et al. The evaluation of psoriasis therapy with biologics leads to a revision of the current view of the pathogenesis of this disorder. Expert Opin Ther Targets 10 (2006) 817-831
3. Witman P.M. Topical therapies for localized psoriasis. Mayo Clin Proc 76 (2001) 943-949
4. Greaves M.W., and Weinstein G.D. Treatment of psoriasis. N Engl J Med 332 (1995) 581-588
5. Schopf E., Mueller J.M., and Ostermann T. Value of adjuvant basic therapy in chronic recurrent skin diseases. Neurodermatitis atopica/psoriasis vulgaris. Hautarzt 46 (1995) 451-454
6. Bikowski J. The use of therapeutic moisturizers in various dermatologic disorders. Cutis 68 (2001) 3-11
7. Nola I., Kostovic K., Kotrulja L., et al. The use of emollients as sophisticated therapy in dermatology. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 11 (2003) 80-87
8. Watsky K.L., Freije L., Leneveu M.C., et al. Water-in-oil emollients as steroid-sparing adjunctive therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. Cutis 50 (1992) 383-386
9. Comaish J.S., and Greener J.S. The inhibiting effect of soft paraffin on the Kobner response in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 94 (1976) 195-200
10. Finlay A.Y. Emollients as adjuvant therapy for psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat 8 Suppl 1 (1997)
11. Tanghetti E.A. An observation study evaluating the treatment of plaque psoriasis with tazarotene gels, alone and with an emollient and/or corticosteroid. Cutis 66 (2000) 4-11
12. Held E., Sveinsdottir S., and Agner T. Effect of long-term use of moisturizer on skin hydration, barrier function and susceptibility to irritants. Acta Derm Venereol 79 (1999) 49-51
13. Gloor M., Hauth A., and Gehring W. O/W emulsions compromise the stratum corneum barrier and improve drug penetration. Pharmazie 58 (2003) 709-715
14. Fluhr J.W., Gloor M., Bettinger J., et al. On the influence of bath oils with different solvent characteristics and different amounts of a non-ionic tensile on the hydration and barrier function of the stratum corneum. J Cosmet Sci 49 (1998) 343-350
15. Rim J.H., Jo S.J., Park J.Y., et al. Electrical measurement of moisturizing effect on skin hydration and barrier function in psoriasis patients. Clin Exp Dermatol 30 (2005) 409-413
16. van Duijnhoven M.W., Hagenberg R., Pasch M.C., et al. Novel quantitative immunofluorescent technique reveals improvements in epidermal cell populations after mild treatment of psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol 85 (2005) 311-317
17. Penven K., Leroy D., Verneuil L., et al. Evaluation of Vaseline oil applied prior to UVB TL01 phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 21 (2005) 138-141
18. Birgin B., Fetil E., Ilknur T., et al. Effects of topical petrolatum and salicylic acid upon skin photoreaction to UVA. Eur J Dermatol 15 (2005) 156-158
19. Fetil E., Ozka S., Soyal M.C., et al. Effects of topical petrolatum and salicylic acid on the erythemogenicity of UVB. Eur J Dermatol 12 (2002) 154-156
20. Lebwohl M. The role of salicylic acid in the treatment of psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 38 (1999) 16-24
21. Moncorps C. Untersuchungen über die Pharmakologie und Pharmakodynamik von Salben und salbeninkorporierten I.I. Medikamenten, Mitteilung: Über die Resorption und Pharmakodynamik der salbeninkorporiereten Salizylsäure. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmacol 141 (1929)
22. Arnold W., Trinnes F., and Schroeder I. Skin resorption of salicylic acid in psoriasis patients and persons with healthy skin. Beitr Gerichtl Med 37 (1979) 325-328
23. Gabard B., Treffel P., Schwarb F., Surber C., Bieli E., and Lüdi S. Salicylic acid release from topical formulations does not predict in vitro skin absorption. Dermatology (1997) 195
24. Schwarb F., Gabard B., Jost G., Rufli T.H., and Surber C. Percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid in man following topical administration of different formulations. Dermatology 195 (1997)
25. Weirich E.G., Longauer J.K., and Kirkwood A.H. Effect of topical salicylic acid on animal epidermopoiesis. Dermatologica 156 (1978) 89-96
26. Pullmann H., Lennartz K.J., and Steigleder G.K. The effect of salicylic acid on epidermal cell proliferation kinetics in psoriasis. Autoradiographic in vitro-investigations(author's transl). Arch Dermatol Forsch 251 (1975) 271-275
27. Roberts D.L., Marshall R., and Marks R. Detection of the action of salicylic acid on the normal stratum corneum. Br J Dermatol 103 (1980) 191-196
28. Davies M., and Marks R. Studies on the effect of salicylic acid on normal skin. Br J Dermatol 95 (1976) 187-192
29. Huber C., and Christophers E. "Keratolytic" effect of salicylic acid. Arch Dermatol Res 257 (1977) 293-297
30. Nook T.H. In vivo measurement of the keratolytic effect of salicylic acid in three ointment formulations. Br J Dermatol 117 (1987) 243-245
31. Gloor M., and Beier B. Keratoplastic effect of salicylic acid, sulfur and a tensio-active mixture. Z Hautkr 59 (1984) 1657-1660
32. Going S.M., Guyer B.M., Jarvie D.R., et al. Salicylic acid gel for scalp psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 11 (1986) 260-262
33. Hulsebosch H.J., and Ponec-Waelsch M. The interaction of anthralin, salicylic acid and zinc oxide in pastes. Dermatologica 144 (1972) 287-293
34. Runne U. Anthralin-salicylic acid therapy of psoriasis. Cignolin-salicylic acid-Vaseline treatment and Lasan paste in a right-left comparison. Hautarzt 25 (1974) 199-200
35. Diem E., and Fritsch P. Salicylate poisoning by percutaneous resorption. Hautarzt 24 (1973) 552-555
36. Zesch A. Short and long-term risks of topical drugs. Br J Dermatol 115 Suppl 31 (1986) 63-70
37. Chapman B.J., and Proudfoot A.T. Adult salicylate poisoning: deaths and outcome in patients with high plasma salicylate concentrations. Q J Med 72 (1989) 699-707
38. Pec J., Strmenova M., Palencarova E., et al. Salicylate intoxication after use of topical salicylic acid ointment by a patient with psoriasis. Cutis 50 (1992) 307-309
39. Luderschmidt C., and Plewig G. Chronic percutaneous salicylic acid poisoning. Hautarzt 26 (1975) 643-646
40. Germann R., Schindera I., Kuch M., et al. Life threatening salicylate poisoning caused by percutaneous absorption in severe ichthyosis vulgaris. Hautarzt 47 (1996) 624-627
41. Vonweiss J.F., and Lever W.F. Percutaneous salicylic acid intoxication in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 90 (1964) 614-619
42. Taylor J.R., and Halprin K.M. Percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid. Arch Dermatol 111 (1975) 740-743
43. van de Kerkhof P.C., and Vissers W.H. The topical treatment of psoriasis. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 16 (2003) 69-83
44. Waller J.M., Dreher F., Behnam S., et al. 'Keratolytic' properties of benzoyl peroxide and retinoic acid resemble salicylic acid in man. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 19 (2006) 283-289
45. Bashir S.J., Dreher F., Chew A.L., et al. Cutaneous bioassay of salicylic acid as a keratolytic. Int J Pharm 292 (2005) 187-194
46. Klimowicz A., Farfal S., and Bielecka-Grzela S. Evaluation of skin penetration of topically applied drugs in humans by cutaneous microdialysis: acyclovir vs. salicylic acid. J Clin Pharm Ther 32 (2007) 143-148
47. Klimowicz A., Bielecka-Grzela S., Groth L., et al. Use of an intraluminal guide wire in linear microdialysis probes: effect on recovery?. Skin Res Technol 10 (2004) 104-108
48. Loden M. Urea-containing moisturizers influence barrier properties of normal skin. Arch Dermatol Res 288 (1996) 103-107
49. Loden M. Barrier recovery and influence of irritant stimuli in skin treated with a moisturizing cream. Contact Dermatitis 36 (1997) 256-260
50. Treffel P., and Gabard B. Stratum corneum dynamic function measurements after moisturizer or irritant application. Arch Dermatol Res 287 (1995) 474-479
51. Bettinger J., Gloor M., Gehring W., and Wolf W. Influence of emulsions with and without urea an water-binding capacity of the stratum corneum. J Soc Cosmet Chem (1995) 46
52. Muller K.H., and Pflugshaupt C. Urea in dermatology I. Hautarzt 40 Suppl 9 (1989) 1-12
53. Wohlrab W. Effect of urea on the water binding capacity of the human stratum corneum. Dermatol Monatsschr 174 (1988) 622-627
54. Fluhr J.W., Vrzak G., and Gloor M. Hydratisierende und die Steroidpenetration verbessernder Effekt von Harnstoff und Glycerin in Abhänigkeit von der verwendeten Grundlage. Z Hautkr 73 (1998)
55. Wohlrab W., and Schiemann S. Investigations on the mechanism of the activity of urea upon the epidermis (author's transl). Arch Dermatol Res 255 (1976) 23-30
56. Wohlrab W. Harnstoff-ein bewährter Wirkstoff in der Dermatologie und Kosmetik. P. Z. 33 (1992)
57. Wohlrab W. Recovery rate of externally administered glucocorticoids on the skin surface. Dermatol Monatsschr 172 (1986) 615-619
58. Feldmann R.J., and Maibach H.I. Percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone with urea. Arch Dermatol 109 (1974) 58-59
59. Wohlrab W. The influence of urea on the penetration kinetics of topically applied corticosteroids. Acta Derm Venereol 64 (1984) 233-238
60. Stuttgen G. Promoting penetration of locally applied substances by urea. Hautarzt 40 Suppl 9 (1989) 27-31
61. Gloor M., and Lindemann J. The influence of keratolytics and moisturizers on the bio-availability of triamcinolone acetonide following topical application (author's transl). Dermatol Monatsschr 166 (1980) 102-106
62. Kalbitz J., Neubert R., and Wohlrab W. Modulation of drug penetration in the skin. Pharmazie 51 (1996) 619-637
63. Fluhr J.W., Gloor M., and Gehring W. Physiology of Skin cleaning and functional mechanism of bath oils. In: Berardesca E., Picardo M., and Pigatto P. (Eds). Irritant contact dermatitis-Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium (ISICD) (2000), Medical Publishing & New Media, Milano 291-307
64. Müller K.H., and Pflugshaupt C. Harnstoff in der Dermatologie. Zbl Hautkr (1979) 142
65. Gabard B., and Bieli E. Salicylic acid and urea-possible modification of the keratolytic effect of salicylic acid by urea. Hautarzt 40 Suppl 9 (1989) 71-73
66. Hagemann I., and Proksch E. Topical treatment by urea reduces epidermal hyperproliferation and induces differentiation in psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol 76 (1996) 353-356
67. Sasaki Y., Tadaki T., and Tagami H. The effects of a topical application of urea cream on the function of pathological stratum corneum. Acta Dermatol Kyoto (1989) 84
68. Shemer A., Nathansohn N., Kaplan B., et al. Treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis with an ointment of 40% urea and 1% bifonazole. Int J Dermatol 39 (2000) 532-534
69. Gloor M., Fluhr J., Wasik B., et al. Clinical effect of salicylic acid and high dose urea applied according to the standardized New German Formulary. Pharmazie 56 (2001) 810-814
70. Hardening C.R., Watkinson A., Rawlings A.V., and Scott I.R. Dry skin, moisturization and corneodesmolysis. Int J Cosmet Sci 22 (2000) 21-52
71. Lynde C.W. Moisturizers: what they are and how they work. Skin Therapy Lett 6 (2001) 3-5
72. Kostarelos K., Teknetzis A., Lefaki I., et al. Double-blind clinical study reveals synergistic action between alpha-hydroxy acid and betamethasone lotions towards topical treatment of scalp psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 14 (2000) 5-9
73. Berardesca E., Piero Vignoli G., Distante E., et al. Effects of glycolic acid on psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 23 (1998) 190-191
74. Escobar S.O., Achenbach R., Iannantuono R., et al. Topical fish oil in psoriasis-a controlled and blind study. Clin Exp Dermatol 17 (1992) 159-162
75. Dewsbury C.E., Graham P., and Darley C.R. Topical eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the treatment of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 120 (1989) 581
76. Kragballe K., Voorhees P., Darley C.R., and Goetzl E.J. Leukotriene B5 derived from eicosapentaenoic acid does not stimulate DNA synthesis of cultured human keratinocytes but inhibits the stimulation induced by leukotriene B4. J Invest Dermatol (1985) 84
77. Williams M.L. Lipids in normal and pathological desquamation. Adv Lipid Res 24 (1991) 211-262
78. Berardesca E, Borroni, G. Oral and topical supplementation of linoleic acid and skin disease.
79. Henneicke-von Zepelin H.H., Mrowietz U., Farber L., et al. Highly purified omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids for topical treatment of psoriasis. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study. Br J Dermatol 129 (1993) 713-717