메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 272, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 8-19

Important sources of variability in clinical studies of neutralizing antibodies against interferon beta

Author keywords

Clinical outcomes; Interferon beta; Multiple sclerosis; Neutralizing antibodies

Indexed keywords

BETA1A INTERFERON; INTERFERON BETA SERINE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY;

EID: 48349102333     PISSN: 0022510X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.05.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0027418515 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 43 (1993) 655-661
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 655-661
  • 2
    • 0027521002 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. UBC MS/MRI Study Group and the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Paty D.W., and Li D.K. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. UBC MS/MRI Study Group and the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 43 (1993) 662-667
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 662-667
    • Paty, D.W.1    Li, D.K.2
  • 3
    • 0037154192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines
    • Goodin D.S., Frohman E.M., Garmany Jr. G.P., Halper J., Likosky W.H., Lublin F.D., et al. Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Neurology 58 (2002) 169-178
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 169-178
    • Goodin, D.S.1    Frohman, E.M.2    Garmany Jr., G.P.3    Halper, J.4    Likosky, W.H.5    Lublin, F.D.6
  • 4
    • 0021035886 scopus 로고
    • Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
    • Kurtzke J.F. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33 (1983) 1444-1452
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 1444-1452
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1
  • 5
    • 0029161628 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial
    • IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group
    • IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. Neurology 45 (1995) 1277-1285
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1277-1285
  • 6
    • 0008678962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG)
    • Jacobs L.D., Cookfair D.L., Rudick R.A., Herndon R.M., Richert J.R., Salazar A.M., et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG). Ann Neurol 39 (1996) 285-294
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 285-294
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Cookfair, D.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3    Herndon, R.M.4    Richert, J.R.5    Salazar, A.M.6
  • 7
    • 0345601517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis
    • PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and disability by Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group
    • PRISMS (Prevention of Relapses and disability by Interferon beta-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) Study Group. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 352 9139 (1998) 1498-1504
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , Issue.9139 , pp. 1498-1504
  • 8
    • 0005489101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta-1b: experience during the first three years
    • IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group
    • IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta-1b: experience during the first three years. Neurology 47 (1996) 889-894
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 889-894
  • 9
    • 34147161297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta: assessment of their clinical and radiographic impact: an evidence report: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Goodin D.S., Frohman E.M., Hurwitz B., O'Connor P.W., Oger J.J., Reder A.T., et al. Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta: assessment of their clinical and radiographic impact: an evidence report: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 68 (2007) 977-984
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 977-984
    • Goodin, D.S.1    Frohman, E.M.2    Hurwitz, B.3    O'Connor, P.W.4    Oger, J.J.5    Reder, A.T.6
  • 10
    • 3242880075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Deisenhammer F., Schellekens H., and Bertolotto A. Measurement of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 251 Suppl 2 (2004) II31-II39
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Deisenhammer, F.1    Schellekens, H.2    Bertolotto, A.3
  • 11
    • 0032425162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel sensitive and selective bioassay for human type I interferons
    • Files J.G., Gray J.L., and Do L.T. A novel sensitive and selective bioassay for human type I interferons. J Interferon Cytokine Res 18 (1998) 1019-1024
    • (1998) J Interferon Cytokine Res , vol.18 , pp. 1019-1024
    • Files, J.G.1    Gray, J.L.2    Do, L.T.3
  • 12
    • 35448947506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measured neutralizing titers of IFNb neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can depend on the preparations of IFNb used in the assay
    • Files J.G., Hargrove D., Delute L., and Cantillon M. Measured neutralizing titers of IFNb neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can depend on the preparations of IFNb used in the assay. J Interferon Cytokine Res 27 (2007) 637-642
    • (2007) J Interferon Cytokine Res , vol.27 , pp. 637-642
    • Files, J.G.1    Hargrove, D.2    Delute, L.3    Cantillon, M.4
  • 13
    • 3042526220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal analyses of the effects of neutralizing antibodies on interferon beta-1b in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Petkau A.J., White R.A., Ebers G.C., Reder A.T., Sibley W.A., Lublin F.D., et al. Longitudinal analyses of the effects of neutralizing antibodies on interferon beta-1b in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 10 (2004) 126-138
    • (2004) Mult Scler , vol.10 , pp. 126-138
    • Petkau, A.J.1    White, R.A.2    Ebers, G.C.3    Reder, A.T.4    Sibley, W.A.5    Lublin, F.D.6
  • 14
    • 10744225329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical importance of neutralising antibodies against interferon beta in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Sorensen P.S., Ross C., and Clemmesen K.M. Clinical importance of neutralising antibodies against interferon beta in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 362 (2003) 1184-1191
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1184-1191
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Ross, C.2    Clemmesen, K.M.3
  • 15
    • 20444470178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune response to immunotherapy: the role of neutralising antibodies to interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Hemmer B., Stuve O., Kieseier B., Schellekens H., and Hartung H.P. Immune response to immunotherapy: the role of neutralising antibodies to interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 4 (2005) 403-412
    • (2005) Lancet Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 403-412
    • Hemmer, B.1    Stuve, O.2    Kieseier, B.3    Schellekens, H.4    Hartung, H.P.5
  • 16
    • 32944459736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins
    • Schellekens H. Factors influencing the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20 Suppl 6 (2005) vi3-vi9
    • (2005) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Schellekens, H.1
  • 18
    • 3242892400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of recombinant human proteins: causes and consequences
    • Schellekens H., and Casadevall N. Immunogenicity of recombinant human proteins: causes and consequences. J Neurol 251 Suppl 2 (2004) II4-II9
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Schellekens, H.1    Casadevall, N.2
  • 19
    • 20444490479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appearance and disappearance of neutralizing antibodies during interferon-beta therapy
    • Sorensen P.S., Koch-Henriksen N., Ross C., Clemmesen K.M., and Bendtzen K. Appearance and disappearance of neutralizing antibodies during interferon-beta therapy. Neurology 65 (2005) 33-39
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 33-39
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Koch-Henriksen, N.2    Ross, C.3    Clemmesen, K.M.4    Bendtzen, K.5
  • 20
    • 33750980147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel therapies for immune tolerance in haemophilia A
    • Collins P.W. Novel therapies for immune tolerance in haemophilia A. Haemophilia 12 Suppl 6 (2006) 94-100
    • (2006) Haemophilia , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 94-100
    • Collins, P.W.1
  • 21
    • 0037236572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme therapy of gaucher disease: clinical and biochemical changes during production of and tolerization for neutralizing antibodies
    • Zhao H., Bailey L.A., and Grabowski G.A. Enzyme therapy of gaucher disease: clinical and biochemical changes during production of and tolerization for neutralizing antibodies. Blood Cells Mol Dis 30 (2003) 90-96
    • (2003) Blood Cells Mol Dis , vol.30 , pp. 90-96
    • Zhao, H.1    Bailey, L.A.2    Grabowski, G.A.3
  • 22
    • 0020070613 scopus 로고
    • The effect of insulin antibodies on insulin dose and diabetic control
    • Walford S., Allison S.P., and Reeves W.G. The effect of insulin antibodies on insulin dose and diabetic control. Diabetologia 22 (1982) 106-110
    • (1982) Diabetologia , vol.22 , pp. 106-110
    • Walford, S.1    Allison, S.P.2    Reeves, W.G.3
  • 23
    • 0024207853 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of natural human interferon-beta 1 and recombinant human interferon-beta 1 produced by three different mammalian cells
    • Kagawa Y., Takasaki S., Utsumi J., Hosoi K., Shimizu H., Kochibe N., et al. Comparative study of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of natural human interferon-beta 1 and recombinant human interferon-beta 1 produced by three different mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 263 (1988) 17508-17515
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 17508-17515
    • Kagawa, Y.1    Takasaki, S.2    Utsumi, J.3    Hosoi, K.4    Shimizu, H.5    Kochibe, N.6
  • 26
    • 3242877381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of interferon beta: differences among products
    • Bertolotto A., Deisenhammer F., Gallo P., and Solberg S.P. Immunogenicity of interferon beta: differences among products. J Neurol 251 Suppl 2 (2004) II15-II24
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Bertolotto, A.1    Deisenhammer, F.2    Gallo, P.3    Solberg, S.P.4
  • 27
    • 34250660946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are ex vivo neutralising antibodies against IFN-β always detrimental to therapeutic efficacy in multiple sclerosis?
    • Sorensen P.S., Koch-Henriksen N., and Bendtzen K. Are ex vivo neutralising antibodies against IFN-β always detrimental to therapeutic efficacy in multiple sclerosis?. Mult Scler 13 (2007) 616-621
    • (2007) Mult Scler , vol.13 , pp. 616-621
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Koch-Henriksen, N.2    Bendtzen, K.3
  • 28
    • 0036329631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of three interferon betas on neutralising antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis: a follow up study in an independent laboratory
    • Bertolotto A., Malucchi S., Sala A., Orefice G., Carrieri P.B., Capobianco M., et al. Differential effects of three interferon betas on neutralising antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis: a follow up study in an independent laboratory. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73 (2002) 148-153
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.73 , pp. 148-153
    • Bertolotto, A.1    Malucchi, S.2    Sala, A.3    Orefice, G.4    Carrieri, P.B.5    Capobianco, M.6
  • 29
    • 0033763507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis patients: influence of preparation, dosage, dose frequency, and route of administration. Danish Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Ross C., Clemmesen K.M., Svenson M., Sørensen P.S., Koch-Henriksen N., Skovgaard G.L., et al. Immunogenicity of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis patients: influence of preparation, dosage, dose frequency, and route of administration. Danish Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Ann Neurol 48 (2000) 706-712
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 706-712
    • Ross, C.1    Clemmesen, K.M.2    Svenson, M.3    Sørensen, P.S.4    Koch-Henriksen, N.5    Skovgaard, G.L.6
  • 30
    • 0037181634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Every-other-day interferon beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis: results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN)
    • Durelli L., Verdun E., Barbero P., Bergui M., Versino E., Ghezzi A., et al. Every-other-day interferon beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis: results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN). Lancet 359 9316 (2002) 1453-1460
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9316 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Durelli, L.1    Verdun, E.2    Barbero, P.3    Bergui, M.4    Versino, E.5    Ghezzi, A.6
  • 31
    • 2942592729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies reduce the efficacy of beta IFN during treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Malucchi S., Sala A., Gilli F., Bottero R., Di Sapio A., Capobianco M., et al. Neutralizing antibodies reduce the efficacy of beta IFN during treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 62 (2004) 2031-2037
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 2031-2037
    • Malucchi, S.1    Sala, A.2    Gilli, F.3    Bottero, R.4    Di Sapio, A.5    Capobianco, M.6
  • 32
    • 0037180479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, comparative study of interferon beta-1a treatment regimens in MS: the EVIDENCE Trial
    • Panitch H., Goodin D.S., Francis G., Chang P., Coyle P.K., O'Connor P., et al. Randomized, comparative study of interferon beta-1a treatment regimens in MS: the EVIDENCE Trial. Neurology 59 (2002) 1496-1506
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1496-1506
    • Panitch, H.1    Goodin, D.S.2    Francis, G.3    Chang, P.4    Coyle, P.K.5    O'Connor, P.6
  • 33
    • 0031841745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and significance of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG)
    • Rudick R.A., Simonian N.A., Alam J.A., Campion M., Scaramucci J.O., Jones W., et al. Incidence and significance of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG). Neurology 50 (1998) 1266-1272
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1266-1272
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Simonian, N.A.2    Alam, J.A.3    Campion, M.4    Scaramucci, J.O.5    Jones, W.6
  • 34
    • 34247092348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta preparations for the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients differ in neutralizing antibody seroprevalence and immunogenicity
    • Sominanda A., Rot U., Suoniemi M., Deisenhammer F., Hillert J., and Fogdell-Hahn A. Interferon beta preparations for the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients differ in neutralizing antibody seroprevalence and immunogenicity. Mult Scler 13 (2007) 208-214
    • (2007) Mult Scler , vol.13 , pp. 208-214
    • Sominanda, A.1    Rot, U.2    Suoniemi, M.3    Deisenhammer, F.4    Hillert, J.5    Fogdell-Hahn, A.6
  • 35
    • 13844321947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized study of once-weekly interferon beta-1a therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: three-year data from the OWIMS study
    • Freedman M.S., Francis G.S., Sanders E.A., Rice G.P., O'Connor P., Comi G., et al. Randomized study of once-weekly interferon beta-1a therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: three-year data from the OWIMS study. Mult Scler 11 (2005) 41-45
    • (2005) Mult Scler , vol.11 , pp. 41-45
    • Freedman, M.S.1    Francis, G.S.2    Sanders, E.A.3    Rice, G.P.4    O'Connor, P.5    Comi, G.6
  • 36
    • 3242885605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of neutralizing antibodies on the clinical efficacy of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis
    • Vartanian T., Solberg S.P., and Rice G. Impact of neutralizing antibodies on the clinical efficacy of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 251 Suppl 2 (2004) II25-II30
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Vartanian, T.1    Solberg, S.P.2    Rice, G.3
  • 37
    • 0032893144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of neutralizing antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta-1b
    • Rice G.P., Paszner B., Oger J., Lesaux J., Paty D., and Ebers G. The evolution of neutralizing antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta-1b. Neurology 52 (1999) 1277-1279
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 1277-1279
    • Rice, G.P.1    Paszner, B.2    Oger, J.3    Lesaux, J.4    Paty, D.5    Ebers, G.6
  • 38
    • 4444348797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-beta: the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titre predicts reversion to NAb negativity
    • Gneiss C., Reindl M., Lutterotti A., Ehling R., Egg R., Khalil M., et al. Interferon-beta: the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titre predicts reversion to NAb negativity. Mult Scler 10 (2004) 507-510
    • (2004) Mult Scler , vol.10 , pp. 507-510
    • Gneiss, C.1    Reindl, M.2    Lutterotti, A.3    Ehling, R.4    Egg, R.5    Khalil, M.6
  • 39
    • 33744781321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of neutralizing antibodies after discontinuation of IFNbeta therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Petersen B., Bendtzen K., Koch-Henriksen N., Ravnborg M., Ross C., and Sorensen P.S. Persistence of neutralizing antibodies after discontinuation of IFNbeta therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 12 (2006) 247-252
    • (2006) Mult Scler , vol.12 , pp. 247-252
    • Petersen, B.1    Bendtzen, K.2    Koch-Henriksen, N.3    Ravnborg, M.4    Ross, C.5    Sorensen, P.S.6
  • 40
    • 22044436956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1a in MS: results following development of neutralizing antibodies in PRISMS
    • Francis G.S., Rice G.P., and Alsop J.C. Interferon beta-1a in MS: results following development of neutralizing antibodies in PRISMS. Neurology 65 (2005) 48-55
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 48-55
    • Francis, G.S.1    Rice, G.P.2    Alsop, J.C.3
  • 41
    • 27744516986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of high-dose, high-frequency interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis are sustained to 16 months: final comparative results of the EVIDENCE trial
    • Panitch H., Goodin D., Francis G., Chang P., Coyle P., O'Connor P., et al. Benefits of high-dose, high-frequency interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis are sustained to 16 months: final comparative results of the EVIDENCE trial. J Neurol Sci 239 (2005) 67-74
    • (2005) J Neurol Sci , vol.239 , pp. 67-74
    • Panitch, H.1    Goodin, D.2    Francis, G.3    Chang, P.4    Coyle, P.5    O'Connor, P.6
  • 42
    • 33645465006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An antibody paradox, resolved
    • Prlic M., and Bevan M.J. An antibody paradox, resolved. Science 311 (2006) 1875-1876
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 1875-1876
    • Prlic, M.1    Bevan, M.J.2
  • 43
    • 0019842332 scopus 로고
    • Circulating immune complexes in neurologic disease
    • Noronha A.B., Antel J.P., Roos R.P., and Medof R.P. Circulating immune complexes in neurologic disease. Neurology 31 (1981) 1402-1407
    • (1981) Neurology , vol.31 , pp. 1402-1407
    • Noronha, A.B.1    Antel, J.P.2    Roos, R.P.3    Medof, R.P.4
  • 44
    • 34147167957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-1b are not associated with disease worsening in multiple sclerosis
    • Goodin D.S., Hurwitz B., and Noronha A. Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-1b are not associated with disease worsening in multiple sclerosis. J Int Med Res 35 (2007) 173-187
    • (2007) J Int Med Res , vol.35 , pp. 173-187
    • Goodin, D.S.1    Hurwitz, B.2    Noronha, A.3
  • 46
    • 39549108366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologist of the UBC MS Clinic. Reduced effectiveness of long-term interferon-beta treatment on relapses in neutralizing antibody-positive multiple sclerosis patients: a Canadian multiple sclerosis clinic-based study
    • Boz C., Oger J., Gibbs E., and Grossberg S.E. Neurologist of the UBC MS Clinic. Reduced effectiveness of long-term interferon-beta treatment on relapses in neutralizing antibody-positive multiple sclerosis patients: a Canadian multiple sclerosis clinic-based study. Mult Scler 13 (2007) 1127-1137
    • (2007) Mult Scler , vol.13 , pp. 1127-1137
    • Boz, C.1    Oger, J.2    Gibbs, E.3    Grossberg, S.E.4
  • 47
    • 0035954361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRISMS-4: long-term efficacy of interferon-beta-1a in relapsing MS
    • PRISMS Study Group
    • PRISMS Study Group. PRISMS-4: long-term efficacy of interferon-beta-1a in relapsing MS. Neurology 56 (2001) 1628-1636
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1628-1636
  • 48
    • 34250682206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutraliizing antibody (NAb) assays in multiple sclerosis patients receiving interferon-ß therapy
    • Deisenhammer F. Neutraliizing antibody (NAb) assays in multiple sclerosis patients receiving interferon-ß therapy. Mult Scler 13 (2007) S44-S48
    • (2007) Mult Scler , vol.13
    • Deisenhammer, F.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.