Relating microwave modulation to microbreaking observed in infrared imagery

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 364-367

  Branch, Ruth ^b   Plant, William J ^a,b   Gade, Martin ^a,c   Jessup, Andrew T ^a,b  

^a IEEE

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Infrared; Microbreaking; Microwave; Ocean surface waves; Swell modulation; Wave breaking

Indexed keywords

MICROWAVES; MODULATION; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

INFRARED (IR) MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED IMAGERY; MICROBREAKING; MICROWAVE MODULATION (MWM); NORMALIZED RADAR CROSS-SECTION (NRCS); OCEAN EXPERIMENT; SWELL WAVES; WIND WAVES;

RADAR CROSS SECTION;

EID: 47849107495     PISSN: 1545598X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2008.916198     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. R. Branch and A. T. Jessup, "Infrared signatures of microbreaking wave modulation," IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 372-376, Jul. 2007.
2. W. C. Keller and W. J. Plant, "Cross sections and modulation, transfer functions at L and Ku bands measured during the tower ocean wave and radar dependence experiment," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 95, no. C9, pp. 16 277-16 289, Sep. 1990.
3. T. Hara and W. J. Plant, "Hydrodynamic modulation of short wind-wave spectra by long waves and its measurement using microwave backscatter," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. C5, pp. 9767-9784, 1994.
4. R. Romeiser, A. Schmidt, and W. Alpers, "A three-scale composite surface model for the ocean wave-radar modulation transfer function," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, no. C5, pp. 9785-9801, 1994.
5. W. J. Plant, "A model for microwave Doppler sea return at high incidence angles: Bragg scattering from bound, tilted waves," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 102, no. C9, pp. 21 131-21 146, 1997.
6. M. L. Banner and O. M. Phillips, "On the incipient breaking of small scale waves," J. Fluid Mech., vol. 77, pp. 825-842, 1974.
7. A. T. Jessup, C. J. Zappa, and H. Yeh, "Defining and quantifying microscale wave breaking with infrared imagery," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 102, no. C10, pp. 23 145-23 153, 1997.
8. C. J. Zappa, W. E. Asher, and A. T. Jessup, "Microscale wave breaking and air-water gas transfer," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 106, no. C5, pp. 9385-9392, 2001.
9. C. J. Zappa, W E. Asher, A. T. Jessup, J. Klinke, and S. R. Long, "Microbreaking and the enhancement of air-water gas transfer velocities," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 109, no. C8, C08 S16, 2004. DOI:10.1029/2003JC001897.
10. A. T. Jessup and V. Hesany, "Modulation of ocean skin temperature by swell waves," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 101, no. C3, pp. 6501-6511, 1996.
11. K. B. Katsaros, "The aqueous thermal boundary layer," Bound.-Layer Meteorol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 107-127, Feb. 1980.
12. A. T. Jessup, C. J. Zappa, M. R. Loewen, and V. Hesany, "Infrared remote sensing of breaking waves," Nature, vol. 385, no. 6611, pp. 52-55, Jan. 1997.
13. R. Fogelberg, "A study of microbreaking modulation by ocean swell using infrared and microwave techniques," M.S. thesis, Dept. Civil Environ. Eng., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA, 2003.
14. A. T. Jessup, W. Melville, and W. Keller, "Breaking waves affecting microwave backscatter 1. Detection and verification," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 96, no. C11, pp. 20547-20559, Nov. 1991.
15. P. H. Y. Lee, J. D. Barter, K. L. Beach, C. L. Hindman, B. M. Lake, H. Rungaldier, J. C. Shelton, A. B. Williams, R. Yee, and H. C. Yuen, "X band microwave backscattering from ocean waves," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 100, no. C2, pp. 2591-2611, 1995.
16. E. Ericson, D. Lyzenga, and D. Walker, "Radar backscatter from stationary breaking waves," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 104, no. C12, pp. 29 679-29 695, 1999.
17. E. Dano, D. Lyzenga, and M. Perlin, "Radar backscatter from mechanically generated transient breaking waves - Part I: Angle of incidence dependence and high resolution surface morphology," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 181-200, Apr. 2001.
18. M. Haller and D. Lyzenga, "Comparison of radar and video observations of shallow water breaking waves," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 832-844, Apr. 2003.