Malignant effusions: From diagnosis to biology

Diagnostic Cytopathology

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 246-254

  Davidson, Ben ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Cancer; Disease progression; Effusions; Prognosis

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CA 125 ANTIGEN; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; CYCLIN A; GROWTH FACTOR; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 2; PROCOLLAGEN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ETS 1;

BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER CELL; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER RECURRENCE; CELL STRUCTURE; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DNA DETERMINATION; EFFUSION; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FLOW CYTOMETRY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA; LUNG CARCINOMA; MESOTHELIOMA; METASTASIS; OVARY CARCINOMA; PANCREAS CARCINOMA; PLEURA EFFUSION; PLEURA FLUID; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOLID TUMOR; SURVIVAL RATE; TELOMERIC REPEAT AMPLIFICATION PROTOCOL; TUMOR GROWTH;

ASCITIC FLUID; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; PLEURAL EFFUSION, MALIGNANT; PROGNOSIS;

EID: 4744353381     PISSN: 87551039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dc.20133     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Bedrossian CWM. Malignant effusions: a multimodal approach to cytologic diagnosis. New York: Igaku-Shoin; 1994.
2. Bedrossian CWM. Diagnostic problems in serous effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 1998;19:131-137.
3. Granberg S, Noren H, Friberg L. Ovarian cancer stages I and II: predictions and 5-year survival in two decades. Gynecol Oncol 1989; 35:204-208.
4. Akahira JI, Yoshikawa H, Shimizu Y, et al. Prognostic factors of stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer: a multicenter retrospective study. Gynecol Oncol 2001;81:398-403.
5. Nguyen GK. Cytopathology of pleural mesotheliomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;114:S68-S81.
6. Fentiman IS, Millis R, Sexton S, Hayward JL. Pleural effusion in breast cancer: a review of 105 cases. Cancer 1981;47:2087-2092.
7. Davidson B, Reich R, Lazarovici P, Flørenes VA, Nielsen S, Nesland JM. Altered expression and activation of the nerve growth factor receptors TrkA and p75 provides the first evidence of tumor progression to effusion in breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 83:119-128.
8. Fetsch PA, Abati A. Immunocytochemistry in effusion cytology: a contemporary view. Cancer 2001;93:293-308.
9. Davidson B, Risberg R, Reich R, Berner A. Effusion cytology in ovarian cancer - new molecular methods as aids to diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Lab Med 2003;23:729-754.
10. Gong Y, Sun X, Michael CW, Attal S, Williamson BA, Bedrossian CWM. Immunocytochemistry of serous effusion specimens: a comparison of ThinPrep® vs. cell block. Diagn Cytopathol 2003;28:1-5.
11. Joseph MG, Banerjee D, Harris P, Gibson S, McFadden RG. Multiparameter flow cytometric DNA analysis of effusions: a prospective study of 36 cases compared with routine cytology and immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol 1995;8:686-693.
12. Frierson HF, Mills SE, Legier JF. Flow cytometric analysis of ploidy in immunohistochemically confirmed examples of malignant epithelial mesothelioma. Am J Clin Pathol 1988;90:240-243.
13. Rijken A, Dekker A, Taylor S, Hoffman P, Blank M, Krause JR. Diagnostic value of DNA analysis in effusions by flow cytometry and image analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 1991;95:6-12.
14. Motherby H, Marcy T, Hecker M, et al. Static DNA cytometry as a diagnostic aid in effusion cytology. I. DNA aneuploidy for identification and differentiation of primary and secondary tumors of the serous membranes. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 1998;20:153-161.
15. Tanaka K, Boice CR, Testa GR. Chromosome aberrations in nine patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989;43:1-14.
16. Zojer N, Fiegl M, Angerler J, et al. Interface fluorescence in situ hybridization improves the detection of malignant cells in effusions from breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 1997;75:403-407.
17. Musilova J, Michalova K. Cytogenetic study of cancer cells in effusions. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1986;19:271-279.
18. Engel H, Friedrich J, Kleespies C, et al. Detection of chromosomal aberrations in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by molecular cytogenetics in patients with gynecological cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998;106:159-165.
19. Bruderlein S, Gebhart E. Double minutes in prematurely condensed chromatin of human tumor cells. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1985;16: 145-152.
20. Renshaw AA, Dean BR, Antman KH, Sugarbaker DJ, Cibas ES. The role of cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. Chest 1997;111:106-109.
21. Granados R, Cibas ES, Fletcher JA. Cytogenetic analysis of effusions from malignant mesothelioma. A diagnostic adjunct to cytology. Acta Cytol 1994;38:711-717.
22. Roka S, Fiegl M, Zojer N, et al. Aneuploidy of chromosome 8 as detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization is a recurrent finding in primary and metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998;48:125-133.
23. Zojer N, Fiegl M, Mullauer L, et al. Chromosomal imbalances in primary and metastatic pancreatic carcinoma as detected by interface cytogenetics: basic findings and clinical aspects. Br J Cancer 1998;77:1337-1342.
24. Shin JCH, Shin DM, Tarco E, Sneige N. Detection of numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7 and 9 in cytologic specimens of pleural malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Cytopathol 2003;99:233-239.
25. Hung TL, Chen FF, Liu JM, et al. Clinical evaluation of HER-2/neu protein in malignant pleural effusion-associated lung adenocarcinoma and as a tumor marker in pleural effusion diagnosis. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:2605-2612.
26. Illei PB, Ladanyi M, Rusch VW, Zakowski MF. The use of CDKN2A deletion as a diagnostic marker for malignant mesothelioma in body cavity effusions. Cancer Cytopathol 2003;99:51-56.
27. Saito T, Kobayashi M, Harada R, Uemura Y, Taguchi H. Sensitive detection of small cell lung carcinoma cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for prepro-gastrin-releasing peptide mRNA. Cancer 2003;97:2504-2511.
28. Grünewald K, Haun M, Fiegl M, et al. Mammoglobin expression in gynecologic malignancies and malignant effusions detected by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Lab Invest 2002;82:1147-1153.
29. Yu CJ, Shew JY, Liaw YS, Kuo SH, Luh KT, Yang PC. Application of mucin quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase in assisting the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1312-1318.
30. Kim NW, Piatyszek MA, Prowse KR, et al. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science 1994;266:2011-2015.
31. Shay JW, Wright WE. Telomerase activity in human cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 1996;8:66-71.
32. Tseng CJ, Jain S, Hou HC, et al. Applications of the telomerase assay in peritoneal washing fluids. Gynecol Oncol 2001;81:420-423.
33. Mu XC, Brien TP, Ross JS, Lowry CV, McKenna BJ. Telomerase activity in benign and malignant cytologic fluids. Cancer Cytopathol 1999;87:93-99.
34. Yang CT, Lee MH, Lan RS, Chen JK. Telomerase activity in pleural effusions: diagnostic significance. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:567-573.
35. Cunningham VJ, Markham N, Shroyer AL, Shroyer KR. Detection of telomerase expression in fine-needle aspirations and fluids. Diagn Cytopathol 1998;18:431-436.
36. Gorham H, Yoshida K, Sugino T, et al. Telomerase activity in human gynecological malignancies. J Clin Pathol 1997;50:501-504.
37. Toshima S, Arai T, Yasuda Y, et al. Cytological diagnosis and telomerase activity of cells in effusions of body cavities. Oncol Rep 1999; 6:199-203.
38. Braunschweig R, Guilleret I, Delacretaz F, Bosman FT, Mihaescu A, Benhatter J. Pitfalls in TRAP assay in routine detection of malignancy in effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 2001;25:225-230.
39. Nagel H, Schulten HJ, Gunawan B, Brinck U, Füzesi L. The potential value of comparative genomic hybridization analysis in effusion- and fine needle aspiration cytology. Mod Pathol 2002;15:818-825.
40. Boocock CA, Charnock-Jones DS, Sharkey AM, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors flt and KDR in ovarian carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:506-516.
41. Provencher DM, Finstad CL, Saigo PE, et al. Comparison of antigen expression on fresh and cultured ascites cells and on solid tumors of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1993;50:78-83.
42. Rubin SC, Finstad CL, Hoskins WJ, et al. Analysis of antigen expression at multiple tumor sites in epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:558-563.
43. Skubitz APN, Bast RC Jr, Wayner EA, Letourneau PC, Wilke MS. Expression of α6 and β4 integrins in serous ovarian carcinoma correlates with expression of the basement membrane protein laminin. Am J Pathol 1996;148:1445-1461
44. Cannistra SA, Ottensmeier C, Niloff J, Orta B, DiCarlo J. Expression and function of β1 and αvβ3 integrins in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1995;58:216-225.
45. Davidson B, Goldberg I, Reich R, et al. The αv and β1 integrin subunits are commonly expressed in malignant effusions from ovarian carcinoma patients. Gynecol Oncol 2003;90:248-257.
46. Strobel T, Cannistra SA. β1-integrins partly mediate binding of ovarian cancer cells to peritoneal mesothelium in vitro. Gynecol Oncol 1999;73:362-367.
47. Cruet S, Salamanca C, Mitchell GWE, Auersperg N. αvβ3 and vitronectin expression by normal ovarian surface epithelial cells: role in cell adhesion and cell proliferation. Gynecol Oncol 1999;75:254-260.
48. Carreiras F, Rigot V, Cruet S, Andre F, Gauduchon P, Marvaldi J. Migration properties of the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line IGROV1: importance of αvβ3 integrins and vitronectin. Int J Cancer 1999;80:285-294.
49. Davidson B, Reich R, Kopolovic J, et al. Interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA levels are down-regulated in ovarian carcinoma cells in serous effusions. Clin Exp Metastas 2002;19:135-144.
50. Givant-Horwitz V, Davidson B, van de Putte G, et al. Dissociated mRNA expression of the 67kDa laminin receptor and the α6 integrin subunit in serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003;20:599-609.
51. Davidson B, Berner A, Nesland JM, et al. E-cadherin and α-, β- and γ-catenin protein expression is up-regulated in ovarian carcinoma cells in serous effusions. J Pathol 2000;192:460-469.
52. Davidson B, Reich R, Berner A, et al. Ovarian carcinoma cells in serous effusions show altered MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA levels. Eur J Cancer 2001;37:2040-2049.
53. Davidson B, Lazarovici P, Ezersky A, et al. Expression levels of the NGF receptors TrkA and p75 in effusions and solid tumors of serous ovarian carcinoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:3457-3464.
54. Patel IS, Madan P, Getsios S, Bertrand MA, MacCalman CD. Cadherin switching in ovarian cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2003;106:172-177.
55. de Matos Granja N, Soares R, Rocha S, et al. Evaluation of breast cancer metastases in pleural effusions by molecular biology techniques. Diagn Cytopathol 2002;27:210-213.
56. Elenbaas B, Weinberg RA. Heterotypic signaling between epithelial tumor cells and fibroblasts in carcinoma formation. Exp Cell Res 2001;264:169-184.
57. Ben-Baruch A. Inflammatory cells, cytokines and chemokines in breast cancer progression: reciprocal tumor-microenvironment interactions. Breast Cancer Res 2003;5:31-36.
58. Arya M, Patel HRH, Williamson M. Chemokines: key players in cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 2003;19:557-564.
59. Nash MA, Lenzi R, Edwards CL, et al. Differential expression of cytokine transcripts in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma by solid tumour specimens, peritoneal exudate cells containing tumour, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-derived T cell lines and established tumour cell lines. Clin Exp Immunol 1998;112:172-180.
60. Milliken D, Scotton C, Raju S, Balkwill F, Wilson J. Analysis of chemokines and chemokine receptor expression in ovarian cancer ascites. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:1108-1114.
61. Oonakahara KI, Matsuyama W, Higashimoto I, Kawabata M, Arimura K, Osame M. SDF-1(alpha)/CXCL12-CXCR 4 axis is involved in the dissemination of NSCLC cells into pleural space. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004;30:671-677.
62. Singer G, Rebmann V, Chen YC, et al. HLA-G is a potential tumor marker in malignant ascites. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:4460-4464.
63. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57-70.
64. Kaufmann SH, Vaux DL. Alterations in the apoptotic machinery and their potential role in anticancer drug resistance. Oncogene 2003;22:7414-7430.
65. Mitani K, Nishioka Y, Yamabe K, et al. Soluble Fas in malignant pleural effusion and its expression in lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2003;94:302-307.
66. Herbeuval JP, Lambert C, Sabido O, et al. Macrophages from cancer patients: analysis of TRAIL, TRAIL receptors, and colon tumor cell apoptosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:611-621.
67. Barbacid M. Neurotrophic factors and their receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1995;7:148-155.
68. Kaplan DR, Miller FD. Signal transduction by the neurotrophin receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997;9:213-221.
69. Patapoutian A, Reichardt LF. Trk receptors: mediators of neurotrophin action. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001;11:272-280.
70. Nakagawara, A. Trk receptor tyrosine kinases: a bridge between cancer and neural development. Cancer Lett 2001;169:107-114.
71. Davidson B, Reich R, Lazarovici P, et al. Expression of the nerve growth factor receptors TrkA and p75 in malignant mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2004;44:159-165.
72. Price FV, Chambers SK, Chambers JT, et al. Colony-stimulating factor-1 in primary ascites of ovarian cancer is a significant predictor of survival. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:520-527.
73. Chambers SK, Kacinski BM, Ivins CM, Carcangiu ML. Overexpression of epithelial macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) and CSF-1 receptor: a poor prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer, contrasted with a protective effect of stromal CSF-1. Clin Cancer Res 1997;3:999-1007.
74. Chambers SK, Gertz R. Jr, Ivins CM, Kacinski BM. The significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its inhibitor, and its receptor in ascites of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 1995;75:1627-1633.
75. Cracchiolo BM, Hanauske-Abel HM, Schwartz PE, Chambers JT, Holland B, Chambers SK. Procollagen-derived biomarkers in malignant ascites of ovarian cancer. Independent prognosticators for progression-free interval and survival. Gynecol Oncol 2002;87:24-33.
76. Zeimet AG, Widschwendter M, Knabbe C, et al. Ascitic interleukin-12 is an independent prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1861-1868.
77. Abendstein B, Marth C, Müller-Holzner E, Widschwendter M, Daxenbichler G, Zeimet AG. Clinical significance of serum and ascitic p53 autoantibodies in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2000;88:1432-1437.
78. Davidson B, Goldberg I, Berner A, Kristensen GB, Reich R. EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) is a novel marker of poor outcome in serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003;20:161-169.
79. Davidson B, Reich R, Lazarovici P, et al. Expression and activation of the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA in serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:2248-2259.
80. Davidson B, Risberg B, Berner A, et al. Expression of cell cycle proteins in ovarian carcinoma cells in serous effusions - biological and prognostic implications. Gynecol Oncol 2001;83:249-256.
81. Givant-Horwitz V, Davidson B, Lazarovici P, et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as predictors of clinical outcome in serous ovarian carcinoma in effusions. Gynecol Oncol 2003;91:160-172.
82. Davidson B, Alejandro E, Flørenes VA, et al. Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP) is a novel prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 2004;100:2139-2147.
83. Davidson B, Risberg B, Goldberg I, et al. Ets-1 mRNA expression in effusions of serous ovarian carcinoma patients is a marker of poor outcome. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:1493-1500.
84. Givant-Horwitz V, Davidson B, Lazarovici P, et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as predictors of clinical outcome in serous ovarian carcinoma in effusions. Gynecol Oncol 2003;91:160-172.
85. Chang L, Karin M. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature 2001;410:37-40.
86. Garrington TP, Johnson GL. Organization and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1999;11:211-218.
87. Camps M, Nichols A, Arkinstall S. Dual specificity phosphatases: a gene family for control of MAPK function. FASEB J 1999;14:6-16.
88. Tamura S, Hanada M, Ohnishi M, Katsura K, Sasaki M, Kobayashi T. Regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathways by protein phosphatases. Eur J Biochem 2002;269:1060-1066.
89. Denkert C, Schmitt WD, Berger S, et al. Expression of mitogen-activated protein phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in primary human ovarian carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2002;102:507-513.
90. Xu Y, Gaudette DC, Boynton J, et al. Characterization of an ovarian cancer activating factor in ascites from ovarian cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 1995;1:1223-1232.
91. Tanyi JL, Hasegawa Y, Lapushin R, et al. Role of decreased levels of lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 in accumulation of lysophosphatidic acid in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:3534-3545.
92. Uematsu K, Kanazawa S, You L, et al. Wnt pathway activation in mesothelioma: evidence of dishevelled overexpression and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin. Cancer Res 2003;63:4547-4551.
93. Petricoin EF, Zoon KC, Kohn EC, Barrett JC, Liotta LA. Clinical proteomics: translating benchside promise into bedside reality. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002;1:683-695.
94. Liotta LA, Espina V, Mehta AI, et al. Protein microarrays: meeting analytical challenges for clinical applications. Cancer Cell 2003;3:317-325.