메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 279-292

Systemic and ophthalmic manifestations of West Nile virus infection

Author keywords

Anterior uveitis; Chorioretinitis; Encephalitis; Meningitis; Optic neuritis; Retinal vasculities; Vitritis; West Nile virus

Indexed keywords

ALPHA2B INTERFERON; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5 ANTAGONIST; CHIMERIVAX; DIETHYLTOLUAMIDE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INFUSION FLUID; INSECT REPELLENT; LIVE VACCINE; MINOCYCLINE; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISOLONE ACETATE; RIBAVIRIN; STEROID; VIRUS PROTEIN; WEST NILE VACCINE;

EID: 47249114842     PISSN: 17469899     EISSN: 17469902     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/17469899.3.3.279     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (5)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 0036116226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of immunoglobulin M cross-reactions in differential diagnosis of human flaviviral encephalitis infections in the United States
    • Martin DA, Biggerstaff BJ, Allen B, Johnson AJ, Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT. Use of immunoglobulin M cross-reactions in differential diagnosis of human flaviviral encephalitis infections in the United States. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9, 544-549 (2002).
    • (2002) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 544-549
    • Martin, D.A.1    Biggerstaff, B.J.2    Allen, B.3    Johnson, A.J.4    Lanciotti, R.S.5    Roehrig, J.T.6
  • 3
    • 0001609777 scopus 로고
    • A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda
    • Smithburn KC, Hughes TP, Burke AW, Paul JH. A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda. Am: J. Trop. Med. 20, 471-492 (1940).
    • (1940) Am: J. Trop. Med , vol.20 , pp. 471-492
    • Smithburn, K.C.1    Hughes, T.P.2    Burke, A.W.3    Paul, J.H.4
  • 4
    • 0035859233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A et al.; 1999 West Nile Outbreak Response Working Group. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1807-1814 (2001).
    • Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A et al.; 1999 West Nile Outbreak Response Working Group. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1807-1814 (2001).
  • 5
    • 0033579282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States
    • Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V et al. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286, 2333-2337 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 2333-2337
    • Lanciotti, R.S.1    Roehrig, J.T.2    Deubel, V.3
  • 6
    • 0037031280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus: A primer for the clinician
    • Petersen LR, Marfin AA. West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. Ann. Intern. Med. 137, 173-179 (2002).
    • (2002) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.137 , pp. 173-179
    • Petersen, L.R.1    Marfin, A.A.2
  • 8
    • 0041356959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nile virus: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention
    • Sampathkumar P. West Nile virus: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention. Mayo Clin. Proc. 78, 1137-1143 (2003).
    • (2003) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.78 , pp. 1137-1143
    • West, S.P.1
  • 9
    • 30144431773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus meningitis in a chronic immunosuppressed patient with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Batsis JA, Phy MP. West Nile virus meningitis in a chronic immunosuppressed patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Rheumatol. 24, 548-550 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Rheumatol , vol.24 , pp. 548-550
    • Batsis, J.A.1    Phy, M.P.2
  • 11
    • 33646084389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus disease: A descriptive study of 228 patients hospitalized in a 4-county region of Colorado in 2003
    • Bode AV, Sejvar JJ, Pape WJ, Campbell GL, Marfin AA. West Nile virus disease: a descriptive study of 228 patients hospitalized in a 4-county region of Colorado in 2003. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42, 1234-1240 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1234-1240
    • Bode, A.V.1    Sejvar, J.J.2    Pape, W.J.3    Campbell, G.L.4    Marfin, A.A.5
  • 14
    • 0034847189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of West Nile fever outbreak, Israel 2000
    • Chowers MY, Lang R, Nassar et al. Clinical characteristics of West Nile fever outbreak, Israel 2000. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7, 675-678 (2001).
    • (2001) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.7 , pp. 675-678
    • Chowers, M.Y.1    Lang, R.2    Nassar3
  • 15
    • 34250305591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to West Nile virus during the 2002 epidemic in Cuyahoga County, Ohio: A comparison of pediatric and adult behaviors
    • LaBeaud AD, Kile JR, Kippes C, King CH, Mandalakas AM. Exposure to West Nile virus during the 2002 epidemic in Cuyahoga County, Ohio: a comparison of pediatric and adult behaviors. Public Health Rep. 122, 356-361 (2007).
    • (2007) Public Health Rep , vol.122 , pp. 356-361
    • LaBeaud, A.D.1    Kile, J.R.2    Kippes, C.3    King, C.H.4    Mandalakas, A.M.5
  • 16
    • 15844388931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection
    • Liu R, Paxton WA, Choe S et al. Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 86, 367-377 (1996).
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 367-377
    • Liu, R.1    Paxton, W.A.2    Choe, S.3
  • 17
    • 31344465937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCR5 deficiency increases risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection
    • Glass WG, McDermott DH, Lim JK, et al. CCR5 deficiency increases risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 203, 35-40 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med , vol.203 , pp. 35-40
    • Glass, W.G.1    McDermott, D.H.2    Lim, J.K.3
  • 18
    • 33745509649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genetic basis for human susceptibility to West Nile virus
    • Diamond MS, Klein RS. A genetic basis for human susceptibility to West Nile virus. Trends Microbiol. 14(7), 287-289 (2006).
    • (2006) Trends Microbiol , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 287-289
    • Diamond, M.S.1    Klein, R.S.2
  • 21
    • 0038455694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection
    • Sejvar JJ, Haddad MB, Tierney BC et al. Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection. JAMA 290, 511-515 (2003).
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 511-515
    • Sejvar, J.J.1    Haddad, M.B.2    Tierney, B.C.3
  • 22
    • 33748933523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus infection: A balance between virulence, innate and adaptive immunity, and viral evasion
    • Samuel MA. Diamond MS. Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus infection: a balance between virulence, innate and adaptive immunity, and viral evasion. J. Virol. 80, 9349-9360 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Virol , vol.80 , pp. 9349-9360
    • Samuel, M.A.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 23
    • 0141925650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate and adaptive immune responses determine protection against disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus
    • Diamond MS, Shrestha B, Mehlhop E et al. Innate and adaptive immune responses determine protection against disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus. Viral Immunol. 16, 259-278 (2003).
    • (2003) Viral Immunol , vol.16 , pp. 259-278
    • Diamond, M.S.1    Shrestha, B.2    Mehlhop, E.3
  • 24
    • 11144273976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
    • Wang T, Town T, Alexopoulou L et al. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis. Nat. Med. 10, 1366-1373 (2004).
    • (2004) Nat. Med , vol.10 , pp. 1366-1373
    • Wang, T.1    Town, T.2    Alexopoulou, L.3
  • 25
    • 0037319970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus
    • Diamond MS, Shrestha B, Marri A, Mahan D, Engle M. B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus. J. Virol. 77, 2578-2586 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Virol , vol.77 , pp. 2578-2586
    • Diamond, M.S.1    Shrestha, B.2    Marri, A.3    Mahan, D.4    Engle, M.5
  • 26
    • 3142692686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The host response to West Nile Virus infection limits viral spread through the activation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 pathway
    • Fredericksen BL, Smith M, Katze MG, Shi PY, Gale M Jr. The host response to West Nile Virus infection limits viral spread through the activation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 pathway. J. Virol. 78, 7737-7747 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Virol , vol.78 , pp. 7737-7747
    • Fredericksen, B.L.1    Smith, M.2    Katze, M.G.3    Shi, P.Y.4    Gale Jr., M.5
  • 27
    • 33644864626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus infection induces interferon signalling in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
    • Cinatl J Jr, Michaelis M, Fleckenstein C et al. West Nile virus infection induces interferon signalling in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47, 645-651 (2006).
    • (2006) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci , vol.47 , pp. 645-651
    • Cinatl Jr, J.1    Michaelis, M.2    Fleckenstein, C.3
  • 29
    • 11144308854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic and intraocular manifestations of West Mile virus infection
    • Garg S, Jampol LM. Systemic and intraocular manifestations of West Mile virus infection. Surv. Ophthalmol. 50(1), 3-13. (2005).
    • (2005) Surv. Ophthalmol , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-13
    • Garg, S.1    Jampol, L.M.2
  • 30
    • 0038526363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of West Nile virus from organ donor to four transplant recipients
    • Iwamoto M, Jernigan DB, Guasch A et al. Transmission of West Nile virus from organ donor to four transplant recipients. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 2196-2203 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.348 , pp. 2196-2203
    • Iwamoto, M.1    Jernigan, D.B.2    Guasch, A.3
  • 31
    • 26944467991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile Virus infections in organ transplant receipients - New York and Pennsylvania, August-September, 2005
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. West Nile Virus infections in organ transplant receipients - New York and Pennsylvania, August-September, 2005. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 54, 1021-1023 (2005).
    • (2005) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep , vol.54 , pp. 1021-1023
  • 32
    • 0041929615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion
    • Harrington T, Kuehnert MJ, Kamel H et al. West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion. Transfusion 43, 1018-1022 (2003).
    • (2003) Transfusion , vol.43 , pp. 1018-1022
    • Harrington, T.1    Kuehnert, M.J.2    Kamel, H.3
  • 33
    • 0141796735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile Virus Transmission Investigation Team. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002
    • Pealer LN, Marfin AA, Petersen LR et al. West Nile Virus Transmission Investigation Team. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1236-1245 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.349 , pp. 1236-1245
    • Pealer, L.N.1    Marfin, A.A.2    Petersen, L.R.3
  • 34
    • 0141681930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine West Nile virus: Ocular and systemic findings
    • Alpert SG, Fergerson J, Noel LP. Intrauterine West Nile virus: ocular and systemic findings. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 136, 733-735 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Ophthalmol , vol.136 , pp. 733-735
    • Alpert, S.G.1    Fergerson, J.2    Noel, L.P.3
  • 35
    • 33645017666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth outcomes following West Nile Virus infection of pregnant women in the United States: 2003-2004
    • O'Leary DR, Kuhn S, Kniss KL et al. Birth outcomes following West Nile Virus infection of pregnant women in the United States: 2003-2004. Pediatrics 117, e537-e545 (2006).
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117
    • O'Leary, D.R.1    Kuhn, S.2    Kniss, K.L.3
  • 36
    • 0037019322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of insect repellants against mosquito bites
    • Fradin MS, Day JF. Comparative efficacy of insect repellants against mosquito bites. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 13-18 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.347 , pp. 13-18
    • Fradin, M.S.1    Day, J.F.2
  • 37
    • 34250204478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Mile virus activity - United States, 2006
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). West Mile virus activity - United States, 2006. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wlky Rep. 56, 556-559 (2007).
    • (2007) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wlky Rep , vol.56 , pp. 556-559
  • 38
    • 32944469306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus: Epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States
    • Hayes EB, Gubler DJ. West Nile virus: epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States. Annu. Rev. Med. 57, 181-194 (2006).
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.57 , pp. 181-194
    • Hayes, E.B.1    Gubler, D.J.2
  • 39
    • 0038793357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peterson LR, Marfin AA. Gubler DJ. West Nile Virus. JAMA 290, 524-528 (2003).
    • Peterson LR, Marfin AA. Gubler DJ. West Nile Virus. JAMA 290, 524-528 (2003).
  • 40
    • 0034840340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We Nile virus in overwintering Culex mosquitoes, New York City, 2000
    • Nasci RS, Savage HM, White DJ et al. We Nile virus in overwintering Culex mosquitoes, New York City, 2000. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7, 742-744 (2001).
    • (2001) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.7 , pp. 742-744
    • Nasci, R.S.1    Savage, H.M.2    White, D.J.3
  • 41
    • 33745231676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile encephalitis mimicking herpes encephalitis
    • Rimon A, Straussberg R, Amir J. West Nile encephalitis mimicking herpes encephalitis. Pediatr. Neurol. 35, 62-64 (2006).
    • (2006) Pediatr. Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 62-64
    • Rimon, A.1    Straussberg, R.2    Amir, J.3
  • 44
    • 47249153401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus skin symptoms documented
    • Jesitus, John. West Nile virus skin symptoms documented. Dermatol. Times 18, 22 (2005).
    • (2005) Dermatol. Times , vol.18 , pp. 22
    • Jesitus, J.1
  • 45
    • 19244365376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of West Nile Fever
    • Watson JT, Pertel PE, Jones RC et al. Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of West Nile Fever. Ann. Intern. Med. 141, 360-365 (2004).
    • (2004) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.141 , pp. 360-365
    • Watson, J.T.1    Pertel, P.E.2    Jones, R.C.3
  • 46
    • 3543041267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection
    • Klee AL, Maidin B, Edwin B et al. Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10, 1405-1411 (2004).
    • (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.10 , pp. 1405-1411
    • Klee, A.L.1    Maidin, B.2    Edwin, B.3
  • 47
    • 34249914817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term outcomes of human West Nile virus infection
    • Sejvar JJ. The long-term outcomes of human West Nile virus infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44, 1617-1624 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.44 , pp. 1617-1624
    • Sejvar, J.J.1
  • 48
    • 0041973269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus: Case report with MR imaging findings
    • Rosas H, Wippold FJ II. West Nile virus: case report with MR imaging findings. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 24, 1376-1378 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.24 , pp. 1376-1378
    • Rosas, H.1    Wippold II, F.J.2
  • 50
    • 33644501142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus-associated flaccid paralysis outcome
    • Sejvar JJ, Bode AV, Marfin AA et al. West Nile virus-associated flaccid paralysis outcome. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12, 514-516 (2006).
    • (2006) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.12 , pp. 514-516
    • Sejvar, J.J.1    Bode, A.V.2    Marfin, A.A.3
  • 51
    • 0042433057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical spectrum of muscle weakness in human West Nile virus infection
    • Leis AA, Stokic DS, Webb RM, Slavinski SA, Fratkin J. Clinical spectrum of muscle weakness in human West Nile virus infection. Ann. Neurol. 28, 302-308 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 302-308
    • Leis, A.A.1    Stokic, D.S.2    Webb, R.M.3    Slavinski, S.A.4    Fratkin, J.5
  • 52
    • 0038576221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric flaccid paralysis: A neuromuscular presentation of West Nile virus infection
    • Li J, Loeb JA, Shy ME et al. Asymmetric flaccid paralysis: a neuromuscular presentation of West Nile virus infection. Ann. Neurol. 53, 703-710 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 703-710
    • Li, J.1    Loeb, J.A.2    Shy, M.E.3
  • 53
    • 33845637637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus encephalomyelitis with polio-like paralysis and nigral degeneration
    • Schafernak KT, Bigio EH. West Nile virus encephalomyelitis with polio-like paralysis and nigral degeneration. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 33, 407-410 (2006).
    • (2006) Can. J. Neurol. Sci , vol.33 , pp. 407-410
    • Schafernak, K.T.1    Bigio, E.H.2
  • 54
    • 0034641141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guillain-Barré syndrome: An unusual presentation of West Nile virus infection
    • Ahmed S, Libman R, Wesson K, Ahmed F, Einberg K. Guillain-Barré syndrome: an unusual presentation of West Nile virus infection. Neurology 55, 144-146. (2000).
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 144-146
    • Ahmed, S.1    Libman, R.2    Wesson, K.3    Ahmed, F.4    Einberg, K.5
  • 55
    • 24044527902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery and prognosticators of paralysis in West Nile virus infection
    • Cao N, Ranganathan C, Kupsy W, Li J. Recovery and prognosticators of paralysis in West Nile virus infection. J. Neurol. Sci. 236, 73-80 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.236 , pp. 73-80
    • Cao, N.1    Ranganathan, C.2    Kupsy, W.3    Li, J.4
  • 57
    • 11844250538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile viral encephalitis mimicking hepatic encephalopathy
    • Cunha BA, Thermidor M, Mohan S, Ly H. West Nile viral encephalitis mimicking hepatic encephalopathy. Heart Lung 34, 72-75 (2005).
    • (2005) Heart Lung , vol.34 , pp. 72-75
    • Cunha, B.A.1    Thermidor, M.2    Mohan, S.3    Ly, H.4
  • 58
    • 35148860225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 41-year-old HIV-positive man with acute onset of quadriplegia after West Nile virus infection
    • Jamison SC, Michaels SR, Ratard R, Sweet JM, Deboisblanc BP. A 41-year-old HIV-positive man with acute onset of quadriplegia after West Nile virus infection. South Med. J. 100, 1051-1053(2007).
    • (2007) South Med. J , vol.100 , pp. 1051-1053
    • Jamison, S.C.1    Michaels, S.R.2    Ratard, R.3    Sweet, J.M.4    Deboisblanc, B.P.5
  • 59
    • 33646721166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by West Nile virus in the United States
    • Paddock CD, Nicholson WL, Bhatnagar J et al. Fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by West Nile virus in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42, 1527-1535 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1527-1535
    • Paddock, C.D.1    Nicholson, W.L.2    Bhatnagar, J.3
  • 60
    • 33747879781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular features of west nile virus infection in North America: A study of 14 eyes
    • Chan CK, Limstrom SA, Tarasewicz DG, Lin SG. Ocular features of west nile virus infection in North America: a study of 14 eyes. Ophthalmology 113, 1539-1546 (2006).
    • (2006) Ophthalmology , vol.113 , pp. 1539-1546
    • Chan, C.K.1    Limstrom, S.A.2    Tarasewicz, D.G.3    Lin, S.G.4
  • 61
    • 9444251661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus
    • Bakri SJ, Kaiser PK. Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 15, 537-540 (2004).
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol , vol.15 , pp. 537-540
    • Bakri, S.J.1    Kaiser, P.K.2
  • 62
    • 7444238615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chorioretinal involvement in patients with West Nile virus infection
    • Khairallah M, Ben Yahia S, Ladjimi A et al. Chorioretinal involvement in patients with West Nile virus infection. Ophthalmology 111, 2065-2070 (2004).
    • (2004) Ophthalmology , vol.111 , pp. 2065-2070
    • Khairallah, M.1    Ben Yahia, S.2    Ladjimi, A.3
  • 64
    • 1842561581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual loss with West Nile virus infection: A wider spectrum of a 'new' disease
    • Anninger W, Lubow M. Visual loss with West Nile virus infection: a wider spectrum of a 'new' disease. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38, e55-e56. (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.38
    • Anninger, W.1    Lubow, M.2
  • 65
    • 28944454383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive chorioretinitis and severe vision loss associated with West Nile virus meningoencephalitis
    • Myers JP, Leveque TK, Johnson MW. Extensive chorioretinitis and severe vision loss associated with West Nile virus meningoencephalitis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 123, 1754-1756 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Ophthalmol , vol.123 , pp. 1754-1756
    • Myers, J.P.1    Leveque, T.K.2    Johnson, M.W.3
  • 66
    • 33646441509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indocyanine green angiographic features in multifocal chorioretinitis associated with West Nile virus infection
    • Khairallah M, Ben Yahia S, Atria S et al. Indocyanine green angiographic features in multifocal chorioretinitis associated with West Nile virus infection. Retina 26, 358-359 (2006).
    • (2006) Retina , vol.26 , pp. 358-359
    • Khairallah, M.1    Ben Yahia, S.2    Atria, S.3
  • 67
    • 34447328077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear pattern of West Nile virus-associated chorioretinitis is related to retinal nerve fibres organization
    • Khairallah M, Ben Yahia S, Attia S, Zaouali S, Ladjimi A, Messaoud R. Linear pattern of West Nile virus-associated chorioretinitis is related to retinal nerve fibres organization. Eye 21, 952-955 (2007).
    • (2007) Eye , vol.21 , pp. 952-955
    • Khairallah, M.1    Ben Yahia, S.2    Attia, S.3    Zaouali, S.4    Ladjimi, A.5    Messaoud, R.6
  • 68
    • 37349054626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective evaluation of factors associated with chorioretinitis in patients with West Nile virus infection
    • Khairallah M, Ben Yahia S, Letaief M et al. A prospective evaluation of factors associated with chorioretinitis in patients with West Nile virus infection. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. 15, 435-439 (2007).
    • (2007) Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm , vol.15 , pp. 435-439
    • Khairallah, M.1    Ben Yahia, S.2    Letaief, M.3
  • 69
    • 0037311866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitritis and chorioretinitis in a patient with West Nile virus infection
    • Bains HS, Jampol LM, Caughron MC, Parnell JR. Vitritis and chorioretinitis in a patient with West Nile virus infection. Arch. Ophthalmol. 121, 205-207. (2003).
    • (2003) Arch. Ophthalmol , vol.121 , pp. 205-207
    • Bains, H.S.1    Jampol, L.M.2    Caughron, M.C.3    Parnell, J.R.4
  • 70
    • 16644398621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of clinical manifestations of West Nile virus infection in children
    • Yim R, Posfay-Barbe KM, Nolt D, Fatula G, Wald ER. Spectrum of clinical manifestations of West Nile virus infection in children. Pediatrics 114, 1673-1675 (2004).
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , pp. 1673-1675
    • Yim, R.1    Posfay-Barbe, K.M.2    Nolt, D.3    Fatula, G.4    Wald, E.R.5
  • 72
    • 35448958901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occlusive retinal vasculitis in a patient with West Nile virus
    • Teitelbaum BA, Newman TL, Tresley DJ. Occlusive retinal vasculitis in a patient with West Nile virus. Clin. Exp. Optom. 90, 463-467 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Exp. Optom , vol.90 , pp. 463-467
    • Teitelbaum, B.A.1    Newman, T.L.2    Tresley, D.J.3
  • 73
    • 0142226903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occlusive vasculitis in a patient with concomitant West Nile virus infection
    • Kaiser PK, Lee MS, Martin DA. Occlusive vasculitis in a patient with concomitant West Nile virus infection. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 136, 928-930 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Ophthalmol , vol.136 , pp. 928-930
    • Kaiser, P.K.1    Lee, M.S.2    Martin, D.A.3
  • 74
    • 0037270151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optic neuritis complicating west nile virus meningitis in a young adult
    • Gilad R, Lampl Y, Sadeh M, Paul M, Dan M. Optic neuritis complicating west nile virus meningitis in a young adult. Infection 31, 55-56 (2003).
    • (2003) Infection , vol.31 , pp. 55-56
    • Gilad, R.1    Lampl, Y.2    Sadeh, M.3    Paul, M.4    Dan, M.5
  • 75
    • 30144431973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cluster study of predictors of severe West Nile virus infection
    • Abroug F, Ouanes-Besbes L, Letaief M et al. A cluster study of predictors of severe West Nile virus infection. Mayo Clin. Proc. 81, 12-16 (2006).
    • (2006) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.81 , pp. 12-16
    • Abroug, F.1    Ouanes-Besbes, L.2    Letaief, M.3
  • 76
    • 0033512912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indocyanine green angiographic features in ocular sarcoidosis
    • Wolfensberger TJ, Herbort CP Indocyanine green angiographic features in ocular sarcoidosis. Ophthalmology 106, 285-289 (1999).
    • (1999) Ophthalmology , vol.106 , pp. 285-289
    • Wolfensberger, T.J.1    Herbort, C.P.2
  • 79
    • 14744268618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation outcomes of 5 patients with severe West Nile virus infection: A case series
    • Rao N, Char D, Gnatz S. Rehabilitation outcomes of 5 patients with severe West Nile virus infection: a case series. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 86, 449-452 (2005)
    • (2005) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil , vol.86 , pp. 449-452
    • Rao, N.1    Char, D.2    Gnatz, S.3
  • 80
    • 33745937883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up of 2003 human West Nile virus infections, Denver, Colorado
    • Patnaik JL, Harmon H, Vogt RL. Follow-up of 2003 human West Nile virus infections, Denver, Colorado. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12, 1129-1131.(2006).
    • (2006) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.12 , pp. 1129-1131
    • Patnaik, J.L.1    Harmon, H.2    Vogt, R.L.3
  • 81
    • 2342522669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus infection: A pediatric perspective
    • Hayes EB, O'Leary DR. West Nile virus infection: a pediatric perspective. Pediatric 113, 1375-1381 (2004).
    • (2004) Pediatric , vol.113 , pp. 1375-1381
    • Hayes, E.B.1    O'Leary, D.R.2
  • 82
    • 33748305583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of West Nile virus infection
    • Carson PJ, Konewko P, Wold KS et al. Long-term clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of West Nile virus infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43 723-730 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.43 , pp. 723-730
    • Carson, P.J.1    Konewko, P.2    Wold, K.S.3
  • 83
    • 33847353915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression after infection with West Nile virus
    • Murray KO, Resnick M, Miller V. Depression after infection with West Nile virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13, 479-481 (2007).
    • (2007) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.13 , pp. 479-481
    • Murray, K.O.1    Resnick, M.2    Miller, V.3
  • 84
    • 34250359351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choroidal neovascularization associated with West Nile Virus chorioretinitis
    • Seth RK, Stoessel KM, Adelman RA, Choroidal neovascularization associated with West Nile Virus chorioretinitis. Semin. Ophthalmol. 22, 81-84 (2007).
    • (2007) Semin. Ophthalmol , vol.22 , pp. 81-84
    • Seth, R.K.1    Stoessel, K.M.2    Adelman, R.A.3
  • 86
    • 7644241258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ChimeriVax - West Nile virus live-attenuated vaccine: Preclinical evaluation of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy
    • Arroyo J, Miller C, Catalan J et al. ChimeriVax - West Nile virus live-attenuated vaccine: preclinical evaluation of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. J. Virol. 78, 12497-12507 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Virol , vol.78 , pp. 12497-12507
    • Arroyo, J.1    Miller, C.2    Catalan, J.3
  • 88
    • 33646253695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A live, attenuated recombinant West Nile virus vaccine
    • Monath TP, Liu J, Kanesa-Thasan N et al. A live, attenuated recombinant West Nile virus vaccine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 6694-6699 (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 6694-6699
    • Monath, T.P.1    Liu, J.2    Kanesa-Thasan, N.3
  • 89
    • 34249071934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A West Nile virus recombinant protein vaccine that coactivates innate and adaptive immunity
    • McDonald WF, Huleatt JW, Foellmer HG et al. A West Nile virus recombinant protein vaccine that coactivates innate and adaptive immunity. J. Infect. Dis. 195, 1607-1617 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Infect. Dis , vol.195 , pp. 1607-1617
    • McDonald, W.F.1    Huleatt, J.W.2    Foellmer, H.G.3
  • 90
    • 33847420827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization of flavivirus West Nile recombinant envelope domain III protein induced specific immune response and protection against West Nile virus infection
    • Chu JH, Chiang CC, Ng ML. Immunization of flavivirus West Nile recombinant envelope domain III protein induced specific immune response and protection against West Nile virus infection. J. Immunol. 178, 2699-2705 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 2699-2705
    • Chu, J.H.1    Chiang, C.C.2    Ng, M.L.3
  • 91
    • 34247223776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping and analysis of West Nile virus-specific monoclonal antibodies: Prospects for vaccine development
    • Throsby M, Ter Meulen J, Geuijen C, Goudsmit J, de Kruif J. Mapping and analysis of West Nile virus-specific monoclonal antibodies: prospects for vaccine development. Expert Rev. Vaccines 6(2), 183-191 (2007).
    • (2007) Expert Rev. Vaccines , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-191
    • Throsby, M.1    Ter Meulen, J.2    Geuijen, C.3    Goudsmit, J.4    de Kruif, J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.