West Nile Virus Infection: A Pediatric Perspective

Pediatrics

Volumn 113, Issue 5 I, 2004, Pages 1375-1381

  Hayes, Edward B ^a   O'Leary, Daniel R ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

Breastfeeding; Congenital infection; Encephalitis; Meningitis; West Nile virus

Indexed keywords

NUCLEIC ACID; VIRUS ANTIBODY;

BLOOD TRANSFUSION; BREAST MILK; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; MOSQUITO; NONHUMAN; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SERUM; VECTOR CONTROL; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANIMALS; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; BREAST FEEDING; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CULICIDAE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PEDIATRICS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; UNITED STATES; WEST NILE FEVER; WEST NILE VIRUS;

EID: 2342522669     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.5.1375     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Smithburn KC, Hughes TP, Burke AW, Paul JH. A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda. Am J Trop Med. 1940;20:471-492
2. Hayes CG. West Nile fever. In: Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Vol. 5. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1989:59-88
3. Spigland I, Jasinska-Klingberg W, Hofshi E, Goldblum N. Clinical and laboratory observations in an outbreak of West Nile fever in Israel in 1957. Harefuah. 1958;54:275-281
4. Carey DE, Rodrigues FM, Myers RM, Webb JK. Arthropod-borne viral infections in children in Vellore, South India, with particular reference to dengue and West Nile viruses. Indian Pediatr. 1968;5:285-296
5. George S, Gourie-Devi M, Rao JA, Prasad SR, Pavri KM. Isolation of West Nile virus from the brains of children who had died of encephalitis. Bull World Health Organ. 1984;62:879-882
6. Tsai TF, Popovici F, Cernescu C, Campbell GL, Nedelcu NI, for the Investigative Team. West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania. Lancet. 1998;352:767-771
7. Platonov AE, Shipulin GA, Shipulina OY, et al. Outbreak of West Nile virus infection, Volgograd Region, Russia, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:128-132
8. Chowers MY, Lang R, Nassar F, et al. Clinical characteristics of the West Nile fever outbreak, Israel, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:675-678
9. Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, et al. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1807-1814
10. Mostashari F, Bunning ML, Kitsutani PT, et al. Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey. Lancet. 2001;358:261-264
11. O'Leary DR, Marfin AA, Montgomery SP, et al. The epidemic of West Nile virus in the United States, 2002. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2004;4:61-70
12. Iwamoto M, Jernigan DB, Guasch A, et al. Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2196-2203
13. Harrington T, Kuehnert MJ, Kamel H, et al. West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion. Transfusion. 2003;43:1018-1022
14. Pealer LN, Marfin AA, Petersen LR, et al. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1236-1245
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Intrauterine West Nile virus infection - New York, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:1135-1136
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding - Michigan, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:877-878
17. Alpert SG, Fergerson J, Noel LP. Intrauterine West Nile virus: ocular and systemic findings. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:733-735
18. Chapa JB, Ahn JT, DiGiovanni LM, Ismail MA. West Nile virus encephalitis during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102:229-231
19. Brinton MA. The molecular biology of West Nile virus: a new invader of the western hemisphere. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2002;56:371-402
20. Lanciotti RS, Ebel GD, Deubel V, et al. Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus strains isolated from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. Virology. 2002;298:96-105
21. Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, et al. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science. 1999;286:2333-2337
22. Komar N. West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America. Adv Virus Res. 2003;61:185-234
23. Diamond MS. Evasion of innate and adaptive immunity by flaviviruses. Immunol Cell Biol. 2003;81:196-206
24. Solomon T, Vaughn DW. Pathogenesis and clinical features of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;267:171-194
25. Goldblum N, Sterk VM, Jasisnka-Klingberg W. The natural history of West Nile fever. II. Virological findings and the development of homologous and heterologous antibodies in West Nile infections in man. Am J Hyg. 1957;66:363-380
26. Shieh WJ, Guarner J, Layton M, et al. The role of pathology in an investigation of an outbreak of West Nile encephalitis in New York, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6:370-372
27. Sampson BA, Armbrustmacher V. West Nile encephalitis: the neuropathology of four fatalities. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;951:172-178
28. Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:519-529
29. Asnis DS, Conetta R, Teixeira AA, Waldman G, Sampson BA. The West Nile Virus outbreak of 1999 in New York: the Flushing Hospital experience. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:413-418
30. Weiss D, Carr D, Kellachan J, et al. Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients, New York and New. Jersey, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:654-658
31. Pepperell C, Rau N, Krajden S, et al. West Nile virus infection in 2002: morbidity and mortality among patients admitted to hospital in south-central Ontario. Can Med Assoc J. 2003;168:1399-1405
32. Hubalek Z, Halouzka J, Juricova Z. West Nile fever in Czechland. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:594-595
33. Petersen LR, Marfin AA, Gubler DJ. West Nile virus. JAMA. 2003;290:524-528
34. Sejvar JJ, Haddad MB, Tierney BC, et al. Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection. JAMA. 2003;290:511-515
35. Petersen LR, Marfin AA. West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:173-179
36. Li J, Loeb JA, Shy ME, et al. Asymmetric flaccid paralysis: a neuromuscular presentation of West Nile virus infection. Ann Neurol. 2003;53:703-710
37. Sejvar JJ, Leis AA, Stokic DS, et al. Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:788-793
38. Roehrig JT, Nash D, Maldin B, et al. Persistence of virus-reactive serum immunoglobulin M antibody in confirmed West Nile virus encephalitis cases. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:376-379
39. Prober CG. Central nervous system infections. In: Bergman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2003:2038-2047
40. Jordan I, Briese T, Fischer N, Lau JY, Lipkin WI. Ribavirin inhibits West Nile virus replication and cytopathic effect in neural cells. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:1214-1217
41. Anderson JF, Rahal JJ. Efficacy of interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin against West Nile virus in vitro. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:107-108
42. Spiegel R, Miron D, Gavriel H, Horovitz Y. West Nile virus meningoencephalitis complicated by motor aphasia in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Arch Dis Child. 2002;86:441-442
43. Ben-Nathan D, Lustig S, Tam G, Robinzon S, Segal S, Rager-Zisman B. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in treating West Nile virus infection in mice. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:5-12
44. Shimoni Z, Niven MJ, Pitlick S, Bulvik S. Treatment of West Nile virus encephalitis with intravenous immunoglobulin. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:759
45. Hamdan A, Green P, Mendelson E, Kramer MR, Pitlik S, Weinberger M. Possible benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a lung transplant recipient with West Nile virus encephalitis. Transpl Infect Dis. 4:160-162
46. Agrawal AG, Petersen LR. Human immunoglobulin as a treatment for West Nile virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:1-4
47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for surveillance, prevention, and control of West Nile virus infection - United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49:25-28
48. Fradin MS, Day JF. Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:13-18
49. Koren G, Matsui D, Bailey B. DEET-based insect repellents: safety implications for children and pregnant and lactating women. Can Med Assoc J. 2003;169:209-212
50. Bell JW, Veltri JC, Page BC. Human exposure to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide insect repellents reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers 1993-1997. Int J Toxicol. 2002;21:341-352
51. American Academy of Pediatrics. Follow safety precautions when using DEET on children. Available at: www.aap.org/family/wnv-jun03.htm. Accessed March 12, 2004
52. Canadian Pediatric Society. Insect repellents for children. Available at: www.caringforkids.cps.ca/keepingkidssafe/repellents.htm. Accessed March 12, 2004
53. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Detection of West Nile virus in blood donations - United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:916-919
54. Tesh RB, Arroyo J, Travassos Da Rosa AP, Guzman H, Xiao SY, Monath TP. Efficacy of killed virus vaccine, live attenuated chimeric virus vaccine, and passive immunization for prevention of West Nile virus encephalitis in hamster model. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:1392-1397
55. Pletnev AG, Claire MSt, Elkins R, Speicher J, Murphy BR, Chanock RM. Molecularly engineered live-attenuated chimeric West Nile/dengue virus vaccines protect rhesus monkeys from West Nile virus. Virology. 2003;314:190-195
56. Chang GJ, Davis BS, Hunt AR, Holmes DA, Kuno G. Flavivirus DNA vaccines: current status and potential. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001,951:272-285
57. Hall RA, Nisbet DJ, Pham KB, Pyke AT, Smith GA, Khromykh AA. DNA vaccine coding for the full-length infectious Kunjin virus RNA protects mice against the New York strain of West Nile virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:10460-10464