Assessing and maximizing the safety and tolerability of antipsychotics used in the treatment of children and adolescents

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 69, Issue SUPPL. 4, 2008, Pages 26-36

  Correll, Christoph U ^a,b  

^a ZUCKER HILLSIDE HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; ARIPIPRAZOLE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLOZAPINE; HALOPERIDOL; LITHIUM; MOLINDONE; MOOD STABILIZER; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PALIPERIDONE; PERPHENAZINE; PLACEBO; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; VALPROIC ACID; ZIPRASIDONE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PROLACTIN;

AGITATION; AKATHISIA; ALERTNESS; AMENORRHEA; ANXIETY; BINDING AFFINITY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLURRED VISION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONSTIPATION; DIAPHORESIS; DIARRHEA; DIETARY INTAKE; DIZZINESS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSKINESIA; DYSTONIA; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; GALACTORRHEA; HUMAN; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; HYPOTENSION; INCREASED APPETITE; INSOMNIA; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MANIA; MONOTHERAPY; NAUSEA; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; PARKINSONISM; PATIENT COUNSELING; PATIENT MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEDATION; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SIDE EFFECT; SOMNOLENCE; SYNCOPE; TACHYCARDIA; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA; URINE RETENTION; VOMITING; WEIGHT GAIN; ADOLESCENT; AWARENESS; BINDING SITE; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CHILD; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MONITORING; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; RISK REDUCTION; SENSORY RECEPTOR; VISUAL DISORDER;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; AWARENESS; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BINDING SITES; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS; DRUG MONITORING; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; HUMANS; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; PROLACTIN; RECEPTORS, SENSORY; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; VISION DISORDERS;

EID: 46649109792     PISSN: 01606689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Cooper WO, Arbogast PG, Ding H, et al. Trends in prescribing of antipsychotic medications for US children. Ambul Pediatr 2006;6:79-83
2. Correll CU, Penzner JB, Parikh UH, et al. Recognizing and monitoring adverse events of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 2006;15:177-206
3. Kumra S, Oberstar JV, Sikich L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2008;34:60-71
4. Correll CU. Antipsychotic use in children and adolescents: minimizing adverse effects to maximize outcomes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008;47:9-20
5. Stahl SM. Psychopharmacology of Antipsychotics. London, England: Martin Dunitz; 1999
6. Stahl SM, Shayegan DK. The psychopharmacology of ziprasidone: receptor-binding properties and real-world psychiatric practice. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64(suppl 19):6-12
7. Wood MD, Scott C, Clarke K, et al. Pharmacologic profile of antipsychotics at monoamine receptors: atypicality beyond 5-HT2A receptor blockade. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2006;5:445-452
8. Haddad PM, Sharma SG. Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics: differential risk and clinical implications. CNS Drugs 2007;21:911-936
9. Keepers GA, Clappison VJ, Casey DE. Initial anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:1113-1117
10. Sikich L, Hamer RM, Bashford RA, et al. A pilot study of risperidone, olanzapine, and haloperidol in psychotic youth: a double-blind, randomized, 8-week trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:133-145
11. Sacristan JA, Gomez JC, Ferre F, et al. Incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms during treatment with olanzapine, haloperidol, and risperidone: results of an observational study. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2001;29:25-32
12. Laita P, Cifuentes A, Doll A, et al. Antipsychotic-related abnormal involuntary movements and metabolic and endocrine side effects in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:487-502
13. Findling RA, Nyilas M, Auby P, et al. Tolerability of aripiprazole in the treatment of adolescents with schizophrenia. In: New Research Program and Abstracts of the 160th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; May 23, 2007; San Diego, Calif. Abstract NR741:319
14. Correll CU, Nyilas M, Aurang C, et al. Safety and tolerability of aripiprazole in children (10-17) with mania [poster]. Presented at the 54th annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Oct 23-28, 2007; Boston, Mass
15. Haas M, Unis AS, Copenhaver M, et al. Efficacy and safety of risperidone in adolescents with schizophrenia. In: New Research Program and Abstracts of the 160th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; May 22, 2007; San Diego, Calif. Abstract NR516:221
16. Correll CU, Leucht S, Kane JM. Lower risk of tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:414-425
17. Correll CU, Kane JM. One-year incidence rates of tardive dyskinesia in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review. J Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:647-656
18. Magulac M, Landsverk J, Golshan S, et al. Abnormal involuntary movements in neuroleptic-naive children and adolescents. Can J Psychiatry 1999;44:368-373
19. Byerly M, Suppes T, Tran QV, et al. Clinical implications of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar spectrum disorders: recent developments and current perspectives. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27:639-661
20. Howard L, Kirkwood G, Leese M. Risk of hip fracture in patients with a history of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2007;190:129-134
21. Correll CU, Carlson HE. Endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:771-791
22. Tohen M, Kryzhanovskaya L, Carlson G, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of adolescents with bipolar mania. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:1547-1556
23. Naidoo U, Goff DC, Kilbanski A. Hyperprolactinemia and bone mineral density: the potential impact of antipsychotic agents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003;28:97-108
24. Harvey PW, Everett DJ, Springall CJ. Hyperprolactinaemia as an adverse effect in regulatory and clinical toxicology: role in breast and prostate cancer. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006;25:395-404
25. Doraiswamy PM, Schott G, Star K, et al. Atypical antipsychotics and pituitary neoplasms in the WHO database. Psychopharmacol Bull 2007;40:74-76
26. Eberhard J, Lindstrome E, Holstad M, et al. Prolactin level during 5 years of risperidone treatment in patients with psychotic disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007;115:268-276
27. Findling RL, Kusumakar V, Daneman D, et al. Prolactin levels during long-term risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1362-1369
28. Dunbar F, Kusumakar V, Daneman D, et al. Growth and sexual maturation during long-term treatment with risperidone. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:918-920
29. Toren P, Ratner S, Laor N, et al. Benefit-risk assessment of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and comorbid disorders in children and adolescents. Drug Saf 2004;27:1135-1156
30. McConville BJ, Sorter MT. Treatment challenges and safety considerations for antipsychotic use in children and adolescents with psychoses. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(suppl 6):20-29
31. Correll CU. Balancing efficacy and safety in treatment with antipsychotics. CNS Spectr 2007;12(suppl 17):12-20
32. Kryzhanovskaya L, Schulz CM, McDougle CJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of olanzapine in adolescents with schizophrenia: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [poster]. Presented at the 44th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Dec 11-15, 2005; Waikoloa, Hawaii
33. Pandina G, DelBello MP, Kushner S, et al. Risperidone for the treatment of acute mania in bipolar youth [poster]. Presented at the 54th annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Oct 23-28, 2007; Boston, Mass
34. DelBello MP, Findling RL, Earley WR, et al. Efficacy of quetiapine in children and adolescents with bipolar mania: a 3-week, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [poster]. Presented at the 46th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Dec 9-13, 2007; Boca Raton, Fla
35. Correll CU. Clinical psychopharmacology of pediatric mood stabilizer and antipsychotic treatment, part 2: methodological considerations. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:1441-1442
36. Aman MG, Binder C, Turgay A. Risperidone effects in the presence/absence of psychostimulant medicine in children with ADHD, other disruptive behavior disorders, and subaverage IQ. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004;14:243-254
37. DelBello MP, Schwiers ML, Rosenberg HL, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine as adjunctive treatment for adolescent mania. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:1216-1223
38. Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet 2002;360:473-482
39. Stigler KA, Potenza MN, Posey DJ, et al. Weight gain associated with atypical antipsychotic use in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical relevance, and management. Paediatr Drugs 2004;6:33-44
40. Shaw P, Sporn A, Gogtay N, et al. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized clozapine-olanzapine comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:721-730
41. Kumra S, Frazier JA, Jacobsen LK, et al. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: a double-blind clozapine-haloperidol comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:1090-1097
42. Fleischhacker C, Heiser P, Hennighausen K, et al. Clinical drug monitoring in child and adolescent psychiatry: side effects of atypical neuroleptics. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16:308-316
43. Ratzoni G, Gothelf D, Brand-Gothelf A, et al. Weight gain associated with olanzapine and risperidone in adolescent patients: a comparative prospective study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:337-343
44. Biederman J, Mick E, Hammerness P, et al. Open-label, 8-week trial of olanzapine and risperidone for the treatment of bipolar disorder in preschool-age children. Biol Psychiatry 2005;58:589-594
45. McClellan J, Sikich L, Findling RL, et al. Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS): rationale, design, and methods. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:969-978
46. Correll CU. Weight gain and metabolic effects of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in pediatric bipolar disorder: a systematic review and pooled analysis of short-term trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:687-700
47. Findling RL, Aman MG, Eerdekens M, et al. Long-term, open-label study of risperidone in children with severe disruptive behaviors and below-average IQ. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:677-684
48. Croonenberghs J, Fegert JM, Findling RL, et al. Risperidone in children with disruptive behavior disorders and subaverage intelligence: a 1-year, open-label study of 504 patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;44:64-72
49. Turgay A, Binder C, Snyder R, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs. Pediatrics 2002;110:e34
50. Reyes M, Buitelaar J, Toren P, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone maintenance treatment in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:402-410
51. Martin A, Scahill L, Anderson GM, et al. Weight and leptin changes among risperidone-treated youths with autism: 6-month prospective data. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1125-1127
52. Dietz WH, Robinson TN. Clinical practice. Overweight children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2100-2109
53. Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, et al. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1350-1355
54. Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Tang R, et al. The relation of obesity throughout life to carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Int J Obes Metab Disord 2004;28:159-166
55. Srinivasan SR, Myers L, Berenson GS. Predictability of childhood adiposity and insulin for developing insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in young adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes 2002;51:204-209
56. Correll CU. Monitoring and management of antipsychotic-related metabolic and endocrine adverse effects in pediatric patients. Int Rev Psychiatry 2008;20:195-201
57. Lee JM, Okumura MJ, Davis MM, et al. Prevalence and determinants of insulin resistance among US adolescents: a population-based study. Diabetes Care 2006;29:2427-2432
58. Ashley FW Jr, Kannel WB. Relation of weight change to changes in atherogenic traits: the Framingham study. J Chron Dis 1974;27:103-114
59. Castelli WP. The triglyceride issue: a view from Framingham. Am Heart J 1986;112:432-437
60. Grundy SM, Balady GJ, Criqui MH, et al. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: guidance from Framingham. Circulation 1998;97:1876-1887
61. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, et al. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1982;67:968-977
62. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, et al. Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 1971;74:1-12
63. Faulkner G, Cohn T, Remington G. Interventions to reduce weight gain in schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD005148
64. American Medical Association. Expert Committee Recommendations on the Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association; 2007. Available at http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/433/ped_obesity_recs.pdf. Accessed Jan 22, 2008