A conceptual framework for understanding the strengths of black youths

Journal of Black Psychology

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 261-280

  Nicolas, Guerda ^a   Helms, Janet E ^a   Jernigan, Maryam M ^a   Sass, Theresa ^a   Skrzypek, Adrienne ^a   Desilva, Angela M ^a  

^a BOSTON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Black; Resistance; Strengths; Youths

Indexed keywords

EID: 46649092199     PISSN: 00957984     EISSN: 15524558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0095798408316794     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Baer, H.A. (1984). The black spiritual movement: A religious response to racism. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
2. Billingsley, A. (1992). Climbing Jacob's ladder: The enduring legacy of African-American families. New York: Simon & Schuster.
3. Blustein, D.L. (2006). The psychology of working: A new perspective for career development, counseling, and public policy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
4. Boyd-Franklin, N. (2003). Black families in therapy: Understanding the African American experience. New York: Guilford Press.
5. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
6. Choi, H. (2002). Understanding adolescent depression in ethnocultural context. Advances in Nursing Science, 25, 71-85.
7. Clark, M.L. (1989). Friendships and peer relations of Black adolescents. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black adolescents (pp. 175-204). Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry.
8. Coard, S.I., Wallace, S.A., Stevenson, H.C., & Brotman, L.M. (2004). Towards culturally relevant preventive interventions: The consideration of racial socialization in parent training with African American families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13, 277-293.
9. Cole-Taylor, L. (2003). Anti-racist educational training: A qualitative inquiry. Dissertation Abstracts International, 64 (5). 1593A.
10. Constantine, M., & Blackmon, S.M. (2002). Black adolescents' racial socialization experiences: Their relations to home, school, and peer self-esteem. Journal of Black Studies, 32, 322-335.
11. Davis, L.E., Johnson, S., Cribbs, J.M., & Saunders, J. (2002). A brief report: Factors influencing African American youth decisions to stay in school. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17, 223-234.
12. Davis, R. (1960). Black suicide and social support systems: An overview and some implications for mental health practitioners. Phylon, 43, 307-314.
13. Durant, R.H., Cadenhead, C., Pendergrast, G., Slavens, G., & Linder, C.W. (1994). Factors associated with the use of violence among urban black adolescents. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 612-617.
14. Ellison, C. G., Boardman, J. D., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2001). Religious involvement, stress, and mental health: Findings from the 1995 Detroit Area Study. Social Forces, 80, 215-249.
15. Fashola, O. (2003). Developing the talents of African American male students during the non-school hours. Urban Education, 38, 398-430.
16. Ferguson, A.A. (2000). Bad boys: Public schools in the making of Black masculinity (law, meaning, and violence). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
17. Fischer, A.R., & Shaw, C.M. (1999). African American mental health perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 395-407.
18. Franklin, A.J. (1989). Therapeutic interventions with urban Black adolescents. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black adolescents (pp. 309-337). Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry.
19. Franklin, A.J. (2004). From brotherhood to manhood: How Black men rescue their relationships and dreams from the invisibility syndrome. New York: Wiley.
20. Garcia-Coll, C., & Magnuson, K. (2000). Cultural differences as sources of developmental vulnerabilities and resource: A view from developmental research. In J. S. Meisels & P. J. Shonkoff (Eds.), Handbook of early childhood intervention (pp. 94-111). New York: Cambridge University Press.
21. Garmezy, N. (1991). Resilience and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 416-430.
22. Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (2003). Children of color: Psychological interventions with culturally diverse youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23. Harps, S.N. (2005). Race-related stress, racial socialization, and African American adolescent adjustment: Examining the mediating role of racial identity. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 66 (5A). 1975.
24. Harrison-Hale, A.O., McLoyd, V.C., & Smedley, B. (2004). Racial and ethnic status: Risk and protective processes among African American families. In K. I. Maton, C. J. Schellenbach, B. J. Leadbeater, & A. L. Solarz (Eds.), Investing in children, youth, families, and communities (pp. 269-283). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25. Harvey, A.R., & Rauch, J.B. (1997). A comprehensive Afrocentric rites of passage program for Black male adolescents. Health & Social Work, 22 (1). 30-37.
26. Helms, J. E. (Ed.). (1990). Black and White racial identity: Theory, research and practice. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
27. Helms, J.E. (2003 a). Racial identity and racial socialization as aspects of adolescents' identity development. In R. Learner, F. Jacobs, & D. Wertlief (Eds.), Handbook of applied developmental science: Promoting positive child, adolescent, and family development through research, policies, and programs (Vol. 1, pp. 143-163). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
28. Helms, J.E. (2003 b). Racial identity in the social environment. In P. B. Pedersen & J. Carey (Eds.), Multicultural counseling in schools: A practical handbook (2 nd ed., pp. 44-58). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
29. Hill, S.A. (1999). African American children: Socialization and development in families. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
30. Hollister-Wagner, G., Foshee, V.A., & Jackson, C. (2001). Adolescent aggression: Models of resiliency. Journal of. Applied Social Psychology, 31, 445-466.
31. Hopps, G., Tourse, R.W., & Christian, O. (2002). From problems to personal resilience: Challenges and opportunities in practice with African American youth. In D. de Anda (Ed.), Social work with multicultural youth (pp. 55-77). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Social Work Practice Press.
32. Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E.P., Johnson, D., Stevenson, H.C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42, 747-770.
33. Juby, H.L., & Concepcion, W.R. (2005). Ethnicity: The term and its meaning. In R. Carter (Ed.), Handbook of racial-cultural psychology and counseling: Theory and research (Vol. 1, pp. 26-39). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
34. King, N.J., & Madsen, E. (2007). Contextual influences on the career development of low-income African American youth: Considering an ecological approach. Journal of Career Development, 33, 395-411.
35. Linley, P.A., & Harrington, S.P. (2006). Playing to your strengths. The Psychologist, 19, 86-89.
36. Luthar, S.S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543-562.
37. Masten, A.S., Best, K.M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
38. Masten, A., & Coatsworth, J.D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments. American Psychologist, 53, 205-220.
39. Masten, A., & Garmezy, N. (1985). Risk, vulnerability, and protective factors in developmental psychopathology. In B. Lahey & A. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 1-52). New York: Plenum Press.
40. McAdoo, H.P. (1981). Black families. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
41. McLoyd, V.C. (1999). Culture and development in our postcultural age. In A. S. Masten (Ed.), Cultural processes in child development (pp. 123-135). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
42. Mitchell, S.G., & Logan, S.L. (1996). Reconceptualizing youth violence: Implications for positive change. In S. L. Logan (Ed.), The Black family: Strengths, self-help, and positive change (pp. 83-107). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
43. Monk, M. (1987). Epidemiology of suicide. Epidemiology Review, 9, 51-56.
44. Musgrave, C.F., Allen, C.E., & Allen, G.J. (2002). Spirituality and health for women of color. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 557-560.
45. Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (Eds.). (1996). Mental health in Black America. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
46. Nicolas, G., Gonzalez-Eastep, D., & Desilva, A. (2006). Spirituality and ethnic minorities. In Y. Jackson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of multicultural psychology (pp. 443-445). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
47. Nobles, W.W. (1985). Africanity and the Black family: The development of a theoretical model (2 nd ed.). Oakland, CA: Institute for the Advanced Study of Black Family Life and Culture.
48. Noguera, P.A. (2003). The trouble with Black boys: The role and influence of environmental and cultural factors on the academic performance of African American males. Urban Education, 38, 431-459.
49. Ogbu, J.U. (1997). Understanding the school performance of urban African Americans: Some essential background knowledge. In H. Walberg, O. Reyes, & R. Weissberg (Eds.), Children and youth: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 190-222). London: Sage.
50. Osbourne, J.W. (1997). Race and academic disidentification. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 728-735.
51. Peretti, P.O., & Wilson, T.T. (1995). Unfavorable outcomes of the identity crisis among African-American adolescents influenced by enforced acculturation. Social Behavior and Personality, 23, 171-175.
52. Perry, T., Steele, C., & Hilliard, A. (2003). Young, gifted, and Black: Promoting high achievement among African American students. Boston: Beacon Street Press.
53. Rice, F.P., & Dolgin K. G. (2002). The adolescent: Development, relationships, and culture (10 th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
54. Rollins, V.B., & Valdez, J.N. (2006). Perceived racism and career self-efficacy in African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 176-198.
55. Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and Black culture in contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
56. Saddler, C.A. (2005). The brown on African American students: A critical race theoretical perspective. Journal of the American Educational Studies Association, 37, 41-55.
57. Santelises, S.B. (2004). Being smart, being Black: African-American high achievers in the context of high school. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 65 (5). 1730-A.
58. Sellers, R., Copeland-Linder, N., Martin, P.L., & Lewis, R.L. (2006). Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 187-216.
59. Smith, H.Y. (1996). Building on the strengths of Black families: Self-help and empowerment. In S. L. Logan (Ed.), The Black family: Strengths, self-help, and positive change (pp. 21-38). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
60. Spencer, M.B. (2005). Crafting identities and accessing opportunities post-Brown. American Psychologist, 60, 818-830.
61. Stevenson, H.C., Reed, J., Bodison, P., & Bishop, A. (1997). Racism and stress management: Racial socialization beliefs and the experience of depression and anger in African American youth. Youth and Society, 29, 197-222.
62. Swanson, D.P., Spencer, M.B., Dell'Angleo, T., Harpalani, V., & Spencer, T. (2002). Identity processes and the positive youth development of African Americans: An explanatory framework. In C. S. Taylor, R. M. Lerner, & A. von Eye (Eds.), New directions for youth development: Theory, practice and research (pp. 73-99). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
63. Taylor, R.J., Chatters, L.M., Tucker, M.B., & Lewis, E. (1990). Developments in research on Black families: A decade review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 993-1014.
64. Thornton, M.C., Chatters, L.M., Taylor, R.J., & Allen, W.R. (1990). Sociodemographic and environmental correlates of racial socialization by Black parents. Child Development, 61, 401-409.
65. Tyson, K., Darity, W., & Castillino, D.R. (2005). It's not "a Black thing": Understanding the burden of acting White and other dilemmas of high achievement. American Sociological Review, 70, 582-605.
66. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental health: Culture, race, and ethnicity-A supplement to mental health: A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: Author.
67. Ward, J.V. (2007). Uncovering truths, recovering lives: Lessons of resistance in the socialization of Black girls. In B. Leadbeater & N. Way (Eds.), Urban girls revisited: Building strengths (pp. 243-260). New York: New York University Press.
68. Watkins, C.S. (1998). Hip hop culture and the production of Black cinema. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
69. Watts, R.J., Williams, N.C., & Jagers, R.J. (2003). Sociopolitical development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31, 185-194.
70. Wills, T.A., Murry, V.M., Brody, G.H., Gibbons, F.X., Gerrard, M., Walker, C., et al. (2007). Ethnic pride and self-control related to protective and risk factors: Test of the heuristic model for the strong African-American families program. Health Psychology, 26, 50-59.
71. Yirenkyi, G.A. (2003). Racial socialization and academic resiliency among at-risk minority high school students. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B: Sciences and Engineering, 64 (6). 2948.