Photoconductivity in organic thin films: From picoseconds to seconds after excitation

Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 103, Issue 12, 2008, Pages

  Day, J ^a   Subramanian, S ^b   Anthony, J E ^b   Lu, Z ^c   Twieg, R J ^c   Ostroverkhova, O ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^c KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARRIER TRANSPORT; CHARGE DISTRIBUTION; CIVIL AVIATION; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS; ELECTRIC FIELD MEASUREMENT; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; ELECTROMAGNETISM; MAGNETISM; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; PHOTOELECTRICITY; PHOTOEXCITATION; PHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS; SOLIDS; THICK FILMS; THIN FILMS;

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS (AIP); AMORPHOUS GLASSES; ANTHRADITHIOPHENE; APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD; BROAD DISTRIBUTIONS; CARRIER (CO); CHARGE TRANSPORTING; CHOPPER FREQUENCY; CONTINUOUS WAVE (C.W.); DETAILED STUDY; DICYANOMETHYLENEDIHYDROFURAN (DCDHF); FILM QUALITIES; FUNCTIONALIZED; GROWN THIN FILMS; ON TIME; OPTICAL CHOPPER; ORGANIC THIN FILMS; PC FILMS; PENTACENE (PEN); PHOTO GENERATION; PHOTO-EXCITED CARRIERS; PHOTO-GENERATED CARRIERS; PICOSECOND TIME; PICOSECONDS; POWER-LAW DECAYING; ROOM-TEMPERATURE (RT); TIME SCALING; TRANSIENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY;

CHARGE CARRIERS;

EID: 46449091719     PISSN: 00218979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.2946453     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. S. R. Forrest, Nature (London) 0028-0836 10.1038/nature02498 428, 911 (2004).
2. O. Ostroverkhova and W. E. Moerner, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 0009-2665 10.1021/cr960055c 104, 3267 (2004).
3. J. E. Anthony, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 0009-2665 10.1021/cr050966z 106, 5028 (2006).
4. A. R. Murphy and J. M. J. Frechet, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 0009-2665 10.1021/cr0501386 107, 1066 (2007).
5. J. Zaumseil and H. Sirringhaus, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 0009-2665 10.1021/cr0501543 107, 1296 (2007).
6. I. D. W. Samuel and G. A. Turnbull, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 0009-2665 10.1021/cr050152i 107, 1272 (2007).
7. Y. Shirota and H. Kageyama, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 0009-2665 10.1021/cr050143+ 107, 953 (2007).
8. V. Podzorov, E. Menard, A. Borissov, V. Kiryukhin, J. A. Rogers, and M. E. Gershenson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.086602 93, 086602 (2004).
9. O. D. Jurchescu, J. Baas, and T. T. M. Palstra, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1704874 84, 3061 (2004).
10. J. Y. Kim, K. Lee, N. E. Coates, D. Moses, T. Q. Nguyen, M. Dante, and A. J. Heeger, Science 0036-8075 10.1126/science.1141711 317, 222 (2007).
11. N. S. Sariciftci, Primary Photoexcitations in Conjugated Polymers: Molecular Exciton Versus Semiconductor Band Model (World Scientific, Singapore, 1997).
12. F. A. Hegmann, Phys. Can. 59, 127 (2003).
13. Z. Li, V. Podzorov, N. Sai, M. C. Martin, M. E. Gershenson, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.016403 99, 016403 (2007).
14. D. Moses, C. Soci, X. Chi, and A. P. Ramirez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.067401 97, 067401 (2006).
15. V. K. Thorsmølle, R. D. Averitt, X. Chi, D. J. Hilton, D. L. Smith, A. P. Ramirez, and A. J. Taylor, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1644046 84, 891 (2004).
16. O. Ostroverkhova, D. G. Cooke, S. Shcherbyna, R. F. R. F. Egerton, F. A. Hegmann, R. R. Tykwinski, and J. E. Anthony, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.035204 71, 035204 (2005).
17. O. Ostroverkhova, S. Shcherbyna, D. G. Cooke, R. F. Egerton, F. A. Hegmann, R. R. Tykwinski, S. R. Parkin, and J. E. Anthony, J. Appl. Phys. 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1949711 98, 033701 (2005).
18. O. Ostroverkhova, D. G. Cooke, F. A. Hegmann, J. E. Anthony, V. Podzorov, M. E. Gershenson, O. D. Jurchescu, and T. T. M. Palstra, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2193801 88, 162101 (2006).
19. R. Schuster, M. Knupfer, and H. Berger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.037402 98, 037402 (2007).
20. H. Marciniak, M. Fiebig, S. Schiefer, B. Nickel, F. Selmaier, and S. Lochbrunner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.176402 99, 176402 (2007).
21. V. Coropceanu, J. Cornil, D. A. da Silva Filho, Y. Olivier, R. Silbey, and J. L. Bredas, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 0009-2665 10.1021/cr050140x 107, 926 (2007).
22. F. A. Hegmann, O. Ostroverkhova, and D. G. Cooke, in Photophysics of Molecular Materials, edited by, G. Lanzani, (Wiley, Weinheim, 2006), pp. 367-428.
23. D. Moses, A. Dogariu, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.9373 61, 9373 (2000).
24. C. Soci, D. Moses, Q. H. Xu, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.245204 72, 245204 (2005).
25. D. Moses, H. Okumoto, C. H. Lee, A. J. Heeger, T. Ohnishi, and T. Noguchi, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.4748 54, 4748 (1996).
26. H. Y. Liang, W. L. Cao, M. Du, Y. Kim, W. N. Herman, and C. H. Lee, Chem. Phys. Lett. 0009-2614 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.11.071 419, 292 (2006).
27. T. Tokumoto, J. S. Brooks, R. Clinite, X. Wei, J. E. Anthony, D. L. Eaton, and S. R. Parkin, J. Appl. Phys. 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1510164 92, 5208 (2002).
28. J. S. Brooks, T. Tokumoto, E. S. Choi, D. Graf, N. Biskup, D. L. Eaton, J. E. Anthony, and S. A. Odom, J. Appl. Phys. 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1784619 96, 3312 (2004).
29. D. Moses, J. Wang, G. Yu, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2685 80, 2685 (1998).
30. G. Horowitz, F. Kouki, P. Valat, P. Delannoy, and J. Roussel, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.10651 59, 10651 (1999).
31. C. H. Lee, G. Yu, D. Moses, V. I. Srdanov, X. Wei, and Z. V. Vardeny, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.8506 48, 8506 (1993).
32. S. K. Park, T. N. Jackson, J. E. Anthony, and D. A. Mourey, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2768934 91, 063514 (2007).
33. O. Ostroverkhova, U. Gubler, D. Wright, W. E. Moerner, M. He, and R. Twieg, Adv. Funct. Mater. 12, 621 (2002).
34. O. Ostroverkhova, W. E. Moerner, M. He, and R. Twieg, ChemPhysChem 1439-4235 10.1002/cphc.200200633 4, 732 (2003).
35. A. P. Platt, J. Day, M. J. Kendrick, S. Subramanian, J. E. Anthony, and O. Ostroverkhova, CLEO-QELS (Optical Society of America, Baltimore, MD, 2007).
36. K. A. Willets, O. Ostroverkhova, M. He, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 0002-7863 10.1021/ja029100q 125, 1174 (2003).
37. K. A. Willets, S. Y. Nishimura, P. J. Schuck, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, Acc. Chem. Res. 0001-4842 10.1021/ar0401294 38, 549 (2005).
38. O. Ostroverkhova, D. G. Cooke, F. A. Hegmann, R. R. Tykwinski, S. R. Parkin, and J. E. Anthony, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2387135 89, 192113 (2006).
39. D. Moses, C. Soci, P. Miranda, and A. J. Heeger, Chem. Phys. Lett. 0009-2614 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01317-3 350, 531 (2001).
40. C. Im, E. V. Emelianova, H. Bassler, H. Spreitzer, and H. Becker, J. Chem. Phys. 0021-9606 10.1063/1.1490581 117, 2961 (2002).
41. E. L. Frankevich, Chem. Phys. Rep. 1074-1550 17, 2069 (1999).
42. C. H. Lee, G. Yu, D. Moses, and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.2396 49, 2396 (1994).
43. F. A. Hegmann, O. Ostroverkhova, J. Gao, L. Barker, R. R. Tykwinski, J. E. Bullock, and J. E. Anthony, Proc. SPIE 5352, 196 (2004). 0277-786X
44. M. C. Beard, G. M. Turner, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15764 62, 15764 (2000).
45. P. Parkinson, J. Lloyd-Hughes, Q. Gao, H. H. Tan, C. Jagadish, M. B. Johnston, and L. M. Herz, Nano Lett. 1530-6984 10.1021/nl071162x 7, 2162 (2007).
46. J. S. Blakemore, J. Appl. Phys. 0021-8979 10.1063/1.331665 53, R123 (1982).
47. O. E. Madelung, Semiconductors Basic Data (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996).
48. N. Karl, Synth. Met. 0379-6779 133-134, 649 (2003).
49. N. Karl, in Organic Electronic Materials, Springer Series in Materials Science, edited by, R. Farchioni, and, G. Grosso, (Springer, New York, 2001), p. 449.
50. E. Hendry, J. M. Schins, L. P. Candeias, L. D. A. Siebbeles, and M. Bonn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.196601 92, 196601 (2004).
51. G. Priebe, B. Pietzak, and R. Könenkamp, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.119368 71, 2160 (1997).
52. M. Abkowitz, A. Lakatos, and H. Scher, Phys. Rev. B. 9, 1813 (1974).
53. O. Ostroverkhova, W. E. Moerner, M. He, and R. J. Twieg, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1577214 82, 3602 (2003).
54. E. A. Silinsh and V. Capec, Organic Molecular Crystals: Interaction, Localization and Transport Phenomena (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994).
55. M. Pope and C. E. Swenberg, Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals and Polymers, 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press, New York, 1999).
56. J. C. Sancho-Garcia, G. Horowitz, J. L. Bredas, and J. Cornil, J. Chem. Phys. 0021-9606 10.1063/1.1625918 119, 12563 (2003).
57. G. Dellepiane, C. Cuniberti, D. Comoretto, G. F. Musso, G. Figari, A. Piaggi, and A. Borghesi, Phys. Rev. B 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.7850 48, 7850 (1993).
58. G. A. Gamal and M. I. Azad, Eur. Phys. J.: Appl. Phys. 1286-0042 10.1051/epjap:2005066 32, 1 (2005).
59. A. Eray, G. Nobile, and F. Palma, Mater. Sci. Eng., B 0921-5107 10.1016/S0921-5107(03)00089-8 102, 398 (2003).
60. R. Schwarz, R. Cabeca, E. Morgado, M. Niehus, O. Ambacher, C. Marques, and E. Alves, Diamond Relat. Mater. 0925-9635 10.1016/j.diamond.2007.01.017 16, 1437 (2007).
61. A. Rose, Concepts in Photoconductivity and Allied Problems (Interscience, New York, 1963).