Growth and injury patterns of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings as affected by hardwood overstory density and weeding treatments

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 61-68

  Krueger, Jerome A ^a   Puettmann, Klaus J ^b  

^a UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY   (United States)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Competition; Injury agents; Overstory density; Understory vegetation management; White pine

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPETITION; FORESTRY; HARDWOODS; NUTRITION; SEED; SOILS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

INJURY AGENTS; OVERSTORY DENSITY; QUADRATIC MEANS; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION MANAGEMENT;

VEGETATION;

COMPETITION; FORESTRY; HARDWOODS; NUTRIENTS; PINUS MONTICOLA; PLANTS; SEEDS; SOIL;

CRONARTIUM FLACCIDUM; CRONARTIUM RIBICOLA; MONTICOLA; PINUS MONTICOLA; PINUS STROBUS; STROBUS;

EID: 4644340349     PISSN: 07426348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/njaf/21.2.61     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. ACKER, S.A., E.K. ZENNER, AND W.H. EMMINGHAM. 1998. Structure and yield of two-aged stands on the Willamette National Forest, Oregon: Implications for green tree retention. Can. J. For. Res. 28:749-758.
2. BELL, F.W., M.T. TER-MIKAELIAN, AND R.G. WAGNER. 2000. Relative competitiveness of nine-early-successional species of boreal forest plants associated with seedlings of jack pine and black spruce. Can. J. For. Res. 30:790-800.
3. BRAND, D.G., AND P.S. JANAS. 1988. Growth and acclimation of planted white pine and white spruce seedlings in response to environmental conditions. Can. J. For. Res. 18:320-329.
4. BROWN, T. N., M.A. WHITE, AND G.E. HOST. 1999. Identification of risk factors for blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) on eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Natural Resources Research Institute. University of Minnesota, Duluth.
5. COMEAU, P.G., F. GENDRON, AND T. LETCHFORD. 1998. A comparison of several methods for estimating light under a paper birch mixedwood stand. Can. J. For. Res. 28:1843-1850.
6. COMEAU, P.G. 2001. Relationships between stand parameters and understorey light in boreal aspen stands. B. C. J. Ecosystem Manage. 1(2) 1-8 (article 2).
7. CORNETT, M.W., K.J. PUETTMANN, AND P.B. REICH. 1998. Canopy type, forest floor, predation, and competition influence conifer seedling emergence and early survival in two Minnesota conifer-deciduous forests. Can. J. For. Res. 28(2):196-205.
8. DAHIR, S.E., AND J.E. CUMMINGS CARLSON. 2001. Incidence of white pine blister rust in a high-hazard region of Wisconsin. North. J. Appl. For. 18(3):81-86.
9. DAVIS, A., K.J. PUETTMANN, AND D. PERALA. 1998. Site preparation treatments and browse protection affect establishment and growth of northern white-cedar. USDA For. Ser. North Central Forest Experiment Station Research Paper NC-330. 9 p.
10. DROOZ, A.T. 1985. Insects of eastern forests. USDA For. Ser. Misc. Pub. No. 1426. 608 p.
11. FRANKLIN, J.F., D.R. BERG, D.A. THORNBURGH, AND J.C. TAPPEINER. 1997. Alternative silvicultural approaches to timber harvesting: Variable retention harvest systems. P. 111-139 in Creating a forestry for the 21st century, Kohm, K.A., and J.F. Franklin (eds.). Island Press, Washington DC.
12. FREEMAN, P.C., AND D.H. VAN LEAR. 1977. Performance of eastern white pine and competing vegetation following two methods of stand conversion. South. J. Appl. For. 1(3):7-9.
13. GENDRON, F., C. MESSIER, AND P.G. COMEAU. 1998. Comparison of various methods for estimating the mean growing season percent photosynthetic photon flux density in forests. Ag. For. Met. 92:55-70.
14. GROSS, H.L. 1985. White pine blister rust: A discussion of the disease and hazard zones for Ontario. P. 73-79 in Proc. of the entomological society of Ontario. Supplement to Vol. 116 (White Pine Symposium).
15. HALPERN, C.B., S.A. EVANS, C.R. NELSON, D. MCKENZIE, D. LIGUORI, D.E. HIBBS, AND M.G. HALAJ. 1999. Response of forest vegetation to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention: An overview of a long-term experiment. Northwest Sci. 73:27-44 (special issue).
16. HARRINGTON, T.B., R.G. WAGNER, S. R. RADOSEVICH, AND J.D. WALSTAD. 1995. Interspecific competition and herbicide injury influence 10-year responses of coastal Douglas-fir and associated vegetation to release treatments. For. Ecol. Manage. 76 (1-3):55-67.
17. HUNT, R.S. 1997. White pine blister rust. P. 26-27 in Compendium of conifer diseases, Hansen, E.M., and K.J. Lewis (eds.). APS Press, St. Paul, MN.
18. KATOVICH, S.A., AND F.S. MORSE. 1992. White pine weevil response to oak overstory girdling-results from a 16-year study. North. J. Appl. For. 9(2):51-54.
19. LANCASTER, K.F., AND W.B. LEAK. 1978. A silvicultural guide for white pine in the northeast. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. USDA For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-41. 11 p.
20. LIEFFERS, V.J., B.D. PINNO, AND K.J. STADT. 2002. Light dynamics and free-to-grow standards in aspen dominated mixedwood forests. For. Chron. 78(1):137-145.
21. LOGAN, K.T. 1966. Growth of tree seedlings as affected by light intensity. Canadian Dept. For. Pub. No. 1160. 19 p.
22. MESSIER, C., R. DOUCET, J.C. RUEL, Y. CLAVEAU, C. KELLY, AND M.J. LECHOWICZ. 1999. Functional ecology of advance regeneration in relation to light in boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 29(6):812-823.
23. PALIK, B.J., R.J. MITCHELL, G. HOUSEAL, AND N. PEDERSON. 1997. Effects of canopy structure on resource availability and seedling responses in a longleaf pine ecosystem. Can. J. For. Res. 27(7):1458-1464.
24. PUBANZ, D.M., R.L. WILLIAMS, D. L. CONGOS, AND M. PECORE, 1999. Effects of the white pine weevil in well-stocked eastern white pine stands in Wisconsin. North. J. Appl. For. 16(4):185-190.
25. PUETTMANN, K.J., AND A.R. EK. 1999. Status and trends of silvicultural Practices in Minnesota. North. J. Appl. For. 16(4):203-210.
26. PUETTMANN, K. J., AND A. D'AMATO. 2002. Selecting plot sizes when quantifying growing conditions in understories. North. J. Appl. For. 19(3)137-140.
27. RIEGEL, G.M., R.F. MILLER, AND W.C. KRUEGER. 1992. Competition for resources between understory vegetation and overstory Pinus ponderosa in northeastern Oregon. Ecol. Applic. 2(1):71-85.
28. ROSNER, B. 1982. Fundamentals of biostatistics. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, CA.
29. SAUERMAN, K.H. 1992. Artificially established white pine plantations in Minnesota: A survey. M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Minnesota 74 p.
30. SAUNDERS, M.R., AND K.J. PUETTMANN. 1999a. Effects of overstory and understory competition and simulated herbivory on growth and survival of white pine seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 29(5):536-546.
31. SAUNDERS, M.R., AND K.J. PUETTMANN. 1999b. Use of vegetational characteristics and browsing patterns to predict deer damage in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) plantations. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):96-102.
32. SHIRLEY, H.L. 1945. Reproduction of upland conifers in the lake states as affected by root competition and light. Am. Midi. Natur. 33(3):537-612.
33. SMIDT, M.F., AND K.J. PUETTMANN. 1998. Overstory and understory competition affect underplanted eastern white pine. For. Ecol. Manage. 105:137-150.
34. STIELL, W.M., AND A.B. BERRY. 1985. Limiting white pine weevil attacks by side shade. For. Chron. 61(1):5-9.
35. VAN ARSDEL, E.P. 1972. Environment in relation to white pine blister rust infection. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees. P. 479-491 in Proc. of a NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute. USDA For. Ser. Misc. Pub. 1121.
36. WAGNER, R.G., R.D. PETERSON, D.W. ROSS, AND S.R. RADOSEVICH. 1989. Competition thresholds for the survival and growth of ponderosa pine seedlings associated with woody and herbaceous vegetation. New For. 3(2):151-170.
37. WAGNER, R.G., T.L. NOLAND, AND G.H. MOHAMMED. 1996. Timing and duration of herbaceous vegetation control around four northern coniferous species. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 26(1-2):39-52.
38. WAGNER, R.G., G.H. MOHAMMED, AND T.L. NOLAND. 1999. Critical period of interspecific competition for northern conifers associated with herbaceous vegetation. Can. J. For. Res. 29(7):890-897.
39. WARD, J.S., P.N. GENT MARTIN, AND G.R. STEPHENS. 2000. Effects of planting stock quality and browse protection-type on height growth of northern red oak and eastern white pine. For. Ecol. Manage. 127:205-216.
40. WETZEL, S., AND D. BURGESS. 2001. Understory environment and vegetation response after partial cutting and site preparation in Pinus strobus L. stands. For. Ecol. Manage. 151:43-59.
41. ZUTTER, B.R., AND J.H. MILLER. 1998. Eleventh-year response of loblolly pine and competing vegetation to woody and herbaceous plant control on a Georgia flatwood site. South. J. Appl. For. 22:85-95.