Flow bursts in the plasma sheet and auroral substorm onset: Observational constraints on connection between midtail and near-earth substorm processes

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 113, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 77-96

  Ohtani, Shin Ichi ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Auroral breakup; Fast plasma flows; Magnetotail; Plasmasheet; Pseudobreakup; Substorm onset; Substorms

Indexed keywords

ASTRONOMY; DISASTER; ELECTRIC CURRENT; FLOW KINETICS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LATITUDE; MAGNETIC FIELD; PHOTOMETER; PLASMA; POLARIZATION; PRECIPITATION; REVIEW; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE; THEORETICAL MODEL;

EID: 4644338379     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:SPAC.0000042940.59358.2f     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Akasofu, S.-I.: 1964, 'The development of the auroral substorm', Planet. Space Sci., 12, 273.
2. Akasofu, S.-I.: 2004 (this issue), 'Several 'Controversial' Issues on Substorms', Space Sci. Rev..
3. Angelopoulos, V., Kennel, C. F., Coroniti, F. V., Pellat, R., Kivelson, M.G., Walker, R. J., Russell, C. T., Baumjohann, W., Feldman, W. C. and Gosling, J. T.: 1994, 'Statistical characteristics of bursty bulk flow events', J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21257.
4. Angelopoulos, V., Coroniti, F. V., Kennel, C. F., Kivelson, M. G., Walker, R. J., Russell, C. T., McPherron, R. L., Sanchez, E., Meng, C.-I., Baumjohann, W., Reeves, G. D., Belian, R. D., Sato, N., Friis-Christensen, E., Sutcliffe, P. R., Yumoto, K. and Harris, T.: 1996, 'Multipoint analysis of a bursty bulk flow event on April 11', 1985, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4967.
5. Angelopoulos, V., Mozer, F. S., Lin, R. P., Mukai, T., Tsuruda, K., Lepping, R. P. and Baumjohann, W.: 1999a, 'Comment on 'Geotail survey of ion flow in the plasma sheet: Observations between 10 and 50 RE' by W.R. Paterson et al.', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17521.
6. Angelopoulos, V., Mozer, F. S., Mukai, T., Tsuruda, K., Kokubun, S. and Hughes, T. J.: 1999b, 'On the relationship between bursty flows, current disruption and substorms', Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2841.
7. Arnoldy, R. L. and Moore, T. E.: 1983, 'Longitudinal structure of substorm injections at synchronous orbit', J. Geophys. Res., 88, 6213.
8. Baker, D. N. and McPherron, R. L.: 1990, 'Extreme energetic particle decreases near geostationary orbit', J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6591.
9. Baker, D. N., Pulkkinen, T. I., Angelopoulos, V., Baumjohann, W. and McPherron, R. L.: 1996, 'Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view', J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12975.
10. Baker, D. N., Peterson, W. K., Ericksson, S., Li, X., Blake, J. B., Burch, J. L., Daly, P. W., Dunlop, M. W., Korth, A., Donovan, E., Friedel, R., Fritz, T. A., Frey, H. U., Mende, S. B., Roeder, J. and Singer, H. J.: 2002, 'Timing of magnetic reconnection initiation during a global magnetospheric substorm onset', Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, doi:10.1029/2002GL015539.
11. Birn, J., Hesse, M., Haerendel, G., Baumjohann, W. and Shiokawa, K.: 1999, 'Flow braking and the substorm current wedge', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19895.
12. Blanchard, G. T., Lyons, L. R. and Samson, J. C.: 1997, 'Accuracy of using 6300 Å auroral emission to identify the magnetic separatrix on the nightside of Earth', J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9697.
13. Chao, J. K., Kan, J. R., Lui, A. T. Y. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1977, 'A model for thinning of the plasma sheet', Planet. Space Sci., 25, 703.
14. Cheng, C. Z.: 2004 (this issue), 'Physics of Substorm Growth Phase, Onset and Dipolarization', Space Sci. Rev..
15. Deehr, C. and Lummerzheim, D.: 2001, 'Ground-based optical observations of hydrogen emission in the auroral substorm', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 33.
16. de la Beaujardière, O., Lyons, L. R., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Friis-Christensen, E., Danielsen, C., Rich, F. J. and Newell P. T.: 1994, 'Quiet-time intensifications along the poleward auroral boundary near midnight', J. Geophys. Res., 99, 287.
17. Dubyagin, S. V., Sergeev, V. A., Carlson, C. W., Marple, S. R., Pulkkinen, T. I. and Yahnin, A. G.: 2003, 'Evidence of near-Earth breakup location', Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016569.
18. Erickson, G. M., Maynard, N. C., Burke, W. J., Wilson, G. R. and Heinemann, M. A.: 2000, 'Electromagnetics of substorm onsets in the near-geosynchronous plasma sheet', J. Geophys. Res., 105, 25265.
19. Fairfield, D. H., Mukai, T., Brittnacher, M., Reeves, G. D., Kokubun, S., Parks, G., Nagai, T., Matsumoto, H., Hashimoto, K., Gurnett, D. A., and Yamamoto, T.: 1999, 'Earthward flow bursts in the inner magnetotail and their relation to auroral brightening, AKR intensifications, geosynchronous particle injections and magnetic activity', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 355.
20. Fillingim M. O., Parks, G., Chen, L. J., Brittnacher, M., Germany, G. A., Spann, J. F., Larson, D. and Lin, R. P.: 2000, 'Coincident POLAR/UVI and WIND observations of pseudobreakups', Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1379.
21. Frank, L. A., Sigwarth, J. B., Paterson, W. R. and Kokubun, S.: 2001a, 'Two encounters of the substorm onset region with the Geotail spacecraft', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5811.
22. Frank, L. A., Paterson, W. R., Sigwarth, J. B. and Mukai, T.: 2001b, Observations of plasma sheet dynamics earthward of the onset region with the Geotail spacecraft', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18823.
23. Friedrich, E., Samson, J. C., Voronkov, I. and Rostoker, G.: 2001: 'Dynamics of the substorm expansive phase', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 13145.
24. Hesse, M. and Birn, J.: 1991, 'On dipolarization and its relation to the substorm current wedge', J. Geophys. Res., 96 19417.
25. Hesse, M., Kuznetsova, M. and Birn, J.: 2001, 'Particle-in-cell simulations of three-dimensional collisionless magnetic reconnection', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29831.
26. Henderson, M. G., Reeves, G. D. and Murphree, J. S.: 1998, Are north-south aligned auroral structures an ionospheric manifestation of bursty bulk flows?', Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3737.
27. Ieda, A., Fairfield, D. H., Mukai, T., Saito, Y., Kokubun, S., Liou, K., Meng, C.-I., Parks, G. K. and Brittnacher, M.: 2001, 'Plasmoid ejection and auroral brightening', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 3845.
28. Jacquey, C., Sauvaud, J.-A. and Dandouras, J.: 1991, 'Location and propagation of the magnetotail current disruption during substorm expansion: Analysis and simulation of an ISEE multi-onset event', Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 389.
29. Jacquey, C., Sauvaud, J.-A., Dandouras, J. and Korth, A.: 1993, 'Tailward propagating cross-tail current disruption and dynamics of near-Earth tail: Multi-point measurement analysis', Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 983.
30. Kadokura, A., Yukimatsu, A.-S., Ejiri, M., Oguti, T., Pinnock, M. and Hairston, M. R.: 2002, 'Detailed analysis of a substorm event on 6 and 7 June 1989, 1. Growth phase evolution of nightside auroral activities and ionospheric convection toward expansion phase onset', J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JA009127.
31. Kaufmann, R. L.: 1987. 'Substorm currents: Growth phase and onset', J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7471.
32. Krauss-Vargan, D., and Karimabadi, H.: 2003, 'Timing and localization of reconnection signatures - Is there a substorm model problem?', Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016369.
33. Lui, A. T. Y.: 1991, 'Extended consideration of a synthesis model for magnetospheric substorms', in Magnetospheric Substorms, edited by J.R. Kan, T.A. Potemra, S. Kokubun and T. Iijima, pp. 43, AGU, Washington, D.C..
34. Lui, A. T. Y.: 1996, 'Current disruption in the Earth's magnetosphere: Observations and models', J. Geophys. Res., 101, 13067.
35. Lui, A. T. Y.: 2004 (this issue), 'Potential plasma instabilities for substorm expansion onsets', Space Sci. Rev..
36. Lui, A. T. Y., Lopez, R. E., Krimigis, S. M., McEntire, R. W., Zanetti, L. J. and Potemra T. A.: 1988, 'A case study of magnetotail current sheet disruption and diversion', Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 721.
37. Lui, A. T. Y., Lopez, R. E., Anderson, B. J., Takahashi, K., Zanetti, L. J., McEntire, R. W., Potemra, T. A., Klumpar, D. M., Greene, E. M. and Strangeway, R.: 1992, 'Current disruptions in the near-Earth neutral sheet region', J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1461.
38. Lyons, L. R., Nagai, T., Blanchard, G. T., Samson, J. C., Yamamoto, T., Mukai, T., Nishida, A. and Kokubun, S.: 1999, 'Association between Geotail plasma flows and auroral poleward boundary intensifications observed by CANOPUS photometers', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4485.
39. Lyons, L. R., Voronkov, I., Donovan, E. and Zesta, E.: 2002, 'Relation of substorm breakup arc to other growth-phase auroral arcs', J. Geophys. Res., 107 (A11), doi:10.1029/2002JA009317.
40. Machida, S., Miyashita, Y., Ieda, A., Nishida, A., Mukai, T., Saito, Y. and Kokubun, S.: 1999, 'Geotail observations of flow velocity and north-south magnetic field variations in the near and mid-distant tail associated with substorm onsets', Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 635.
41. Meng, C.-I. and Liou, K.: 2004 (this issue), 'Substorm timings and timescales: A new aspect', Space Sci. Rev..
42. Miyashita, Y., Machida, S., Mukai, T., Saito, Y., Tsuruda, K., Hayakawa, H. and Sutcliffe, P. R.: 2000, 'A statistical study of variations in the near and middistant magnetotail associated with substorm onsets: Geotail observations', J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15913.
43. Nagai, T.: 1982, 'Observed magnetic substorm signatures at synchronous altitude', J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4405.
44. Nagai, T. and Machida, S.: 1998, 'Magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail', in AGU monograph on New perspectives on the Earth's magnetotail, edited by Nishida et al., p. 211, AGU, Washington, DC.
45. Nagai, T., Fujimoto, M., Saito, Y., Machida, S., Terasawa, T., Nakamura, R., Yamamoto, T., Mukai, T., Nishida, A. and Kokubun, S.: 1998, 'Structure and dynamics of magnetic reconnection for substorm onsets with Geotail observations', J. Geophys. Res., 103, 4419.
46. Nakamura, R., Baumjohann, W., Birttnacher, M., Sergeev, V. A., Kubyshkina, M., Mukai, T. and Liou, K.: 2001, 'Flow bursts and auroral activations: Onset timing and footpoint location', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10777.
47. Ohtani, S., Takahashi, K., Zanetti, L. J., Potemra, T. A., McEntire, R. W. and Iijima, T.: 1991: 'Tail current disruption in the geosynchronous region, in AGU monograph on Magnetospheric Substorms', edited by J.R. Kan, T.A. Potemra, S. Kokubun, and T. Iijima, pp. 131, AGU, Washington, D. C.
48. Ohtani, S., Kokubun, S. and Russell, C. T.: 1992, 'Radial expansion of the tail current disruption during substorms: A new approach to the substorm onset region', J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3129.
49. Ohtani, S., Takahashi, K., Higuchi, T., Lui, A. T. Y., Spence, H. E. and Fennell, J.: 1998, 'AMPTE/CCE-SCATHA simultaneous observations of substorm-associated magnetic fluctuations', J. Geophys. Res., 103, 4671.
50. Ohtani, S., Creutzberg, F., Mukai, T., Singer, H., Lui, A. T. Y., Nakamura, M., Prikryl, P., Yumoto, K. and Rostoker, G.: 1999, 'Substorm Onset Timing: The December 31, 1995, Event', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22713.
51. Ohtani, S., Yamaguchi, R., Nose', M., Kawano, H., Engebretson, M. and Yumoto, K.: 2002a, 'Quiet-time magnetotail dynamics and their implications for the substorm trigger', J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JA000116.
52. Ohtani, S., Yamaguchi, R., Kawano, H., Creutzberg, F., Sigwarth, J. B., Frank, L. A. and Mukai, T.: 2002b, 'Does the fast plasma sheet flow trigger a substorm?: A study of the August 14', 1996, event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10.1029/2001GL013785.
53. Parks, G. K.: 2004 (this issue), 'Why space physics needs to go beyond the MHD box', Space Sci. Rev.
54. Paterson, W. R., Frank, L. A., Kokubun, S. and Yamamoto, T.: 1998, 'Geotail survey of ion flow in the plasma sheet: Observations between 10 and 50 RE', J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11,811.
55. Paterson, W. R., Frank, L. A., Kokubun, S. and Yamamoto, T.: 1999, 'Reply', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,527.
56. Pritchett, P. L.: 2001, 'Collisionless magnetic reconnection in a three-dimensional open system', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 25961.
57. Pulkkinen, T. I., Baker, D. N., Pellinen, R., Büchner, J., Koskinen, J., Lopez, R. E., Dyson, R. L. and Frank, L. A.: 1992, 'Particle scattering and current sheet stability in the geomagnetic tail during the substorm growth phase', J. Geophys. Res., 19283.
58. Russell, C. T., Ginskey, M. and Angelopoulos, V.: 1994, 'Effect of sudden impulses on currents in the auroral ionosphere under northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions: A case study', J. Geophys. Res., 99, 17617.
59. Samson, J. C., Lyons, L. R., Newell, P. T., Creutzberg, F. and Xu, B.: 1992a, 'Proton aurora and substorm intensifications', Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2167.
60. Samson, J. C., Wallis, D. D., Hughes, T. J., Creutzberg, F., Ruohoniemi J. M. and Greenwald, R. A. 1992b. Substorm intensifications and field line resonances in the nightside magnetosphere', J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8495.
61. Schödel, R., Baumjohann, W., Nakamura, R., Sergeev, V. A. and Mukai, T.: 2001a, 'Rapid flux transport in the central plasma sheet', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 301.
62. Schödel, R., Baumjohann, W., Nakamura, R. and Mukai, T.: 2001b, 'Rapid flux transport and plasma sheet reconfiguration', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8381.
63. Sergeev, V. A., Angelopoulos, V., Mitchell, D. G. and Russell, C. T.: 1995, 'In situ observations of magnetotail reconnection prior to the onset of a small substorm', J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19121.
64. Sergeev, V. A., Angelopoulos, V., Gosling, J. T., Cattell, C. A. and Russell, C. T.: 1996, 'Detection of localized, plasma depleted flux tubes or bubbles in the midtail plasma sheet', J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10817.
65. Sergeev, V. A., Liou, K., Meng, C.-I., Newell, P. T., Brittnacher, M. Parks, G. and Reeves, G. D.: 1999, 'Development of auroral streamers in association with impulsive injections to the inner magnetotail', Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 417.
66. Sergeev, V. A., Sauvaud, J.-A., Popescu, D., Kovrazhkin, R. A., Liou, K., Newell, P. T., Brittnacher, M., Parks, G., Nakamura, R., Mukai, T. and Reeves, G. D.: 2000, 'Multiple-spacecraft observation of a narrow transient plasma jet in the Earth's plasma sheet', Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 851.
67. Shay, M. A., Drake, J. F., Swisdak, M. and Dorland, W.: 2003, 'Inherently three dimensional magnetic reconnection: A mechanism for bursty bulk flows?', Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016267.
68. Shiokawa, K., Baumjohann, W., Haerendel, G. Paschmann, G., Fennell, J. G., Friis-Christensen, E., Lühr, H., Reeves, G. D., Russell, C. T., Sutcliffe, P. R. and Takahashi, K.: 1998, 'High-speed ion flow, substorm current wedge, and multiple Pi 2 pulsations', J. Geophys. Res., 103, 4491.
69. Singer, H. J., Hughes, W. J., Fougere, P. D. and Knecht, D. J.: 1983, 'The localization of Pi 2 pulsations: Ground-satellite Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7029.
70. Singer, H., Hughes, W. J., Gelpi, C. and Ledley, B. G.: 1985, 'Magnetic disturbances in the vicinity of synchronous orbit and the substorm current wedge: A case study', J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9583.
71. Takahashi, K., Zanetti, L. J., Lopez, R. E., McEntire, R. W., Potemra, T. A. and Yumoto, K.: 1987, 'Disruption of the magnetotail current sheet observed by AMPTE CCE', Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1019.
72. Takahashi, Y. and Fukunishi, H.: 2001, 'The dynamics of the proton aurora in auroral breakup events', J. Geophys. Res., 106, 45.
73. Tu, J.-N., Tsuruda, K., Hayakawa, H., Matsuoka, A., Mukai, T., Nagano, I. and Yagitani, S.: 2000, 'Statistical nature of impulsive electric fields associated with fast ion flow in the near-Earth plasma sheet', J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18901.
74. Vasyliunas, V. M.: 1975, 'Theoretical models of magnetic field line merging, 1', Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 13, 303.
75. Voronkov, I., Friedrich, E. and Samson, J. C.: 1999, 'Dynamics of the substorm growth phase as observed using CANOPUS and SuperDARN instruments', J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28491.
76. Yamaguchi, R., Kawano, H., Ohtani, S., Yumoto, K., Mukai, T., Saito, Y., Hayakawa, H. and Group T. C.-p. P. M. N.: 2002, 'The timing relationship between bursty bulk flows and Pi2s at the geosynchronous orbit', Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, doi:10.1029/2001GL013783.
77. Zesta, E., Lyons, L. R. and Donovan, E.: 2000, 'The auroral signature of Earthward flow bursts observed in the magnetotail', Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3241.