Variations in echosounder-transducer performance with water temperature

ICES Journal of Marine Science

Volumn 65, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1021-1035

  Demer, David A ^a   Renfree, Josiah S ^a  

^a SOUTHWEST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Impedance; Quality factor; Resonance frequency; Temperature; Transducer

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC SURVEY; CALIBRATION; ECHO SOUNDER; FISHERY SURVEY; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; WATER TEMPERATURE;

EID: 46249090852     PISSN: 10543139     EISSN: 10959289     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsn066     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Ablitt, J., Beamiss, G. A., Robinson, S. P., and Hayman, G. 2006. Hydrophone performance variation with water temperature and depth. Proceedings of Undersea Defence Technology, 2006, Hamburg, Germany, June 2006.
2. Beamiss, G. A., Robinson, S. P., Hayman, G., and Esward, T. J. 2002. Determination of the variation in free-field hydrophone response with temperature and depth. Acta Acustica - Acustica, 88: 799-802.
3. Blue, J. E. 1984. Physical calibration. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 184: 19-24.
4. Brierley, A. S., Goss, C., Watkins, J. L., and Woodroffe, P. 1998. Variations in echosounder calibration with temperature, and some possible implications for acoustic surveys of krill biomass. CCAMLR Science, 5: 273-281.
5. Carstensen, E. L. 1947. Self-reciprocity calibration of electroacoustic transducers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 19: 961-965.
6. Demer, D. A. 1994. The accuracy and precision of echo-integration surveys of Antarctic krill. PhD thesis, University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. 144 pp.
7. Demer, D. A. 2004. An estimate of error for the CCAMLR. Deep-Sea Research II, 51: 1237-1251.
8. Demer, D. A., and Hewitt, R. P. 1993. Calibration of an acoustic echo-integration system in a deep tank, with gain comparisons over standard sphere material, water temperature and time. SC-CAMLR Selected Scientific Papers, 9: 127-144.
9. Demer, D. A., Soule, M. A., and Hewitt, R. P. 1999. A multi-frequency method for improved accuracy and precision of in situ target-strength measurements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105: 2359-2376.
10. Foote, K. G. 1991. Acoustic sampling volume. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90: 959-964.
11. Foote, K. G., Knudsen, H. P., Vestnes, G., MacLennan, D. N., and Simmonds, E. J. 1987. Calibration of acoustic instruments for fish-density estimation: a practical guide. ICES Cooperative Research Report, 144. 81 pp.
12. Foote, K. G., and MacLennan, D. N. 1984. Comparison of copper and tungsten carbide calibration spheres. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 75: 612-616.
13. Furusawa, M. 1991. Designing quantitative echosounders. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90: 26-36.
14. Greenlaw, C. F., and Johnson, R. K. 1983. Multiple-frequency acoustical estimation. Biological Oceanography, 2: 227-252.
15. Holliday, D. V. 1977. Extracting bio-physical information from the acoustic signature of marine organisms. In Oceanic Sound-Scattering Prediction, pp. 619-624. Ed. by N. R. Andersen, and B. J. Zahuranec. Plenum, New York.
16. Kongsberg. 2006. Operator Manual, EM Series, Datagram Format. Horten, Norway. 89 pp.
17. Korneliussen, R. J., and Ona, E. 2002. An operational system for processing and visualizing multi-frequency acoustic data. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: 293-313.
18. Mott, P. H., Roland, C. M., and Corsaro, R. D. 2002. Acoustic and dynamic mechanical properties of a polyurethane rubber. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111: 1782-1790.
19. Patterson, R. 1967. Using the ocean surface as a reflector for a self-reciprocity calibration of a transducer. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 42: 653-655.
20. Rosen, C. Z., Hiremath, B. V., and Newnham, R. E. 1992. Piezoelectricity. American Institute of Physics, New York. 537 pp.
21. Sabin, G. A. 1956. Transducer calibration by impedance measurements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 28: 705-710.
22. Simrad. 1993. Simrad EK500 Scientific Echo Sounder Instruction Manual. Simrad Subsea A/S, Horten, Norway. 232 pp.
23. Simrad-Kongsberg. 2003. Simrad EK60 Scientific Echo Sounder System. Simrad Subsea A/S, Horten, Norway 102 pp.
24. Simmonds, E. J., and MacLennan, D. N. 2005. Fisheries Acoustics: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 437 pp.
25. Stanton, T. K., Chu, D., and Wiebe, P. H. 1996. Acoustic-scattering characteristics of several zooplankton groups. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53: 289-295.
26. Urick, R. J. 1983. Principles of Underwater Sound, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York. 423 pp.
27. Van Buren, A. L., Drake, R. M., and Paolero, A. E. 1999. Temperature dependence of the sensitivity of hydrophone standards used in international comparisons. Metrologia, 36: 281-285.
28. Widener, M. W. 1980. The measurement of transducer efficiency using self-reciprocity techniques. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 67: 1058-1060. Erratum: 68: 706.
29. Wilson, O. B. 1988. Introduction to Theory and Design of Sonar Transducers. Peninsula Publishing, Los Altos, CA. 191 pp.