The relationship between women's attachment style and perinatal mood disturbance: Implications for screening and treatment

Archives of Women's Mental Health

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 117-129

  Monk, Catherine ^a   Leight, Kristin L ^b   Fang, Yixin ^c  

^a Columbia University Medical Center ^*  (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attachment style; Perinatal depression; Postpartum depression

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; DISTRESS SYNDROME; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOOD DISORDER; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; PERINATAL PERIOD; PREGNANCY; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING; SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; SELF REPORT; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY;

ADULT; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONS; MOTHERS; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PERINATAL CARE; PREGNANCY; QUESTIONNAIRES; SELF CONCEPT; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 45849104205     PISSN: 14341816     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-008-0005-x     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Alwan S, Reefhuis J, Rasmussen SA, Olney RS, Friedman JM (2007) Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 356:2684-2692
2. Andersen SM, Chen S (2002) The relational self: an interpersonal social-cognitive theory. Psychol Rev 109:619-645
3. Austin MP, Lumley J (2003) Antenatal screening for postnatal depression: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107:10-17
4. Austin MP, Tully L, Parker G (2006) Examining the relationship between antenatal anxiety and postnatal depression. J Affect Disord 101(1-3):169-174
5. Beck CT (1996) A meta-analysis of predictors of postpartum depression. Nurs Res 45:297-303
6. Beck CT (2001) Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res 50:275-285
7. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emeny G (1979) Cognitive therapy of depression. Guilford, New York
8. Berard A, Ramos E, Rey E, Blais L, St-Andre M, Oraichi D (2007) First trimester exposure to paroxetine and risk of cardiac malformations in infants: the importance of dosage. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 80:18-27
9. Bergman K, Sarkar P, O'Connor TG, Modi N, Glover V (2007) Maternal stress during pregnancy predicts cognitive ability and fearfulness in infancy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:1454-1463
10. Bifulco A, Moran PM, Ball C, Bernazzani O (2002a) Adult attachment style. I: its relationship to clinical depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37:50-59
11. Bifulco A, Moran PM, Ball C, Lillie A (2002b) Adult attachment style. II: its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37:60-67
12. Bifulco A, Figueiredo B, Guedeney N, Gorman LL, Hayes S, Muzik M, Glatigny-Dallay E, Valoriani V, Kammerer MH, Henshaw CA (2004) Maternal attachment style and depression associated with childbirth: preliminary results from a European and US cross-cultural study. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 46:s31-s37
13. Blackmore ER, Carroll J, Reid A, Biringer A, Glazier RH, Midmer D, Permaul JA, Stewart DE (2006) The use of the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment (ALPHA) tool in the detection of psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression: a randomized controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 28:873-878
14. Bowlby J (1988) A secure base: parent-child attachment and healthy human development. Routledge, London
15. Boyce P, Hickie I, Parker G (1991) Parents, partners or personality? Risk factors for post-natal depression. J Affect Disord 21:245-255
16. Boyd JH, Weissman MM, Thompson WD, Myers JK (1982) Screening for depression in a community sample. Understanding the discrepancies between depression symptom and diagnostic scales. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:1195-1200
17. Brown GW, Harris TO (1978) Social origins of depression: a study of psychiatric disorder in women. Tavistock, London
18. Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301:386-389
19. Chambers CD, Hernandez-Diaz S, Van Marter LJ, Werler MM, Louik C, Jones KL, Mitchell AA (2006) Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. N Engl J Med 354:579-587
20. Cohen S (1986) Contrasting the hassles scale and the perceived stress scale: who's really measuring appraised stress? Am Psychol 41:716-718
21. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R (1983) A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 24:385-396
22. Cooper PJ, Murray L, Hooper R, West A (1996) The development and validation of a predictive index for postpartum depression. Psychol Med 26:627-634
23. Cooper PJ, Tomlinson M, Swartz L, Woolgar M, Murray L, Molteno C (1999) Post-partum depression and the mother-infant relationship in a South African peri-urban settlement. Br J Psychiatry 175:554-558
24. Da Costa D, Larouche J, Dritsa M, Brender W (2000) Psychosocial correlates of prepartum and postpartum depressed mood. J Affect Disord 59:31-40
25. DiPietro JA, Ghera MM, Costigan K, Hawkins M (2004) Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 25:189-201
26. Downey G, Coyne JC (1990) Children of depressed parents: an integrative review. Psychol Bull 108:50-76
27. Feeney J, Alexander R, Noller P, Hohaus L (2003) Attachment insecurity, depression, and the transition to parenthood. Pers Relatsh 10:475-493
28. Field T (1995) Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behav Dev 18:1-13
29. Field T (1998) Maternal depression effects on infants and early interventions. Prev Med 27:200-203
30. Field T, Diego M, Dieter J, Hernandez-Reif M, Schanberg S, Kuhn C, Yando R, Bendell D (2004) Prenatal depression effects on the fetus and the newborn. Infant Behav Dev 27:216-229
31. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW (1997) Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders-non-patient edition. Biometrics Research Department, NYSPI, New York
32. Fonagy P, Steele M, Moran G, Steele H, Higgitt A (1993) Measuring the ghost in the nursery: an empirical study of the relation between parents' mental representations of childhood experiences and their infants' security of attachment. J Am Psychol Assoc 41:957-989
33. Fraiberg S (1995) Ghosts in the nursery: a psychoanalytic approach to the problems of impaired mother-infant relationships. Assessment and therapy of disturbances in infancy. Aronson, Northvale, pp 164-221
34. Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T (2005) Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol 106:1071-1083
35. Gaynes BN, Gavin N, Meltzer-Brody S, Lohr KN, Swinson T, Gartlehner G, Brody S, Miller WC (2005) Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment (Summ). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, pp 1-8
36. George C, Kaplan N, Main M (1985) An adult attachment interview. University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley
37. Gerlsma C, Luteijn F (2000) Attachment style in the context of clinical and health psychology: a proposal for the assessment of valence, incongruence, and accessibility of attachment representations in various working models. Br J Med Psychol 73(Pt 1):15-34
38. Gotlib IH, Whiffen VE, Mount JH, Milne K, Cordy NI (1989) Prevalence rates and demographic characteristics associated with depression in pregnancy and the postpartum. J Consult Clin Psychol 57:269-274
39. Griffin D, Bartholomew K (1994a) Models of self and other: fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. J Pers Soc Psychol 67:430-445
40. Griffin D, Bartholomew K (1994b) The metaphysics of measurement: the case of adult attachment. In: Bartholomew K, Perlman D (eds) Advances in personal relationships. Jessica Kingsley, London, pp 17-52
41. Hart R, McMahon CA (2006) Mood state and psychological adjustment to pregnancy. Arch Womens Ment Health 9:329-337
42. Hart S, Jones NA, Field T (2003) Atypical expressions of jealousy in infants of intrusive- and withdrawn-depressed mothers. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 33:193-207
43. Hazan C, Shaver P (1987) Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol 52:511-524
44. Heron J, O'Connor TG, Evans J, Golding J, Glover V (2004) The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample. J Affect Disord 80:65-73
45. Kammerer M, Taylor A, Glover V (2006) The HPA axis and perinatal depression: a hypothesis. Arch Womens Ment Health 9:187-196
46. Kaplan LA, Evans L, Monk C (2007) Effects of mothers' prenatal psychiatric status and postnatal caregiving on infant biobehavioral regulation: can prenatal programming be modified. Early Hum Dev 84(4):249-256
47. Kurdek LA (2002) On being insecure about the assessment of attachment styles. J Soc Pers Relatsh 19:811-834
48. Louik C, Lin AE, Werler MM, Hernandez-Diaz S, Mitchell AA (2007) First-trimester use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 356:2675-2683
49. Lyons-Ruth K, Wolfe R, Lyubchik A (2000) Depression and the parenting of young children: making the case for early preventive mental health services. Harv Rev Psychiatry 8:148-153
50. Matthey S, Barnett B, Ungerer J, Waters B (2000) Paternal and maternal depressed mood during the transition to parenthood. J Affect Disord 60:75-85
51. McMahon C, Barnett B, Kowalenko N, Tennant C (2005) Psychological factors associated with persistent postnatal depression: past and current relationships, defence styles and the mediating role of insecure attachment style. J Affect Disord 84:15-24
52. Meredith P, Noller P (2003) Attachment and infant difficultness in postnatal depression. J Fam Issues 24:668-686
53. Monk C, Fifer WP, Sloan RP, Myers MM, Trien L, Hurtado A (2000) Maternal stress responses and anxiety during pregnancy: effects on fetal heart rate. Dev Psychobiol 36:67-77
54. Monk C, Myers MM, Sloan RP, Werner L, Jeon J, Tager F, Fifer WP (2004) Fetal heart rate reactivity differs by women's psychiatric status: an early marker for developmental risk? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 43:283-290
55. Murray L, Fiori-Cowley A, Hooper R, Cooper PJ (1996) The impact of postnatal depression and associated adversity on early mother infant interactions and later infant outcomes. Child Dev 67:2512-2526
56. Newport DJ, Wilcox MM, Stowe ZN (2002) Maternal depression: a child's first adverse life event. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 7:113-119
57. Oberlander TF, Grunau RE, Fitzgerald C, Ellwood A-L, Misri S, Rurak D, Riggs KW (2002) Prolonged prenatal psychotropic medication exposure alters neonatal acute pain response. Pediatr Res 51:443-453
58. Oberlander TF, Grunau RE, Fitzgerald C, Papsdorf M, Rurak D, Riggs W (2005) Pain reactivity in 2-month-old infants after prenatal and postnatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication exposure. Pediatrics 115:411-425
59. Oberlander TF, Warburton W, Misri S, Aghajanian J, Hertzman C (2006) Neonatal outcomes after prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and maternal depression using population-based linked health data. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:898-906
60. O'Connor TG, Heron J, Golding J, Beveridge M, Glover V (2002) Maternal antenatal anxiety and children's behavioral/emotional problems at 4 years: report from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. Br J Psychiatry 180:502-508
61. O'Connor TG, Ben-Shlomo Y, Heron J, Golding J, Adams D, Glover V (2005) Prenatal anxiety predicts individual differences in cortisol in pre-adolescent children. Biol Psychiatry 58:211-217
62. O'Hara MW (1986) Social support, life events, and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:569-573
63. O'Hara MW, Gorman LL (2004) Can postpartum depression be predicted? Prim Psychiatry 11:42-47
64. O'Hara MW, Rehm LP, Campbell SB (1983) Postpartum depression. A role for social network and life stress variables. J Nerv Ment Dis 171:336-341
65. O'Hara MW, Schlechte JA, Lewis DA, Varner MW (1991) Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: psychological, environmental, and hormonal variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100:63-73
66. Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385-401
67. Roberts RE (1980) Reliability of the CES-D Scale in different ethnic contexts. Psychiatry Res 2:125-134
68. Rooney E, Gaudette M, Pergament E (2006) Neonatal complications associated with late pregnancy use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. ITIS Newsletter vol. 13, no. 2, April 2006
69. Rosenbaum JF, Biederman J, Gersten M, Hirshfeld DR, Meminger SR, Herman JB, Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N (1988) Behavioral inhibition in children of parents with panic disorder and agoraphobia. A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:463-470
70. Ross LE, McLean LM (2006) Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry 67:1285-1298
71. Sandman CA, Wadhwa P, Glynn L, Chicz-Demet A, Porto M, Garite TJ (1999) Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and fetal responses in human pregnancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 897:66-75
72. Simpson JA, Rholes WS, Campbell L, Tran S, Wilson CL (2003) Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and depressive symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol 84:1172-1187
73. Sinclair D, Murray L (1998) Effects of postnatal depression on children's adjustment to school. Teacher's reports. Br J Psychiatry 172:58-63
74. Spielberger CD (1983) Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Consulting Psychologists, Palo Alto
75. Sroufe LA (2005) Attachment and development: a prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood. Attach Hum Dev 7:349-367
76. Sugawara M, Toda MA, Shima S, Mukai T, Sakakura K, Kitamura T (1997) Premenstrual mood changes and maternal mental health in pregnancy and the postpartum period. J Clin Psychol 53:225-232
77. Suri R, Altshuler L, Hellemann G, Burt VK, Aquino A, Mintz J (2007) Effects of antenatal depression and antidepressant treatment on gestational age at birth and risk of preterm birth. Am J Psychiatry 164:1206-1213
78. Van den Bergh BR, Marcoen A (2004) High antenatal maternal anxiety is related to ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems and anxiety in 8-9 year olds. Child Dev 75:1085-1097
79. Warren SL, Gunnar MR, Kagan J, Anders TF, Simmens SJ, Rones M, Wease S, Aron E, Dahl RE, Sroufe LA (2003) Maternal panic disorder: infant temperament, neurophysiology, and parenting behaviors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42:814-825
80. Way CM (2007) Safety of newer antidepressants in pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy 27:546-552
81. Weissman MM, Prusoff BA, Thompson WD, Harding PS, Myers JK (1978) Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis 166:317-326
82. Weissman MM, Prusoff BA, Gammon GD, Merikangas KR, Leckman JF, Kidd KK (1984) Psychopathology in the children (ages 6-18) of depressed and normal parents. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 23:78-84
83. Werner A, Myers MM, Fifer WP, Cheng B, Fang Y, Allen R, Monk C (2007) Prenatal predictors of infant temperament. Dev Psychobiol 49:474-484