Entangled states of trapped atomic ions

Nature

Volumn 453, Issue 7198, 2008, Pages 1008-1015

  Blatt, Rainer ^a,b   Wineland, David ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b ERICH SCHMID INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Austria)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ION;

COMPUTER; MEASUREMENT METHOD; PRECISION; QUANTUM MECHANICS;

ACCURACY; ALGORITHM; ATOM; COMPUTER; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LASER; MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTUM MECHANICS; REVIEW; SIMULATION;

EID: 45849103563     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature07125     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Ramsey, N. F. Molecular Beams (Clarendon, London, 1956).
2. Freedman, S. F. & Clauser, J. F. Experimental test of local hidden-variable theories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 938-941 (1972).
3. Aspect, A., Grangier, P. & Roger, G. Experimental tests of realistic local theories via Bell's theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 460-463 (1981).
4. Bell, J. S. Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1987).
5. Feynman, R. P. Simulating physics with computers. Int. J. Theoret. Phys. 21, 467-468 (1982).
6. Deutsch, D. Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 400, 97-117 (1985).
7. Shor, P. W. Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In Proc. Annu. Symp. Found. Comput. Sci. 124-134 (1994).
8. Nielsen, M. A. & Chuang, I. L. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000).
9. Cirac, J. I. & Zoller, P. Quantum computations with cold trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4091-4094 (1995).
10. Monroe, C. Quantum information processing with atoms and photons. Nature 416, 238-246 (2002).
11. Dehmelt, H. Experiments with an isolated subatomic particle at rest. Rev. Mod. Phys. 62, 525-530 (1990).
12. Paul, W. Electromagnetic traps for charged and neutral particles. Rev. Mod. Phys. 62, 531-540 (1990).
13. + ions. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 40, 126-128 (1991).
14. + ions: application as a frequencystandard. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44, 113-116 (1995).
15. Blatt, R., Häffner, H., Roos, C., Becher, C. & Schmidt-Kaler, F. in Quantum Entanglement and Information Processing: Les Houches Session LXXIX (eds Estève, D. Raimond, J.-M. & Dalibard, J.) 223-260 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004).
16. Wineland, D. J. in Quantum Entanglement and Information Processing: Les Houches Session LXXIX (eds Estève, D. Raimond, J.-M. & Dalibard, J.) 261-293 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004).
17. Leibfried, D., Blatt, R., Monroe, C. & Wineland, D. Quantum dynamics of single trapped ions. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 281-324 (2003).
18. Wineland, D. J. et al. Experimental issues in coherent quantum-state manipulation of trapped atomic ions. J. Res. Natl Inst. Stand. Technol. 103, 259-328 (1998).
19. Diedrich, F., Bergquist, J. C., Itano, W. M. & Wineland, D. J. Laser cooling to the zero-point energy of motion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 403-406 (1989).
20. Dehmelt, H. G. Mono-ion oscillator as potential ultimate laser frequency standard. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 31, 83-87 (1982).
21. Monroe, C., Meekhof, D. M., King, B. E., Itano, W. M. & Wineland, D. J. Demonstration of a fundamental quantum logic gate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4714-4717 (1995).
22. Schmidt-Kaler, F. et al. Realization of the Cirac-Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate. Nature 422, 408-411 (2003).
23. Schmidt-Kaler, F. et al. How to realize a universal quantum gate with trapped ions. Appl. Phys. B 77, 789-796 (2003).
24. Riebe, M. et al. Process tomography of ion trap quantum gates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 220407 (2006).
25. Moehring, D. L. et al. Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance. Nature 449, 68-71 (2007).
26. Turchette, Q. A. et al. Deterministic entanglement of two trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3631-3634 (1998).
27. Rowe, M. A. et al. Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality with efficient detection. Nature 409, 791-794 (2001).
28. Roos, C. F. et al. Bell states of atoms with ultralong life times and their tomographic state analysis. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 220402 (2004).
29. Sackett, C. A. et al. Experimental entanglement of four particles. Nature 404, 256-259 (2000).
30. Clauser, J. F., Horne, M. A., Shimony, A. & Holt, R. A. Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880-884 (1969).
31. Moehring, D. L., Madsen, M. J., Blinov, B. B. & Monroe, C. Experimental Bell inequality violation with an atom and a photon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 090410 (2004).
32. Schrödinger, E. Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik. Naturwissenschaften 23, 807-812 (1935).
33. Greenberger, D. M., Horne, M. A. & Zeilinger, A. in Going Beyond Bell's Theorem (ed. Kafatos, M.) 69-72 (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1989).
34. DiVincenzo, D. P. & Shor, P. W. Fault-tolerant error correction withefficient quantum codes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3260-3263 (1996).
35. Steane, A. M. Error correcting codes in quantum theory. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 793-797 (1996).
36. Bollinger, J. J., Itano, W. M., Wineland, D. J. & Heinzen, D. J. Optimal frequency measurements with maximally correlated states. Phys. Rev. A 54, R4649-R4652 (1996).
37. Leibfried, D. et al. Toward Heisenberg-limited spectroscopy with multiparticle entangled states. Science 304, 1476-1478 (2004).
38. Leibfried, D. et al. Creation of a six-atom 'Schrödinger cat' state. Nature 438, 639-642 (2005).
39. Roos, C. F. et al. Control and measurement of three-qubit entangled states. Science 304, 1478-1480 (2004).
40. Dür, W., Vidal, G. & Cirac, J. I. Three qubits can be entangled in two inequivalent ways. Phys. Rev. A 62, 062314 (2000).
41. Häffner, H. et al. Scalable multiparticle entanglement of trapped ions. Nature 438, 643-646 (2005).
42. Deutsch, D. & Jozsa, R. Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 439, 553-558 (1992).
43. Chuang, I. L. et al. Experimental realization of a quantum algorithm. Nature 393, 143-146 (1998).
44. Gulde, S. et al. Implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm on an ion-trap quantum computer. Nature 421, 48-50 (2003).
45. Bennett, C. H. et al. Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895-1899 (1993).
46. Barrett, M. D. et al. Deterministic quantum teleportation of atomic qubits. Nature 429, 737-739 (2004).
47. Riebe, M. et al. Deterministic quantum teleportation with atoms. Nature 429, 734-737 (2004).
48. Reichle, R. et al. Experimental purification of two-atom entanglement. Nature 443, 838-841 (2006).
49. Chiaverini, J. et al. Realization of quantum error correction. Nature 432, 602-605 (2004).
50. Chiaverini, J. et al. Implementation of the semiclassical quantum Fourier transform in a scalable system. Science 308, 997-1000 (2005).
51. Grover, L. K. Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 325-328 (1997).
52. Wineland, D. J., Bollinger, J. J., Itano, W. M., Moore, F. L. & Heinzen, D. J. Spin squeezing and reduced quantum noise in spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. A 46, R6797-R6800 (1992).
53. Itano, W. M. et al. Quantum projection noise: population fluctuations in two-level systems. Phys. Rev. A 47, 3554-3570 (1993).
54. Meyer, V. et al. Experimental demonstration of entanglement-enhanced rotation angle estimation using trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5870-5873 (2001).
55. Leibfried, D. et al. Trapped-ion quantum simulator: experimental application to nonlinear interferometers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 247901 (2002).
56. Huelga, S. F. et al. Improvement of frequency standards with quantum entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3865-3868 (1997).
57. André, A., Sørensen, A. S. & Lukin, M. D. Stability of atomic clocks based on entangled atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230801 (2004).
58. Schaetz, T. et al. Enhanced quantum state detection efficiency through quantum information processing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 010501 (2005).
59. Hume, D. B., Rosenband, T. & Wineland, D. J. High-fidelity adaptive qubit detection through repetitive quantum nondemolition measurements. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 120502 (2007).
60. + single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place. Science 319, 1808-1812 (2008).
61. Guerlin, C. et al. Progressive field-state collapse and quantum non-demolition photon counting. Nature 448, 889-894 (2007).
62. Roos, C. F., Chwalla, M., Kim, K., Riebe, M. & Blatt, R. 'Designer atoms' for quantum metrology. Nature 443, 316-319 (2006).
63. Benhelm, J., Kirchmair, G., Roos, C. F. & Blatt, R. Towards fault-tolerant quantum computing with trapped ions. Nature Phys. 4, 463-466 (2008).
64. Ozeri, R. et al. Errors in trapped-ion quantumgates due to spontaneous photon scattering. Phys. Rev. A 75, 042329 (2007).
65. Zhu, S.-L., Monroe, C. & Duan, L.-M. Arbitrary-speed quantum gates within large ion crystals through miminum control of laser beams. Europhys. Lett. 73, 485-491 (2006).
66. Duan, L.-M. Scaling ion trap quantum computation through fast quantum gates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 100502 (2004).
67. DeVoe, R. G. Elliptical ion traps and trap arrays for quantum computation. Phys. Rev. A 58, 910-914 (1998).
68. Cirac, J. I. & Zoller, P. A scalable quantum computer with ions in an array of microtraps. Nature 404, 579-581 (2000).
69. Kielpinski, D., Monroe, C. & Wineland, D. J. Architecture for a large-scale ion-trap quantum computer. Nature 417, 709-711 (2002).
70. Cirac, I., Zoller, P., Kimble, J. & Mabuchi, H. Quantum state transfer and entanglement distribution among distant nodes in a quantum network. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3221-3224 (1997).
71. Duan, L.-M. & Kimble, H. J. Scalable photonic quantum computation through cavity-assisted interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 127902 (2004).
72. Duan, L.-M. et al. Probabilistic quantum gates between remote atoms through interference of optical frequency qubits. Phys. Rev. A 73, 062324 (2006).
73. Rowe, M. et al. Transport of quantum states and separation of ions in a dual rf ion trap. Quantum Inform. Comput. 2, 257-271 (2002).
74. Hucul, D. et al. On the transport of atomic ions in linear and multidimensional trap arrays. Preprint at 〈http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/ 0702175〉 (2007).
75. Huber, G. et al. Transport of ions in a segmented linear Paul trap in printed-circuit-board technology. New J. Phys. 10, 013004 (2008).
76. Rohde, H. et al. Sympathetic ground-state cooling and coherent manipulation with two-ion crystals. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, S34-S41 (2001).
77. + isotopes. Phys. Rev. A 65, 040304 (2002).
78. + for quantum logic. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042302 (2003).
79. Turchette, Q. A. et al. Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state. Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000).
80. Deslauriers, L. et al. Scaling and suppression of anomalous heating in ion traps. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 103007 (2006).
81. Leibrandt, D., Yurke, B. & Slusher, R. Modeling ion trap thermal noise decoherence. Quant. Inform. Comput. 7, 52-72 (2007).
82. Labaziewicz, J. et al. Suppression of heating rates in cryogenic surface-electrode ion traps. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013001 (2008).
83. Stick, D. et al. Ion trap in a semiconductor chip. Nature Phys. 2, 36-39 (2006).
84. Chiaverini, J. et al. Surface-electrode architecture for ion-trap quantum information processing. Quantum Inform. Comput. 5, 419-439 (2005).
85. Seidelin, S. et al. Microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap for scalable quantum information processing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 253003 (2006).
86. Kim, J. et al. System design for large-scale ion trap quantum information processor. Quant. Inform. Comput. 5, 515-537 (2005).
87. Leibfried, D., Knill, E., Ospelkaus, C. & Wineland, D. J. Transport quantum logic gates for trapped ions. Phys. Rev. A 76, 032324 (2007).
88. Wunderlich, C. & Balzer, C. Quantum measurements and new concepts for experiments with trapped ions. Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 49, 293-376 (2003).
89. Porras, D. & Cirac, J. I. Quantum manipulation of trapped ions in two dimensional Coulomb crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 250501 (2006).
90. Taylor, J. M. & Calarco, T. Wigner crystals of ions as quantum hard drives. Preprint at 〈http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1951〉 (2007).
91. Chiaverini, J. & Lybarger Jr, W. E. Laserless trapped-ion quantum simulations without spontaneous scattering using microtrap arrays. Phys. Rev. A 77, 022324 (2008).
92. Mølmer, K. & Sørensen, A. Multiparticle entanglement of hot trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1835-1838 (1999).
93. Milburn, G. J., Schneider, S. & James, D. F. Ion trap quantum computing with warm ions. Fortschr. Physik 48, 801-810 (2000).
94. Solano, E., de Matos Filho, R. L. & Zagury, N. Mesoscopic superpositions of vibronic collective states of N trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 060402 (2001).
95. Leibfried, D. et al. Experimental demonstration of a robust, high-fidelity geometric two ion-qubit phase gate. Nature 422, 412-415 (2003).
96. Haljan, P. C. et al. Entanglement of trapped-ion clock states. Phys. Rev. A 72, 062316 (2005).
97. Home, J. P. et al. Deterministic entanglement and tomography of ion spin qubits. New J. Phys. 8, 188 (2006).
98. Matsukevich, D. N., Maunz, P., Moehring, D. L., Olmschenk, S. & Monroe, C. Bell inequality violation with two remote atomic qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 150404 (2008).
99. Hensinger, W. K. et al. T-junction ion trap array for two-dimensional ion shuttling storage, and manipulation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 034101 (2006).