Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula;Gesundheitliches gefährdungspotenzial von Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. nov.) in säuglingsnahrung

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 664-674

  Friedemann, M ^a  

^a FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT   (Germany)

Author keywords

Enterobacter sakazakii; Health risk; Powdered infant formula

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL MENINGITIS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENTEROBACTER INFECTION; ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD CONTROL; GERMANY; HUMAN; INFANT; LEGAL ASPECT; MICROBIOLOGY; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEWBORN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PATHOGENICITY; POWDER; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK ASSESSMENT; VIRULENCE;

BACTEREMIA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE INFECTIONS; ENTEROCOLITIS, NECROTIZING; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; GERMANY; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT FORMULA; INFANT, NEWBORN; MENINGITIS, BACTERIAL; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; POWDERS; RISK ASSESSMENT; VIRULENCE;

EID: 45849092906     PISSN: 14369990     EISSN: 14371588     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-008-0543-4     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Pangalos G (1929) Sur un bacille chromogène isolé par hémoculture. Comptes rendus seances Soc Biol 100:1097-1098
2. Urmenyyi AMC, Franklin AW (2007) Neonatal death from pigmented coliform infection. Lancet 1:313-315
3. Farmer JJ, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ (1980) Enterobacter sakazakii - a new species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. Internat J Systematic Bacteriol 30:569-584
4. Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, et al. (2007) The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol Biol 7:64
5. Steigerwalt AG, Fanning GR, Fifeasbury MA, Brenner DJ (1976) DNA relatedness among species of Enterobacter and Serratia. Can J Microbiol 22:121-137
6. Block C, Peleg O, Minster N, et al. (2002) Cluster of neonatal infections in Jerusalem due to unusual biochemical variant of Enterobacter sakazakii. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21:613-616
7. Guillaume-Gentil O, Sonnard V, Kandhai SC, et al. (2005) A simple and rapid cultural method for detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in environmental samples. J Food Protection 68:64-69
8. Nazarowec-White M, Farber JM (1997) Thermal resistance of Enterobacter sakazakii in reconstituted dried-infant formula. Lett Appl Microbiol 24:9-13
9. Edelson-Mammel SG, Buchanan RL (2004) Thermal inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii in rehydrated infant formula. J Food Protection 67:60-63
10. Caubilla-Barron J, Forsythe S (2007) Dry stress and survival time of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula. J Food Protection 70:2111-2117
11. Riedel K, Lehner A (2007) Identification of proteins involved in osmotic stress response in Enterobacter sakazakii by proteomics. Proteomics 7:1217-1231
12. Gurtler JB, Kornacki JL, Beuchat LR (2005) Enterobacter sakazakii: a coliform of increased concern to infant health. Int J Food Microbiol 104:1-34
13. Iversen C, Lane M, Forsythe SJ (2004) The growth profile, thermotolerance and biofilm formation of Enterobacter sakazakii grown in infant formula milk. Lett Appl Microbiol 38:378-382
14. Lehner A, Riedel K, Eberl L, et al. (2005) Biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide production, and cell-to-cell signaling in various Enterobacter sakazakii strains: aspects promoting environmental persistence. J Food Protection 68:2287-2294
15. Alonso JL, Soriano A, Carbajo O, et al. (1999) Comparison and recovery of Escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water with a chromogenic medium incubated at 41 and 44.5 degrees C. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3746-3749
16. Dudley DJ, Guentzel MN, Ibarra MJ, et al. (1980) Enumeration of potentially pathogenic bacteria from sewage sludges. Appl Environ Microbiol 39:118-126
17. Schindler PRG, Metz H (1991) Coliform bacteria in drinking water from South Bavaria: Identification by the API 20E-system and resistence patterns. Wat Sci Tech 24:81-84
18. Khan AA, Jones RA, Cerniglia CE (1998) Rapid method for the detection of genetically engineered microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction from soil and sediments. J Industrial Microbiol Biotechnol 20:90-94
19. Kandhai MC, Reij MW, Gorris LG, et al. (2004) Occurrence of Enterobacter sakazakii in food production environments and households. Lancet 363:39-40
20. de los Angeles Mosso MD, Delarosa MD, Vivar C, Medina MD (1994) Heterotrophic bacterial-populations in the mineral waters of thermal springs in Spain. J Applied Bacteriol 77:370-381
21. Gardner JM, Feldman AW, Zablotowicz RM (1982) Identity and behavior of xylem-residing bacteria in rough lemon roots of Florida citrus trees. Applied Environment Microbiol 43:1335-1342
22. Kuklinsky-Sobral J, Araujo WL, Mendes R, et al. (2004) Isolation and characterization of soybeanassociated bacteria and their potential for plant growth promotion. Environment Microbiol 6:1244-1251
23. Gakuya FM, Kyule MN, Gathura PB, Kariuki S (2001) Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial organisms isolated from rats. East Afr Med J 78:646-649
24. Goullet P, Picard B (1986) Characterization of Enterobacter cloacae and E. sakazakii by electrophoretic polymorphism of acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases. J Gen Microbiol 132(Pt 11):3105-3112
25. Kuzina LV, Peloquin JJ, Vacek DC, Miller TA (2001) Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). Curr Microbiol 42:290-294
26. Mramba F, Broce A, Zurek L (2006) Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii from stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae). J Food Prot 69:671-673
27. Muytjens HL, Zanen HC, Sonderkamp HJ, et al. (1983) Analysis of eight cases of neonatal meningitis and sepsis due to Enterobacter sakazakii. J Clinical Microbiol 18:115-120
28. Noriega FR, Kotloff KL, Martin MA, Schwalbe RS (1990) Nosocomial bacteremia caused by Enterobacter sakazakii and Leuconostoc mesenteroides resulting from extrinsic contamination of infant formula. Pediatric Infectious Disease J 9:447-449
29. Simmons BP, Gelfand MS, Haas M, et al. (1989) Enterobacter sakazakii infections in neonates associated with intrinsic contamination of a powdered infant formula. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 10:398-401
30. Schindler PRG, Metz H (1990) [Enumeration of coliforms in rinsed beer mugs-Identification via the API 20E-system and antibiotic resistence patterns]. Öffentl Gesundheitswesen 52:592-597
31. Breeuwer P, Lardeau A, Peterz M, Joosten HM (2003) Desiccation and heat tolerance of Enterobacter sakazakii. J Appl Microbiol 95:967-973
32. Lehner A, Tasara T, Stephan R (2004) 16S rRNA gene based analysis of Enterobacter sakazakii strains from different sources and development of a PCR assay for identification. BMC Microbiology 4:43
33. Asakura H, Morita-Ishihara T, Yamamoto S, Igimi S (2007) Genetic characterization of thermal tolerance in Enterobacter sakazakii. Microbiol Immunol 51:671-677
34. Friedemann M (2007) Enterobacter sakazakii in food and beverages (other than infant formula and milk powder). Internat J Food Microbiol 116:1-10
35. Iversen C, Forsythe S (2004) Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae from powdered infant formula milk and related products. Food Microbiol 21:771-777
36. Muytjens HL, Roelofs-Willemse H, Jaspar GH (1988) Quality of powdered substitutes for breast milk with regard to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol 26:743-746
37. Mange JP, Stephan R, Borel N, et al. (2006) Adhesive properties of Enterobacter sakazakii to human epithelial and brain microvascular endothelial cells. BMC Microbiol 6:58
38. Nair MK, Venkitanarayanan K (2007) Role of bacterial OmpA and host cytoskeleton in the invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by Enterobacter sakazakii. Pediatr Res 62:1-6
39. Townsend SM, Hurrell E, Gonzalez Gomez I, et al. (2007) Enterobacter sakazakii invades brain capillary endothelial cells, persists in human macrophages influencing cytokine secretion and induces severe brain pathology in the neonatal rat. Microbiology 153:3538-3547
40. Pagotto FJ, Nazarowec-White M, Bidawid S, Farber JM (2003) Enterobacter sakazakii: infectivity and enterotoxin production in vitro and in vivo. J Food Prot 66:370-375
41. Mokracka J, Koczura R, Kaznowski A (2004) Yersiniabactin and other siderophores produced by clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. FEMS Immunol Medical Microbiol 40:51-55
42. Zogaj X, Bokranz W, Nimtz M, Romling U (2003) Production of cellulose and curli fimbriae by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. Infect Immun 71:4151-4158
43. Lai KK (2001) Enterobacter sakazakii infections among neonates, infants, children, and adults. Case reports and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 80:113-122
44. FAO-WHO (2006) Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella in powdered infant formula: Meeting report. http://www fao org/ag/agn/jemra/ enterobacter_en stm
45. van Acker J, de Smet F, Muyldermans G, et al. (2001) Outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered milk formula. J Clin Microbiol 39:293-297
46. Aguirre Conde A, Pérez Legorburu A, Echániz Urcelay I, et al. (2007) Sepsis neonatal por Enterobacter sakazakii. An Pediatr (Barc) 66:196-197
47. Drudy D, Mullane NR, Quinn T, et al. (2006) Enterobacter sakazakii: an emerging pathogen in powdered infant formula. Clin Infect Dis 42:996-1002
48. Lehner A, Stephan R (2004) Microbiological, epidemiological, and food safety aspects of Enterobacter sakazakii. J Food Protection 67:2850-2857
49. Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA (2004) Enterobacter sakazakii is a rare cause of neonatal septicemia or meningitis in VLBW infants. J Pediatrics 144:821-823
50. Ray P, Das A, Gautam V, et al. (2007) Postoperative nosocomial Enterobacter sakazakii sepsis. ANZ J Surg 77:915-916
51. Stock I, Wiedemann B (2002) Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Enterobacter amnigenus, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter gergoviae and Enterobacter sakazakii strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 8:564-578
52. Bar-Oz B, Preminger A, Peleg O, et al. (2001) Enterobacter sakazakii infection in the newborn. Acta Paediatrica 90:356-358
53. Barreira ER, Costa de Souza D, de Freitas Góis P, Fernandes JC (2003) Meningite por Enterobacter sakazakii em recém-nascido: relato de caso. Pediatria (Sao Paulo) 25:65-70
54. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (2007) Ceftriaxon-Unverträglichkeit bei Neugeborenen und Kindern. Dtsch Ärztebl 36: 2445
55. Iversen C, Forsythe SJ (2007) Comparison of media for the isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii. Applied and Environment Microbiol 73:48-52
56. Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, et al. (2007) Identification of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii). J Clin Microbiol 45:3814-3816
57. FDA (2002) Isolation and enumeration of Enterobacter sakazakii from dehydrated powdered infant formula. http://www cfsan fda gov/∼comm/ mmesakaz html
58. Iversen C, Druggan P, Forsythe S (2004) A selective differential medium for Enterobacter sakazakii, a preliminary study. Int J Food Microbiol 96:133-139
59. Lehner A, Nitzsche S, Breeuwer P, et al. (2006) Comparison of two chromogenic media and evaluation of two molecular based identification systems for Enterobacter sakazakii detection. BMC Microbiology 6:15
60. Leuschner RGK, Baird F, Donald B, Cox LJ (2004) A medium for the presumptive detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula. Food Microbiol 21:527-533
61. Oh SW, Kang DH (2005) Rapid enumeration of Entereobacter sakazakii in reconstituted milk formula by fluorogenic most-probable-number assay using 96-ell microtiter plate. J Rapid Methods Automation Microbiol 13:318-328
62. Restaino L, Frampton EW, Lionberg WC, Becker RJ (2006) A chromogenic plating medium for the isolation and identification of Enterobacter sakazakii from foods, food ingredients, and environmental sources. J Food Protection 69:315-322
63. Besse NG, Leclercq A, Maladen V, et al. (2006) Evaluation of the international organization for standardization-international dairy federation (ISO-IDF) draft standard method for detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered infant food formulas. J AOAC Int 89:1309-1316
64. Lehner A, Riedel K, Rattei T, et al. (2006) Molecular characterization of the α-glucosidase activity in Enterobacter sakazakii reveals the presence of a putative gene cluster for palatinose metabolism. Systematic Applied Microbiol 29:609-625
65. Malorny B, Wagner M (2005) Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii strains by real-time PCR. J Food Protection 68:1623-1627
66. Seo KH, Brackett RE (2005) Rapid, specific detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula using a real-time PCR assay. J Food Protection 68:59-63
67. Mohan Nair MK, Venkitanarayanan KS (2006) Cloning and sequencing of the ompA gene of Enterobacter sakazakii and development of an ompAtargeted PCR for rapid detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula. Applied Environment Microbiol 72:2539-2546
68. RASFF (2004) Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula from the Netherlands (RASFF 2004/658). http://europa eu int/comm/food/food/rapidalert/ archive_en htm
69. Liu Y, Cai X, Zhang X, et al. (2006) Real time PCR using TaqMan and SYBR green for detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula. J Microbiol Methods 65:21-31
70. Iversen C, Waddington M, On LW, Forsythe S (2004) Identification and phylogeny of Enterobacter sakazakii relative to Enterobacter and Citrobacter species. J Clin Microbiol 42:5368-5370
71. Drudy D, O'Rourke M, Murphy M, et al. (2006) Characterization of a collection of Enterobacter sakazakii isolates from environmental and food sources. Internat J Food Microbiol 110:127-134
72. Lehmacher A, Fiegen M, Hansen B (2007) Realtime PCR von Enterobacter sakazakii in Säuglingsanfangsnahrung. J Verbraucherschutz Lebensmittelsicherheit 2:218-221
73. FAO-WHO (2004) Enterobacter sakazakii and other microorganisms in powdered infant formula: Meeting report. ftp://ftp fao org/docrep/fao/007/ y5502e/y5502e00 pdf
74. FAO-WHO (2007) Safe preparation, storage and handling of powdered infant formula. http://www who int/foodsafety/publications/micro/pif_ guidelines pdf
75. CCFH (2007) Proposed draft code of hygienic practice for powdered formulae for infants and young children at step 3. ftp://ftp fao org/codex/ ccfh39/fh39_04e pdf
76. EFSA (2007) Wissenschaftliches Gutachten des BIOHAZ-Gremiums auf Ersuchen der Kommission zur Überprüfung des Gutachtens über mikrobiologische Risiken in Säuglingsanfangsnahrung und Folgenahrung bezüglich Enterobacteriaceae als Indikatoren (EFSA-Q-2006-078). http://www efsa europa eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753824_ 1178620775464 htm
77. MOH New Zealand (2005) E. sakazakii meningitis to become a notifiable disease. http://www moh govt nz/moh nsf/by+unid/D6081BEC1D116521CC 256FD90074D556?Open
78. Health Protection Agency (2007) Health protection report: bacteraemia and bacterial meningitis. http://www hpa org uk/hpr/
79. EWRS (2007) Early warning and response system. https://webgate cec eu int/ewrs/
80. Cordier JL (2006).,New food related pathogens" - Auswirkungen für die Lebensmittelindustrie. Mitt Lebensm Hyg 97:53-57
81. Jarvis C (2005) Fatal Enterobacter sakazakii infection associated with powdered infant formula in a neonatal intensive care unit in New Zealand. Am J Infection Control 33:E19
82. Kleiman MB, Allen SD, Neal P, Reynolds J (1981) Meningoencephalitis and compartmentalization of the cerebral ventricles caused by Enterobacter sakazakii. J Clin Microbiol 14:352-354
83. DGKJ (2004) Hinweise zur Zubereitung und Handhabung von Säuglingsnahrungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 152:318-320
84. ESPGHAN (2004) Preparation and handling of powdered infant formula: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutrition 39:320-322
85. ÖGKJ (2005) Zubereitung von Säuglingsmilchnahrungen auf Milchpulverbasis - Korrekte Zubereitung und Verwendung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 153:495-500
86. Simon A, Christoph J, Geffers C, et al. (2007) Prävention nosokomialer Infektionen bei neonatologischen Intensivpflegepatienten mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1500 g. Monographie der Arbeitsgruppe Neonatologie der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert Koch-Institut. Eigenverlag, Berlin
87. RKI - Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene (2007) Empfehlungen zur Prävention nosokomialer Infektionen bei neonatologischen Intensivpatienten mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1500 g. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 10:1265-1303