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Three thousand years of unsustainable growth: China's environment from archaic times to the present
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M. Elvin, "Three thousand years of unsustainable growth: China's environment from archaic times to the present," East Asian History Vol. 6 (1993), pp. 7-46
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(1993)
East Asian History
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Elvin, M.1
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2
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0032450613
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The environmental legacy of imperial China
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and M. Elvin, "The environmental legacy of imperial China," The China Quarterly, No. 156 (1998), pp. 733-56.
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(1998)
The China Quarterly
, Issue.156
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Elvin, M.1
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3
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Some examples include: World Bank, Clear Water, Blue Skies. China's Environment in the New Century (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1997)
-
Some examples include: World Bank, Clear Water, Blue Skies." China's Environment in the New Century (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1997)
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4
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0032465221
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Population, public health, and the environment in China
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J. Bannister, "Population, public health, and the environment in China," The China Quarterly, No. 156 (1998), pp. 986-1015
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(1998)
The China Quarterly
, Issue.156
, pp. 986-1015
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Bannister, J.1
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5
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0032714602
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The environment in the People's Republic of China: 50 years on
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R. L. Edmonds, "The environment in the People's Republic of China: 50 years on," The China Quarterly, No. 159 (1999), pp. 640-50
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(1999)
The China Quarterly
, Issue.159
, pp. 640-650
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Edmonds, R.L.1
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6
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3142777292
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Valuing air pollution mortality in China's cities
-
V. Brajer and R. W. Mead, "Valuing air pollution mortality in China's cities," Urban Studies, Vol. 41 (2004), pp.1567-85
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(2004)
Urban Studies
, vol.41
, pp. 1567-1585
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Brajer, V.1
Mead, R.W.2
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7
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33745092429
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2 pollution in China's changing urban environment
-
2 pollution in China's changing urban environment," Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 15 (2006), pp. 349-67
-
(2006)
Journal of Contemporary China
, vol.15
, pp. 349-367
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Mead, R.W.1
Brajer, V.2
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8
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45749124229
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-
and World Bank, Cost of Pollution in China. Economic Assessment of Physical Damage (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2007).
-
and World Bank, Cost of Pollution in China." Economic Assessment of Physical Damage (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2007).
-
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9
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45749092398
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See Y-S.F. Lee, Public environmental consciousness in China: Early empirical evidence in K.A. Day (ed.), China's Environment and Challenge of Sustainable Development (Armonk, NY & London: M.E. Sharpe, 2005), pp. 35-65
-
See Y-S.F. Lee, "Public environmental consciousness in China: Early empirical evidence" in K.A. Day (ed.), China's Environment and Challenge of Sustainable Development (Armonk, NY & London: M.E. Sharpe, 2005), pp. 35-65
-
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10
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31344459232
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Center for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE) Working Paper WM 98-02 () accessed at
-
and B. Day and S Mourato, "Willingness to pay for water quality maintenance in Chinese rivers," Center for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE) Working Paper WM 98-02 (1998) accessed at http://www.uea.ac.uk/env/cserge/pub/wp/wm/wm_1998_02.htm.
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(1998)
Willingness to pay for water quality maintenance in Chinese rivers
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Day, B.1
Mourato, S.2
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11
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85055310706
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The green Olympic movement: Beijing 2008
-
S. Beyer, "The green Olympic movement: Beijing 2008," Chinese Journal of International Law, Vol. 5 (2006), pp. 423-40.
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(2006)
Chinese Journal of International Law
, vol.5
, pp. 423-440
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-
Beyer, S.1
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12
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45749111990
-
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International Olympic Committee, 2008 Lusanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee, accessed at
-
International Olympic Committee, Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in 2008 (Lusanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee, 2001) p. 62, accessed at http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_299.pdf.
-
(2001)
Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in
, pp. 62
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-
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14
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45749151666
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Cost of Pollution in China and OECD
-
For example, the recently released World Bank, Paris: OECD Publishing, examine overall urban air and water pollution problems
-
For example, the recently released World Bank, Cost of Pollution in China and OECD, Environmental Performance Review of China (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2007) examine overall urban air and water pollution problems.
-
(2007)
Environmental Performance Review of China
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15
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45749122931
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The US EPA supported, Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) report Energy Options and Health Benefit Beijing Case Study (available electronically at http://www.epa.gov/ies/pdf/beijing/ Final%20Report_BJ_web.pdf) notes Beijing's Olympic efforts but focuses on projecting cleanup efforts over 30 years.
-
The US EPA supported, Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) report Energy Options and Health Benefit Beijing Case Study (available electronically at http://www.epa.gov/ies/pdf/beijing/ Final%20Report_BJ_web.pdf) notes Beijing's Olympic efforts but focuses on projecting cleanup efforts over 30 years.
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16
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0037593671
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Blue skies in Beijing? Looking at the Olympic effect
-
V. Brajer and R. W. Mead, "Blue skies in Beijing? Looking at the Olympic effect," Journal of Environment and Development, Vol. 12 (2003), pp. 239-63.
-
(2003)
Journal of Environment and Development
, vol.12
, pp. 239-263
-
-
Brajer, V.1
Mead, R.W.2
-
17
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45749126705
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News reports making this claim include D. Hewitt, China's environmental challenge, BBC News, 17 November 2000, accessed electronically at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/asia_pacific/ 1027824.stm
-
News reports making this claim include D. Hewitt, "China's environmental challenge," BBC News, 17 November 2000, accessed electronically at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/asia_pacific/ 1027824.stm
-
-
-
-
18
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45749149364
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and J. Watts, Satellite data reveals Beijing as air pollution capital of world, The Guardian, 31 October 2005, accessed electronically at http://www.guardian.co.uk/china/story/ 0,7369,1605146,00.html.
-
and J. Watts, "Satellite data reveals Beijing as air pollution capital of world," The Guardian, 31 October 2005, accessed electronically at http://www.guardian.co.uk/china/story/ 0,7369,1605146,00.html.
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-
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19
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45749145368
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Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad BOCOG, accessed at
-
Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG), "New Beijing"Website of Beijing Organizing Committee (2001), accessed at http://61.135.180.163/eolympic/xbj/lsbj/lsbj.htm.
-
(2001)
New BeijingWebsite of Beijing Organizing Committee
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-
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20
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45749158307
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-
Beijing Environmental Protection, 2001 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao (2001 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city) (2002), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2617/Default.aspx.
-
Beijing Environmental Protection, "2001 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao" ("2001 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city") (2002), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2617/Default.aspx.
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21
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45749109216
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Ibid.
-
-
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22
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45749148935
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-
1998 levels are reported in Beijing Environmental Protection, 1999 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao (1999 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city) (2000), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2615/Default.aspx.
-
1998 levels are reported in Beijing Environmental Protection, "1999 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao" ("1999 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city") (2000), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2615/Default.aspx.
-
-
-
-
23
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45749086319
-
-
These standards are used by Brajer and Mead, Blue skies, pp. 239-63. They represent maximum threshold levels at which adverse health effects accrue. Additional detail can be found at World Health Organization, WHO air quality guidelines global update 2005, Report on working group meeting, Bonn Germany, 18-20 October 2005, accessed at http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87950.pdf.
-
These standards are used by Brajer and Mead, "Blue skies," pp. 239-63. They represent maximum threshold levels at which adverse health effects accrue. Additional detail can be found at World Health Organization, "WHO air quality guidelines global update 2005," Report on working group meeting, Bonn Germany, 18-20 October 2005, accessed at http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87950.pdf.
-
-
-
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24
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45749088773
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BOCOG, New Beijing
-
BOCOG, "New Beijing."
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-
-
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25
-
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45749113559
-
-
2004 report is BOCOG, Green Olympics in Beijing 2004 - environmental improvement in Beijing (2005), accessed at http://en.beijing2008.cn/bocog/environment/guidelines/n214068375.shtml. 2005 report is BOCOG, Green Olympics in Beijing 2005 - environmental improvement in Beijing, (2006), accessed at http://en.beijing2008.cn/bocog/environment/guidelines/n214068405.shtml.
-
2004 report is BOCOG, "Green Olympics in Beijing 2004 - environmental improvement in Beijing" (2005), accessed at http://en.beijing2008.cn/bocog/environment/guidelines/n214068375.shtml. 2005 report is BOCOG, "Green Olympics in Beijing 2005 - environmental improvement in Beijing," (2006), accessed at http://en.beijing2008.cn/bocog/environment/guidelines/n214068405.shtml.
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28
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45749133311
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3.
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3.
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30
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45749155466
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Chemical oxygen demand or COD is an indirect measure of the number of organic compounds in a body of water and frequently serves as an indicator of organic pollution
-
Chemical oxygen demand or COD is an indirect measure of the number of organic compounds in a body of water and frequently serves as an indicator of organic pollution.
-
-
-
-
31
-
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58449108351
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Addressing China's growing water shortages and associated social and environmental consequences
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Z. Shalizi, "Addressing China's growing water shortages and associated social and environmental consequences," World Bank Policy Research Paper 3895 (2006).
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Two recent examples include H. Zhang, The orientation of water quality variation from the metropolis river Huangpu River, Shanghai, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 127 (2007), pp. 429-34
-
Two recent examples include H. Zhang, "The orientation of water quality variation from the metropolis river Huangpu River, Shanghai," Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 127 (2007), pp. 429-34
-
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33
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33646390388
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Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain
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and X. T. Ju, C. L. Kou, F. S. Zhang and P. Christie, "Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain," Environmental Pollution Vol. 143 (2006) pp. 117-25.
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(2006)
Environmental Pollution
, vol.143
, pp. 117-125
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Ju, X.T.1
Kou, C.L.2
Zhang, F.S.3
Christie, P.4
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34
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29644437157
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Organochlorinated pesticide multiresidues in surface sediments from Beijing Guanting reservoir
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N. Xue, D. Zhang and X. Xu, "Organochlorinated pesticide multiresidues in surface sediments from Beijing Guanting reservoir," Water Research, Vol. 40 (2006), pp. 183-94.
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(2006)
Water Research
, vol.40
, pp. 183-194
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Xue, N.1
Zhang, D.2
Xu, X.3
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33645575678
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Composition, distribution, and characterization of suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides in Beijing GuanTing reservoir (GTR)
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N. Xue and X. Xu, "Composition, distribution, and characterization of suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides in Beijing GuanTing reservoir (GTR), Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 50 (2006), pp. 403-73.
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(2006)
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
, vol.50
, pp. 403-473
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Xu, X.2
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33746979856
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Occurrence of arsenic in groundwater in the suburbs of Beijing and its removal using an iron-cerium bimetal oxide adsorbent
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X. Dou, Y. Zhang, M. Yang, Y. Pei, X. Huang, T. Takayama and S. Kato, "Occurrence of arsenic in groundwater in the suburbs of Beijing and its removal using an iron-cerium bimetal oxide adsorbent," Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, Vol. 41, No. 2 (2006), pp. 140-40.
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Water Quality Research Journal of Canada
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, pp. 140-140
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Dou, X.1
Zhang, Y.2
Yang, M.3
Pei, Y.4
Huang, X.5
Takayama, T.6
Kato, S.7
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37
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31444436874
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Though the study is for a select area, the results are important because ground water is an important water source for Beijing, as reported by L. Zhang and C. Kennedy, Determination of sustainable yield in urban groundwater systems: Beijing, China, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 11, No. 1 2006, pp. 21-28
-
Though the study is for a select area, the results are important because ground water is an important water source for Beijing, as reported by L. Zhang and C. Kennedy, "Determination of sustainable yield in urban groundwater systems: Beijing, China," Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2006), pp. 21-28.
-
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38
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33748416478
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City clusters in China: Air and surface water pollution
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M. Shao, X. Tang, Y. Zhang and W. Li, "City clusters in China: Air and surface water pollution," Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Vol. 4, No. 7 (2006), pp. 353-61.
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(2006)
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
, vol.4
, Issue.7
, pp. 353-361
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Shao, M.1
Tang, X.2
Zhang, Y.3
Li, W.4
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39
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Occurrence of PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the Tonghui River of Beijing, China
-
Z. Zhang, J. Huang, G. Yu and H. Hong, "Occurrence of PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the Tonghui River of Beijing, China," Environmental Pollution, Vol. 130 (2004), pp. 249-41.
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(2004)
Environmental Pollution
, vol.130
, pp. 249-341
-
-
Zhang, Z.1
Huang, J.2
Yu, G.3
Hong, H.4
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40
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-
27844536887
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Yingyong weihe jishu dui Beijing Sanhai shuiyu wuran zhuangkuan de yangjiu" ("Study on water pollution in Sanhai in Beijing with micronucleus test method")
-
J. Li, Y. Li, Y. Hu, M. Cai and L. Qiao, "Yingyong weihe jishu dui Beijing Sanhai shuiyu wuran zhuangkuan de yangjiu" ("Study on water pollution in Sanhai in Beijing with micronucleus test method") Shengtai zazhi (Chinese Journal of Ecology), Vol. 24 (2005), pp. 1100-09.
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(2005)
Shengtai zazhi (Chinese Journal of Ecology)
, vol.24
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Li, J.1
Li, Y.2
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41
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45749102685
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Beijing Academy for Environmental Protection Science and Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, China-second Beijing environmental project: Environmental assessment summary World Bank Report number E327 2000
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Beijing Academy for Environmental Protection Science and Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, "China-second Beijing environmental project: Environmental assessment summary" World Bank Report number E327 (2000).
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42
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45749145643
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Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, Beijing tongji nianjian 2001 (Beijing Statistical Yearbook 2001) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2002), accessed at http://chinadataonline.org.
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Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, Beijing tongji nianjian 2001 (Beijing Statistical Yearbook 2001) (Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2002), accessed at http://chinadataonline.org.
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43
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84971538480
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Beijing Environmental Protection
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Beijing Environmental Protection, "2001 report."
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2001 report
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44
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45749090759
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-
Beijing Environmental Protection
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Beijing Environmental Protection, "1999 report."
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1999 report
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-
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45
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45749097248
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-
BOCOG, New Beijing
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BOCOG, "New Beijing."
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47
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45749126853
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Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Bid Committee (BOBICO), Environmental protection and meteorology, in 1 Candidature Files (2001), accessed at http://61.135.180.163/eolympic/ztq/sbbg/sbbg.html.
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Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Bid Committee (BOBICO), "Environmental protection and meteorology," in Vol. 1 Candidature Files (2001), accessed at http://61.135.180.163/eolympic/ztq/sbbg/sbbg.html.
-
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48
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45749114774
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Green Olympics in 2004
-
BOCOG
-
BOCOG, "Green Olympics in 2004."
-
-
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49
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45749119341
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Green Olympics in 2005
-
BOCOG
-
BOCOG, "Green Olympics in 2005."
-
-
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50
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45749146838
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-
United Nations Environmental Programs
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United Nations Environmental Programs, Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, p. 119.
-
Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
, pp. 119
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51
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45749119341
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Green Olympics in 2005
-
BOCOG
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BOCOG, "Green Olympics in 2005."
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-
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52
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45749087535
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Beijing Environmental Protection, 2005 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao (2005 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city) (2006), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2615/Default.aspx.
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Beijing Environmental Protection, "2005 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao" ("2005 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city") (2006), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2615/Default.aspx.
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53
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45749125033
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Beijing Environmental Protection, 2004 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao (2004 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city) (2005), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2620/Default.aspx.
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Beijing Environmental Protection, "2004 nian Beijing shi huangjing zhuangkuang gongbao" ("2004 report on environmental conditions for Beijing city") (2005), accessed at http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/bjhb/tabid/68/InfoID/2620/Default.aspx.
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55
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45749096859
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Green Olympics in 2005
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BOCOG
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BOCOG, "Green Olympics in 2004" and BOCOG, "Green Olympics in 2005."
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56
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45749091567
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Beijing Olympics 2008: Games backers play up green; as protesters gear up, Olympic sponsors craft plans to avoid the fray,
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15 November
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M. Fong, "Beijing Olympics 2008: Games backers play up green; as protesters gear up, Olympic sponsors craft plans to avoid the fray," Wall Street Journal, 15 November 2007, p. B1.
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See, for example: World Bank, Washington, DC: World Bank
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See, for example: World Bank, China: Air, Land, and Water (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001)
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(2001)
China: Air, Land, and Water
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C. Peng, X. Wu, G. Liu, T. Johnson, J. Shah and S. Guttikunda, "Urban air quality and health in China," Urban Studies, Vol. 12 (2002), pp. 2283-99
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or H. Kan, B. Chen, C. Chen, Q. Fu and M. Chen, An evaluation of public health impact of ambient air pollution under various energy scenarios in Shanghai, China, Atmospheric Environment, 38 (2004), pp. 95-102.
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or H. Kan, B. Chen, C. Chen, Q. Fu and M. Chen, "An evaluation of public health impact of ambient air pollution under various energy scenarios in Shanghai, China," Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38 (2004), pp. 95-102.
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Air pollution and acute respiratory illness: Evidence from Taiwan and Los Angeles
-
note problems in applying studies cross culturally
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A. Alberini and A. Krupnick, "Air pollution and acute respiratory illness: Evidence from Taiwan and Los Angeles," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 79 (1997), pp. 1620-24 note problems in applying studies cross culturally.
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American Journal of Agricultural Economics
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Alberini, A.1
Krupnick, A.2
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M. L. Cropper, N. B. Simon, A. Alberini, S. Arora and P. K. Sharma, The health benefits of air pollution control in Dehli, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 79 (1997), pp. 1625-29 note that applying US studies to developing countries is likely to be misleading.
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M. L. Cropper, N. B. Simon, A. Alberini, S. Arora and P. K. Sharma, "The health benefits of air pollution control in Dehli," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 79 (1997), pp. 1625-29 note that applying US studies to developing countries is "likely to be misleading."
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-
-
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63
-
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45749144542
-
-
For more on this functional form, on the development and interpretation of the b factor, and on the baseline figures for mortality, outpatient visits and emergency room visits, see Brajer and Mead, Blue skies.
-
For more on this functional form, on the development and interpretation of the b factor, and on the baseline figures for mortality, outpatient visits and emergency room visits, see Brajer and Mead, "Blue skies."
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64
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Effects of air pollution on adult pulmonary function
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45749133701
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2-outpatient visits. However, to prevent our discussion from becoming too complicated, we elected to highlight the mid health values as a best, most scientifically defensible, case. A complete description of the health uncertainty ranges is available upon request from the authors.
-
2-outpatient visits. However, to prevent our discussion from becoming too complicated, we elected to highlight the "mid" health values as a best, most scientifically defensible, case. A complete description of the health uncertainty ranges is available upon request from the authors.
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67
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Air pollution and daily mortality in residential areas of Beijing, China
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X. Xu, J. Gao, D. W. Dockery and Y. Chen, "Air pollution and daily mortality in residential areas of Beijing, China," Archives of Environmental Health, Vol. 49 (1994), pp. 216-22.
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