Contributions of PK/PD modeling to intravenous anesthesia

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 84, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 27-38

  Minto, C F ^a   Schnider, T W ^b,c  

^a ROYAL NORTH SHORE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b CANTONAL HOSPITAL ST GALLEN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; ETOMIDATE; FENTANYL; INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENT; KETAMINE; MIDAZOLAM; MIRFENTANIL; PROPOFOL; REMIFENTANIL; SUFENTANIL; THIOPENTAL; TREFENTANIL; VECURONIUM;

ANESTHESIST; BIOEQUIVALENCE; BLOOD SAMPLING; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; CORNEA REFLEX; DOSE TIME EFFECT RELATION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG MONITORING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE; HEART OUTPUT; INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PLASMA CONCENTRATION-TIME CURVE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

EID: 45549102109     PISSN: 00099236     EISSN: 15326535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.100     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Fisher, D.M. (Almost) everything you learned about pharmacokinetics was (somewhat) wrong! Anesth. Analg. 83, 901-903 (1996).
2. Avram, M.J. & Krejcie, T.C. Using front-end kinetics to optimize target-controlled drug infusions. Anesthesiology 99, 1078-1086 (2003).
3. Wada, D.R., Stanski, D.R. & Ebling, W.F. A PC-based graphical simulator for physiological pharmacokinetic models. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 46, 245-255 (1995).
4. Upton, R.N. & Ludbrook, G.L. A physiological model of induction of anaesthesia with propofol in sheep. 1. Structure and estimation of variables. Br. J. Anaesth. 79, 497-504 (1997).
5. Ludbrook, G.L. & Upton, R.N. A physiological model of induction of anaesthesia with propofol in sheep. 2. Model analysis and implications for dose requirements. Br. J. Anaesth. 79, 505-513 (1997).
6. Krejcie, T.C. et al. Recirculatory pharmacokinetic models of markers of blood, extracellular fluid and total body water administered concomitantly. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 278, 1050-1057 (1996).
7. Avram, M.J. et al. The effect of halothane on the recirculatory pharmacokinetics of physiologic markers. Anesthesiology 87, 1381-1393 (1997).
8. Segre, G. Kinetics of interaction between drugs and biological systems. Farmaco [Sci]. 23, 907-918 (1968).
9. Hull, C.J., Van Beem, H.B., McLeod, K., Sibbald, A. & Watson, M.J. A pharmacodynamic model for pancuronium. Br. J. Anaesth. 50, 1113-1123 (1978).
10. Sheiner, L.B., Stanski, D.R., Vozeh, S., Miller, R.D. & Ham, J. Simultaneous modeling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: application to d-tubocurarine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 25, 358-371 (1979).
11. Stanski, D.R., Hudson, R.J., Homer, T.D., Saidman, L.J. & Meathe, E. Pharmacodynamic modeling of thiopental anesthesia. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 12, 223-240 (1984).
12. Scott, J.C., Ponganis, K.V. & Stanski, D.R. EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: the comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 62, 234-241 (1985).
13. Lemmens, H.J., Dyck, J.B., Shafer, S.L. & Stanski, D.R. Pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic modeling in drug development: application to the investigational opioid trefentanil. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 56, 261-271 (1994).
14. Fisher, D.M., Szenohradszky, J., Wright, P.M., Lau, M., Brown, R. & Sharma, M. Pharmacodynamic modeling of vecuronium-induced twitch depression. Rapid plasma-effect site equilibration explains faster onset at resistant laryngeal muscles than at the adductor pollicis. Anesthesiology 86, 558-566 (1997).
15. Kazama, T. et al. Comparison of the effect-site k(eO)s of propofol for blood pressure and EEG bispectral index in elderly and younger patients. Anesthesiology 90, 1517-1527 (1999).
16. Bouillon, T., Bruhn, J., Radu-Radulescu, L., Andresen, C., Cohane, C. & Shafer, S.L. A model of the ventilatory depressant potency of remifentanil in the non-steady state. Anesthesiology 99, 779-787 (2003).
17. Kazama, T. et al. Investigation of effective anesthesia induction doses using a wide range of infusion rates with undiluted and diluted propofol. Anesthesiology 92, 1017-1028 (2000).
18. Struys, M.M. et al. Influence of administration rate on propofol plasma-effect site equilibration. Anesthesiology 107, 386-396 (2007).
19. Fisher, D.M. Take it to the limit (one more time). Anesthesiology 107, 367-368 (2007).
20. Ludbrook, G.L., Upton, R.N., Grant, C. & Martinez, A. A compartmental analysis of the pharmacokinetics of propofol in sheep. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 27, 329-338 (1999).
21. Ludbrook, G.L., Upton, R.N., Grant, C. & Martinez, A. Prolonged dysequilibrium between blood and brain concentrations of propofol during infusions in sheep. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 43, 206-211 (1999).
22. Shafer, S.L. & Varvel, J.R. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and rational opioid selection. Anesthesiology 74, 53-63 (1991).
23. Minto, C.F., Schnider, T.W., Gregg, K.M., Henthorn, T.K. & Shafer, S.L. Using the time of maximum effect site concentration to combine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Anesthesiology 99, 324-333 (2003).
24. Hughes, M.A., Glass, P.S. & Jacobs, J.R. Context-sensitive half-time in multicompartment pharmacokinetic models for intravenous anesthetic drugs. Anesthesiology 76, 334-341 (1992).
25. Bailey, J.M. Technique for quantifying the duration of intravenous anesthetic effect. Anesthesiology 83, 1095-1103 (1995).
26. Vuyk, J., Mertens, M.J., Olofsen, E., Burm, A.G. & Bovill, J.G. Propofol anesthesia and rational opioid selection: determination of optimal EC50-EC95 propofolopioid concentrations that assure adequate anesthesia and a rapid return of consciousness. Anesthesiology 87, 1549-1562 (1997).
27. Schnider, T.W. & Shafer, S.L. Evolving clinically useful predictors of recovery from intravenous anesthetics. Anesthesiology 83, 902-905 (1995).
28. Marsh, B., White, M., Morton, N. & Kenny, G.N. Pharmacokinetic model driven infusion of propofol in children. Br. J. Anaesth. 67, 41-48 (1991).
29. Hu, C., Horstman, D.J. & Shafer, S.L. Variability of target-controlled infusion is less than the variability after bolus injection. Anesthesiology 102, 639-645 (2005).
30. Schnider, T.W. et al. The influence of method of administration and covariates on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult volunteers. Anesthesiology 88, 1170-1182 (1998).
31. Minto, C.F. et al. Influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. I. Model development. Anesthesiology 86, 10-23 (1997).
32. Minto, C.F., Schnider, T.W., Short, T.G., Gregg, K.M., Gentilini, A. & Shafer, S.L. Response surface model for anesthetic drug interactions. Anesthesiology 92, 1603-1616 (2000).
33. Bouillon, T.W. et al. Pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol and remifentanil regarding hypnosis, tolerance of laryngoscopy, bispectral index, and electroencephalographic approximate entropy. Anesthesiology 100, 1353-1372 (2004).
34. Johnson, K.B. et al. An evaluation of remifentanil propofol response surfaces for loss of responsiveness, loss of response to surrogates of painful stimuli and laryngoscopy in patients undergoing elective surgery. Anesth. Analg. 106, 471-479 (2008).
35. Bickford, R.G. Automatic electroencephalographic control of general anesthesia. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2, 93-96 (1950).
36. Soltero, D.E., Faulconer, A. Jr. & Bickford, R.G. The clinical application of automatic anesthesia. Anesthesiology 12, 574-582 (1951).
37. Kiersey, D.K., Faulconer, A. Jr. & Bickford, R.G. Automatic electroencephalographic control of thiopental anesthesia. Anesthesiology 15, 356-364 (1954).
38. Absalom, A.R., Sutcliffe, N. & Kenny, G.N. Closed-loop control of anesthesia using bispectral index: performance assessment in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery under combined general and regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology 96, 67-73 (2002).
39. Liu, N. et al. Titration of propofol for anesthetic induction and maintenance guided by the bispectral index: closed-loop versus manual control: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Anesthesiology 104, 686-695 (2006).
40. Schwilden, H., Schüttler, J. & Stoeckel, H. Closed-loop feedback control of methohexital anesthesia by quantitative EEG analysis in humans. Anesthesiology 67, 341-347 (1987).
41. Struys, M.M., De Smet, T., Versichelen, L.F., Van De Velde, S., Van den Broecke, R. & Mortier, E.P. Comparison of closed-loop controlled administration of propofol using Bispectral Index as the controlled variable versus "standard practice" controlled administration. Anesthesiology 95, 6-17 (2001).
42. De Smet, T., Struys, M.M., Greenwald, S., Mortier, E.P. & Shafer, S.L. Estimation of optimal modeling weights for a Bayesian-based closed-loop system for propofol administration using the bispectral index as a controlled variable: a simulation study. Anesth. Analg. 105, 1629-1638 (2007).
43. Sartori, V., Schumacher, P., Bouillon, T., Luginbuehl, M. & Morari, M. On-line estimation of propofol pharmacodynamic parameters. Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 1, 74-77 (2005).
44. Kern, S.E., Johnson, J.O. & Westenskow, D.R. Fuzzy logic for model adaptation of a pharmacokinetic-based closed loop delivery system for pancuronium. Artif. Intell. Med. 11, 9-31 (1997).
45. Gentilini, A., Frei, C.W., Glattfelder, A.H., Morari, M. & Schnider, T.W. Identification and targeting policies for computer-controlled infusion pumps. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 28, 179-185 (2000).
46. Gentilini, A., Schaniel, C., Morari, M., Bieniok, C., Wymann, R. & Schnider, T. A new paradigm for the closed-loop intraoperative administration of analgesics in humans. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 49, 289-299 (2002).
47. Luginbühl, M., Bieniok, C., Leibundgut, D., Wymann, R., Gentilini, A. & Schnider, T.W. Closed-loop control of mean arterial blood pressure during surgery with alfentanil: clinical evaluation of a novel model-based predictive controller. Anesthesiology 105, 462-470 (2006).
48. Nunes, C.S., Mahfouf, M., Linkens, D.A. & Peacock, J.E. Modelling and multivariable control in anaesthesia using neural-fuzzy paradigms. Part I. Classification of depth of anaesthesia and development of a patient model. Artif. Intell. Med. 35, 195-206 (2005).
49. Haddad, W.M., Bailey, J.M., Hayakawa, T. & Hovakimyan, N. Neural network adaptive output feedback control for intensive care unit sedation and intraoperative anesthesia. IEEE Trans. Neural. Netw. 18, 1049-1066 (2007).
50. Zbinden, A.M., Feigenwinter, P., Petersen-Felix, S. & Hacisalihzade, S. Arterial pressure control with isoflurane using fuzzy logic. Br. J. Anaesth. 74, 66-72 (1995).
51. Rupp, S.M., Castagnoli, K.P., Fisher, D.M. & Miller, R.D. Pancuronium and vecuronium pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in younger and elderly adults. Anesthesiology 67, 45-49 (1987).