메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1387-1396

Co-administration of opioid agonists and antagonists in addiction and pain medicine

Author keywords

Addiction; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Opioid; Opioid agonist; Opioid antagonist; Pain; Ultra low dose

Indexed keywords

17 METHYLNALTREXONE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIEMETIC AGENT; ANTIPRURITIC AGENT; BUPRENORPHINE; CLONIDINE; FILAMIN A; METHADONE; MORPHINE; NALMEFENE; NALORPHINE; NALOXONE; NALTREXONE; NALTREXONE PLUS OXYCODONE; NARCOTIC AGENT; OPIATE; OPIATE AGONIST; OPIATE ANTAGONIST; OXYCODONE; OXYTREX; PENTAZOCINE; PLACEBO; SUBUXONE; TALWIN NX; TILIDINE; VALORON N; MU OPIATE RECEPTOR; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST;

EID: 45549086362     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.8.1387     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (145)
  • 2
    • 34250863296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National drug control policy and prescription drug abuse; facts and fallacies
    • Manchikanti L. National drug control policy and prescription drug abuse; facts and fallacies. Pain Physician 2007;10:399-424
    • (2007) Pain Physician , vol.10 , pp. 399-424
    • Manchikanti, L.1
  • 3
    • 34248569302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid dependence and addiction during opioid treatment of chronic pain
    • Ballantyne JC, LaForge KS. Opioid dependence and addiction during opioid treatment of chronic pain. Pain 2007;129:235-55
    • (2007) Pain , vol.129 , pp. 235-255
    • Ballantyne, J.C.1    LaForge, K.S.2
  • 4
    • 36749032377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription OxyContin abuse among patients entering addiction treatment
    • Carise D, Dugosh KL, McLellan AT, et al. Prescription OxyContin abuse among patients entering addiction treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:1750-6
    • (2007) Am J Psychiatry , vol.164 , pp. 1750-1756
    • Carise, D.1    Dugosh, K.L.2    McLellan, A.T.3
  • 5
    • 40549103474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abuse liability of prescription opioids compared to heroin in morphine-maintained heroin abusers
    • Comer SD, Sullivan MA, Whittington RA, et al. Abuse liability of prescription opioids compared to heroin in morphine-maintained heroin abusers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33(5):1179-91
    • (2008) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1179-1191
    • Comer, S.D.1    Sullivan, M.A.2    Whittington, R.A.3
  • 7
    • 73649156359 scopus 로고
    • N-allylnoroxy-morphone: A new potent narcotic antagonist
    • Foldes FF, Lunn JN, Moore J, Brown IM. N-allylnoroxy-morphone: a new potent narcotic antagonist. Am J Med Sci 1963;245:23-30
    • (1963) Am J Med Sci , vol.245 , pp. 23-30
    • Foldes, F.F.1    Lunn, J.N.2    Moore, J.3    Brown, I.M.4
  • 10
    • 0017124197 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of pharmacokinetics to pharmacological activity: Morphine, methadone and naloxone
    • Berkowitz BA. The relationship of pharmacokinetics to pharmacological activity: morphine, methadone and naloxone. Clin Pharmacokinet 1976;1:219-30
    • (1976) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.1 , pp. 219-230
    • Berkowitz, B.A.1
  • 11
    • 0015758661 scopus 로고
    • Disposition of naloxone-7,8,3H in normal and narcotic-dependent men
    • Fishman J, Roffwarg H, Hellman L. Disposition of naloxone-7,8,3H in normal and narcotic-dependent men. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973;187:575-80
    • (1973) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.187 , pp. 575-580
    • Fishman, J.1    Roffwarg, H.2    Hellman, L.3
  • 12
    • 0025254241 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sublingually given naloxone in opioid-dependent human volunteers
    • Preston KL, Bigelow GE, Liebson IA. Effects of sublingually given naloxone in opioid-dependent human volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depend 1990;25:27-34
    • (1990) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.25 , pp. 27-34
    • Preston, K.L.1    Bigelow, G.E.2    Liebson, I.A.3
  • 13
    • 0033528748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute heroin overdose
    • Sporer KA. Acute heroin overdose. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:584-90
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 584-590
    • Sporer, K.A.1
  • 14
    • 0015827905 scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone, an antagonist for the treatment of heroin dependence. Effects in man
    • Martin WR, Jasinski DR, Mansky PA. Naltrexone, an antagonist for the treatment of heroin dependence. Effects in man. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:784-91
    • (1973) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 784-791
    • Martin, W.R.1    Jasinski, D.R.2    Mansky, P.A.3
  • 16
    • 0016346903 scopus 로고
    • The urinary excretion profile of naltrexone and metabolites in man
    • Cone EJ, Gorodetzky CW, Yeh SY. The urinary excretion profile of naltrexone and metabolites in man. Drug Metab Dispos 1974;2:506-12
    • (1974) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.2 , pp. 506-512
    • Cone, E.J.1    Gorodetzky, C.W.2    Yeh, S.Y.3
  • 17
    • 0017092139 scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone: Disposition, metabolism, and effects after acute and chronic dosing
    • Verebey K, Volavka J, Mule SJ, Resnick RB. Naltrexone: disposition, metabolism, and effects after acute and chronic dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976;20:315-28
    • (1976) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.20 , pp. 315-328
    • Verebey, K.1    Volavka, J.2    Mule, S.J.3    Resnick, R.B.4
  • 19
    • 0018250725 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the receptor binding characteristics of opiate agonists interacting with mu- or kappa-receptors
    • Kosterlitz HW, Leslie FM. Comparison of the receptor binding characteristics of opiate agonists interacting with mu- or kappa-receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1978;64:607-14
    • (1978) Br J Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 607-614
    • Kosterlitz, H.W.1    Leslie, F.M.2
  • 20
    • 0017124197 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of pharmacokinetics to pharmacological activity: Morphine, methadone and naloxone
    • Berkowitz BA. The relationship of pharmacokinetics to pharmacological activity: morphine, methadone and naloxone. Clin Pharmacokinet 1976;1:219-30
    • (1976) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.1 , pp. 219-230
    • Berkowitz, B.A.1
  • 21
    • 0014119283 scopus 로고
    • The human pharmacology and abuse potential of N-allylnoroxymorphone (naloxone)
    • Jasinski DR, Martin WR, Haertzen CA. The human pharmacology and abuse potential of N-allylnoroxymorphone (naloxone). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1967;157:420-6
    • (1967) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.157 , pp. 420-426
    • Jasinski, D.R.1    Martin, W.R.2    Haertzen, C.A.3
  • 22
    • 0034604239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic treatment of heroin-dependent patients
    • O'Connor PG, Fiellin DA. Pharmacologic treatment of heroin-dependent patients. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:40-54
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.133 , pp. 40-54
    • O'Connor, P.G.1    Fiellin, D.A.2
  • 23
    • 33751252581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular mechanisms of morphine addiction
    • McClung CA. The molecular mechanisms of morphine addiction. Rev Neurosci 2006;17:393-402
    • (2006) Rev Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 393-402
    • McClung, C.A.1
  • 24
    • 0036089264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms for heterologous sensitization of adenylate cyclase
    • Watts VJ. Molecular mechanisms for heterologous sensitization of adenylate cyclase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:1-7
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.302 , pp. 1-7
    • Watts, V.J.1
  • 25
    • 0034756369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroadaptive responses in brainstem noradrenergic nuclei following chronic morphine exposure
    • Van Bockstaele EJ, Menko AS, Drolet G. Neuroadaptive responses in brainstem noradrenergic nuclei following chronic morphine exposure. Mol Neurobiol 2001;23:155-71
    • (2001) Mol Neurobiol , vol.23 , pp. 155-171
    • Van Bockstaele, E.J.1    Menko, A.S.2    Drolet, G.3
  • 26
    • 29444456499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 pathway mediates the negative affective states of opiate withdrawal
    • Contarino A, Papaleo F. The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 pathway mediates the negative affective states of opiate withdrawal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:18649-54
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 18649-18654
    • Contarino, A.1    Papaleo, F.2
  • 27
    • 0033970450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 in opiate withdrawal
    • Iredale PA, Alvaro JD, Lee Y, et al. Role of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 in opiate withdrawal. J Neurochem 2000;74:199-208
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.74 , pp. 199-208
    • Iredale, P.A.1    Alvaro, J.D.2    Lee, Y.3
  • 28
    • 0038727251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing factor testing reveals a dose-dependent difference in methadone maintained vs control subjects
    • Schluger JH, Bart G, Green M, et al. Corticotropin-releasing factor testing reveals a dose-dependent difference in methadone maintained vs control subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28:985-94
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 985-994
    • Schluger, J.H.1    Bart, G.2    Green, M.3
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0026012840 scopus 로고
    • Opioid agonist-antagonist drugs in acute and chronic pain states
    • Hoskin PJ, Hanks GW. Opioid agonist-antagonist drugs in acute and chronic pain states. Drugs 1991;41:326-44
    • (1991) Drugs , vol.41 , pp. 326-344
    • Hoskin, P.J.1    Hanks, G.W.2
  • 31
    • 0002175480 scopus 로고
    • N-Allylnormorphine: Effects of single doses and precipitation of acute abstinence syndromes during addiction to morphine; methadone or heroin in man (post addicts)
    • Wikler A, Fraser HF, Isbell H. N-Allylnormorphine: effects of single doses and precipitation of acute abstinence syndromes during addiction to morphine; methadone or heroin in man (post addicts). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1953;109:8-20
    • (1953) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.109 , pp. 8-20
    • Wikler, A.1    Fraser, H.F.2    Isbell, H.3
  • 33
    • 0015927264 scopus 로고
    • Naloxone for diagnosis in methadone programs
    • Blachly PH. Naloxone for diagnosis in methadone programs. JAMA 1973;224:334-5
    • (1973) JAMA , vol.224 , pp. 334-335
    • Blachly, P.H.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0026439477 scopus 로고
    • Rationale for maintenance pharmacotherapy of opiate dependence
    • Kreek MJ. Rationale for maintenance pharmacotherapy of opiate dependence. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1992;70:205-30
    • (1992) Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis , vol.70 , pp. 205-230
    • Kreek, M.J.1
  • 36
    • 0043092376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic treatments for heroin and cocaine dependence
    • Kleber HD. Pharmacologic treatments for heroin and cocaine dependence. Am J Addict 2003; 12(Suppl 2):S5-18
    • (2003) Am J Addict , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Kleber, H.D.1
  • 37
    • 7444270984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-rapid opioid detoxification: Current status and controversies
    • Singh J, Basu D. Ultra-rapid opioid detoxification: current status and controversies. J Postgrad Med 2004;50:227-32
    • (2004) J Postgrad Med , vol.50 , pp. 227-232
    • Singh, J.1    Basu, D.2
  • 38
    • 0038824757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-rapid opiate detoxification: From clinical applications to basic science
    • Streel E, Verbanck P. Ultra-rapid opiate detoxification: from clinical applications to basic science. Addict Biol 2003;8:141-6
    • (2003) Addict Biol , vol.8 , pp. 141-146
    • Streel, E.1    Verbanck, P.2
  • 39
    • 0032554055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid and ultrarapid opioid detoxification techniques
    • O'Connor PG, Kosten TR. Rapid and ultrarapid opioid detoxification techniques. JAMA 1998;279:229-34
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 229-234
    • O'Connor, P.G.1    Kosten, T.R.2
  • 42
    • 0015213077 scopus 로고
    • Narcotic antagonists: New methods to treat heroin addiction
    • Hammond AL. Narcotic antagonists: new methods to treat heroin addiction. Science 1971;173:503-6
    • (1971) Science , vol.173 , pp. 503-506
    • Hammond, A.L.1
  • 43
    • 0015621851 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of drug dependence. Implications of a conditioning theory for research and treatment
    • Wikler A. Dynamics of drug dependence. Implications of a conditioning theory for research and treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:611-6
    • (1973) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 611-616
    • Wikler, A.1
  • 44
    • 0021128816 scopus 로고
    • Use of naltrexone to extinguish opioid-conditioned responses
    • O'Brien CP, Childress AR, McLellan AT, et al. Use of naltrexone to extinguish opioid-conditioned responses. J Clin Psychiatry 1984;45:53-6
    • (1984) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 53-56
    • O'Brien, C.P.1    Childress, A.R.2    McLellan, A.T.3
  • 46
    • 0015776712 scopus 로고
    • Methadone and naloxone in combination (naldone) for the treatment of heroin addicts
    • Caruso FS, Gordon M, Pachter IJ. Methadone and naloxone in combination (naldone) for the treatment of heroin addicts. Proc Natl Conf Methadone Treat 1973;2:1336-41
    • (1973) Proc Natl Conf Methadone Treat , vol.2 , pp. 1336-1341
    • Caruso, F.S.1    Gordon, M.2    Pachter, I.J.3
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0015966429 scopus 로고
    • Methadone-naloxone mixtures for use in methadone maintenance programs. I. An evaluation in man of their pharmacological feasibility. II. Demonstration of acute physical dependence
    • Nutt JG, Jasinski DR. Methadone-naloxone mixtures for use in methadone maintenance programs. I. An evaluation in man of their pharmacological feasibility. II. Demonstration of acute physical dependence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1974;15:156-66
    • (1974) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 156-166
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Jasinski, D.R.2
  • 49
    • 0015835711 scopus 로고
    • Methadone-naloxone in combination for the treatment of heroin addicts
    • Parwatikar SD, Knowles RR. Methadone-naloxone in combination for the treatment of heroin addicts. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1973;14:941-8
    • (1973) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.14 , pp. 941-948
    • Parwatikar, S.D.1    Knowles, R.R.2
  • 50
    • 0021277683 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological study of pentazocine-naloxone combination: Interest as a potentially non abusable oral form of pentazocine
    • Legros J, Khalili-Varasteh H, Margetts G. Pharmacological study of pentazocine-naloxone combination: interest as a potentially non abusable oral form of pentazocine. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1984;271:11-21
    • (1984) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther , vol.271 , pp. 11-21
    • Legros, J.1    Khalili-Varasteh, H.2    Margetts, G.3
  • 51
    • 84907122872 scopus 로고
    • Pentazocine-naloxone experimenters among abusers of pentazocine and tripelennamine from a VA treatment population
    • True WR, Poklis A, Jamieson RW, Seyfried W. Pentazocine-naloxone experimenters among abusers of pentazocine and tripelennamine from a VA treatment population. Int J Addict 1988;23:217-26
    • (1988) Int J Addict , vol.23 , pp. 217-226
    • True, W.R.1    Poklis, A.2    Jamieson, R.W.3    Seyfried, W.4
  • 52
    • 0345363203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of tilidine/naloxone, tramadol and bromfenac in experimental pain: A double-blind randomized crossover study in healthy human volunteers
    • Hogger P, Rohdewald P. Comparison of tilidine/naloxone, tramadol and bromfenac in experimental pain: a double-blind randomized crossover study in healthy human volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;37:377-85
    • (1999) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.37 , pp. 377-385
    • Hogger, P.1    Rohdewald, P.2
  • 53
    • 0026675101 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of tilidine-naloxone and pentazocine in knee and hip osteoarthritis
    • Van CH, Rubwiedel M, Albert A, Franchimont P. Comparative study of tilidine-naloxone and pentazocine in knee and hip osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1992;12:1-9
    • (1992) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.12 , pp. 1-9
    • Van, C.H.1    Rubwiedel, M.2    Albert, A.3    Franchimont, P.4
  • 54
    • 33646026437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of opioid formulations with limited diversion and abuse potential
    • Fudala PJ, Johnson RE. Development of opioid formulations with limited diversion and abuse potential. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006;83(Suppl 1):S40-47
    • (2006) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Fudala, P.J.1    Johnson, R.E.2
  • 55
    • 0026555231 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in human opioid-dependent subjects
    • Kanof PD, Handelsman L, Aronson MJ, et al. Clinical characteristics of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in human opioid-dependent subjects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;260:355-63
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.260 , pp. 355-363
    • Kanof, P.D.1    Handelsman, L.2    Aronson, M.J.3
  • 56
    • 9944254174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the treatment of opiate addiction
    • Fudala PJ, Woody GW. Recent advances in the treatment of opiate addiction. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2004;6:339-46
    • (2004) Curr Psychiatry Rep , vol.6 , pp. 339-346
    • Fudala, P.J.1    Woody, G.W.2
  • 57
    • 0022416797 scopus 로고
    • Abuse of buprenorphine
    • Strang J. Abuse of buprenorphine. Lancet 1985;2:725
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 725
    • Strang, J.1
  • 58
    • 0027203690 scopus 로고
    • The misuse of buprenorphine and a buprenorphine-naloxone combination in Wellington, New Zealand
    • Robinson GM, Dukes PD, Robinson BJ, et al. The misuse of buprenorphine and a buprenorphine-naloxone combination in Wellington, New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Depend 1993;33:81-6
    • (1993) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.33 , pp. 81-86
    • Robinson, G.M.1    Dukes, P.D.2    Robinson, B.J.3
  • 59
    • 0031043803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of buprenorphine in buprenorphine-maintained volunteers
    • Strain EC, Walsh SL, Preston KL, et al. The effects of buprenorphine in buprenorphine-maintained volunteers. Psychopharmacology 1997;129:329-38
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology , vol.129 , pp. 329-338
    • Strain, E.C.1    Walsh, S.L.2    Preston, K.L.3
  • 60
    • 0037987960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of buprenorphine and naloxone combinations: Why the 4:1 ratio for treatment?
    • Mendelson J, Jones RT. Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of buprenorphine and naloxone combinations: why the 4:1 ratio for treatment? Drug Alcohol Depend 2003;70:S29-37
    • (2003) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.70
    • Mendelson, J.1    Jones, R.T.2
  • 61
    • 4644227528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of buprenorphine-naloxone combination tablet (Suboxone) in treatment of opioid dependence
    • Bell J, Byron G, Gibson A, Morris A. A pilot study of buprenorphine-naloxone combination tablet (Suboxone) in treatment of opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2004;23:311-7
    • (2004) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.23 , pp. 311-317
    • Bell, J.1    Byron, G.2    Gibson, A.3    Morris, A.4
  • 62
    • 34547845288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methadone vs. buprenorphine/ naloxone during early opioid substitution treatment: A naturalistic comparison of cognitive performance relative to healthy controls
    • Rapeli P, Fabritius C, Alho H, et al. Methadone vs. buprenorphine/ naloxone during early opioid substitution treatment: a naturalistic comparison of cognitive performance relative to healthy controls. BMC Clin Pharmacol 2007;7:5
    • (2007) BMC Clin Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 5
    • Rapeli, P.1    Fabritius, C.2    Alho, H.3
  • 64
    • 0034565642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buprenorphine and naloxone for heroin dependence
    • Johnson RE, McCagh JC. Buprenorphine and naloxone for heroin dependence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2000;2:519-26
    • (2000) Curr Psychiatry Rep , vol.2 , pp. 519-526
    • Johnson, R.E.1    McCagh, J.C.2
  • 65
    • 23344447151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication development for addictive disorders: The state of the science
    • Vocci FJ, Acri J, Elkashef A. Medication development for addictive disorders: the state of the science. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:1432-40
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 1432-1440
    • Vocci, F.J.1    Acri, J.2    Elkashef, A.3
  • 67
    • 25844462724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buprenorphine/naloxone reduces the reinforcing and subjective effects of heroin in heroin-dependent volunteers
    • Comer SD, Walker EA, Collins ED. Buprenorphine/naloxone reduces the reinforcing and subjective effects of heroin in heroin-dependent volunteers. Psychopharmacology 2005;181:664-75
    • (2005) Psychopharmacology , vol.181 , pp. 664-675
    • Comer, S.D.1    Walker, E.A.2    Collins, E.D.3
  • 68
    • 0036828141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-administration of intravenous buprenorphine and the buprenorphine/naloxone combination by recently detoxified heroin abusers
    • Comer SD, Collins ED. Self-administration of intravenous buprenorphine and the buprenorphine/naloxone combination by recently detoxified heroin abusers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;303:695-703
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.303 , pp. 695-703
    • Comer, S.D.1    Collins, E.D.2
  • 69
    • 33947127824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abuse liability of buprenorphine-naloxone tablets in untreated IV drug users
    • Alho H, Sinclair D, Vuori E, Holopainen A. Abuse liability of buprenorphine-naloxone tablets in untreated IV drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007;88:75-8
    • (2007) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.88 , pp. 75-78
    • Alho, H.1    Sinclair, D.2    Vuori, E.3    Holopainen, A.4
  • 70
    • 0037707295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of opioid side effects in cancer-related and chronic noncancer pain: A systematic review
    • McNicol E, Horowicz-Mehler N, Fisk RA, et al. Management of opioid side effects in cancer-related and chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review. J Pain 2003;4:231-56
    • (2003) J Pain , vol.4 , pp. 231-256
    • McNicol, E.1    Horowicz-Mehler, N.2    Fisk, R.A.3
  • 71
    • 0035103680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid antagonists in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation and pruritus
    • Friedman JD, Io Buono FA. Opioid antagonists in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation and pruritus. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:85-91
    • (2001) Ann Pharmacother , vol.35 , pp. 85-91
    • Friedman, J.D.1    Io Buono, F.A.2
  • 72
    • 0025831241 scopus 로고
    • Oral naloxone in opioid-associated constipation
    • Sykes NP. Oral naloxone in opioid-associated constipation. Lancet 1991;337:1475
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1475
    • Sykes, N.P.1
  • 73
    • 0036153676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose oral naloxone reverses opioid-induced constipation and analgesia
    • Liu M, Wittbrodt E. Low-dose oral naloxone reverses opioid-induced constipation and analgesia. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23:48-53
    • (2002) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.23 , pp. 48-53
    • Liu, M.1    Wittbrodt, E.2
  • 75
    • 0029878393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the ability of oral naloxone to correct opioid-related constipation in patients with advanced cancer
    • Sykes NP. An investigation of the ability of oral naloxone to correct opioid-related constipation in patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 1996;10:135-44
    • (1996) Palliat Med , vol.10 , pp. 135-144
    • Sykes, N.P.1
  • 76
    • 0033991826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral naloxone reverses opioid-associated constipation
    • Meissner W, Schmidt U, Hartmann M, et al. Oral naloxone reverses opioid-associated constipation. Pain 2000;84:105-9
    • (2000) Pain , vol.84 , pp. 105-109
    • Meissner, W.1    Schmidt, U.2    Hartmann, M.3
  • 77
    • 0025781442 scopus 로고
    • Naloxone reverses pattern of obstruction of the distal common bile duct induced by analgesic narcotics in hepatobiliary imaging
    • Patch GG, Morton KA, Arias JM, Datz FL. Naloxone reverses pattern of obstruction of the distal common bile duct induced by analgesic narcotics in hepatobiliary imaging. J Nucl Med 1991;32:1270-2
    • (1991) J Nucl Med , vol.32 , pp. 1270-1272
    • Patch, G.G.1    Morton, K.A.2    Arias, J.M.3    Datz, F.L.4
  • 78
    • 0034904687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief by naloxone of morphine-induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi in a post-cholecystectomy patient
    • Butler KC, Selden B, Pollack CV Jr. Relief by naloxone of morphine-induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi in a post-cholecystectomy patient. J Emerg Med 2001;21:129-31
    • (2001) J Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 129-131
    • Butler, K.C.1    Selden, B.2    Pollack Jr, C.V.3
  • 79
    • 34147165134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-related side effects of long-term intrathecal morphine therapy
    • Ruan X. Drug-related side effects of long-term intrathecal morphine therapy. Pain Physician 2007;10:357-66
    • (2007) Pain Physician , vol.10 , pp. 357-366
    • Ruan, X.1
  • 80
    • 0025202058 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic oral naltrexone with intrathecal morphine for cesarean section: Effects on adverse reactions and analgesia
    • Abboud TK, Lee K, Zhu J, et al. Prophylactic oral naltrexone with intrathecal morphine for cesarean section: effects on adverse reactions and analgesia. Anesth Analg 1990;71:367-70
    • (1990) Anesth Analg , vol.71 , pp. 367-370
    • Abboud, T.K.1    Lee, K.2    Zhu, J.3
  • 81
    • 41149098323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mu opioid receptor antagonists: Recent developments
    • Goodman AJ, Le BB, Dolle RE. Mu opioid receptor antagonists: recent developments. Chem Med Chem 2007;2:1552-70
    • (2007) Chem Med Chem , vol.2 , pp. 1552-1570
    • Goodman, A.J.1    Le, B.B.2    Dolle, R.E.3
  • 82
    • 34249732634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of methylnaltrexone, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, and its role in opioid-induced constipation
    • Shaiova L, Rim F, Friedman D, Jahdi M. A review of methylnaltrexone, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, and its role in opioid-induced constipation. Palliat Support Care 2007;5:161-6
    • (2007) Palliat Support Care , vol.5 , pp. 161-166
    • Shaiova, L.1    Rim, F.2    Friedman, D.3    Jahdi, M.4
  • 83
    • 0020082071 scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of gut, but not central effects of morphine with quaternary narcotic antagonists
    • Russell J, Bass P, Goldberg LI, et al. Antagonism of gut, but not central effects of morphine with quaternary narcotic antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 1982;78:255-61
    • (1982) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.78 , pp. 255-261
    • Russell, J.1    Bass, P.2    Goldberg, L.I.3
  • 84
    • 0021884842 scopus 로고
    • The use of quaternary narcotic antagonists in opiate research
    • Brown DR, Goldberg LI. The use of quaternary narcotic antagonists in opiate research. Neuropharmacology 1985;24:181-91
    • (1985) Neuropharmacology , vol.24 , pp. 181-191
    • Brown, D.R.1    Goldberg, L.I.2
  • 85
    • 0030718584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-induced delay in gastric emptying: A peripheral mechanism in humans
    • Murphy DB, Sutton JA, Prescott LF, Murphy MB. Opioid-induced delay in gastric emptying: a peripheral mechanism in humans. Anesthesiology 1997;87:765-70
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , pp. 765-770
    • Murphy, D.B.1    Sutton, J.A.2    Prescott, L.F.3    Murphy, M.B.4
  • 86
    • 0034685012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylnaltrexone for reversal of constipation due to chronic methadone use: A randomized controlled trial
    • Yuan CS, Foss JF, O'Connor M, et al. Methylnaltrexone for reversal of constipation due to chronic methadone use: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000;283:367-72
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 367-372
    • Yuan, C.S.1    Foss, J.F.2    O'Connor, M.3
  • 87
    • 0032192437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of orally administered methylnaltrexone in decreasing subjective effects after intravenous morphine
    • Yuan CS, Foss JF, O'Connor M, et al. Efficacy of orally administered methylnaltrexone in decreasing subjective effects after intravenous morphine. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998;52:161-5
    • (1998) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.52 , pp. 161-165
    • Yuan, C.S.1    Foss, J.F.2    O'Connor, M.3
  • 88
    • 0036139012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone on morphine-induced peripherally mediated side effects: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Yuan CS, Wei G, Foss JF, et al. Effects of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone on morphine-induced peripherally mediated side effects: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;300:118-23
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.300 , pp. 118-123
    • Yuan, C.S.1    Wei, G.2    Foss, J.F.3
  • 89
    • 0016006005 scopus 로고
    • Morphine combined with doxapram or naloxone. A study of post-operative pain relief
    • Gupta PK, Dundee JW. Morphine combined with doxapram or naloxone. A study of post-operative pain relief. Anaesthesia 1974;29:33-9
    • (1974) Anaesthesia , vol.29 , pp. 33-39
    • Gupta, P.K.1    Dundee, J.W.2
  • 90
    • 0018904562 scopus 로고
    • Antagonists of morphine-induced respiratory depression. A study in postoperative patients
    • Gairola RL, Gupta PK, Pandley K. Antagonists of morphine-induced respiratory depression. A study in postoperative patients. Anaesthesia 1980;35:17-21
    • (1980) Anaesthesia , vol.35 , pp. 17-21
    • Gairola, R.L.1    Gupta, P.K.2    Pandley, K.3
  • 91
    • 0028804902 scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low concentrations of naloxone selectively antagonize excitatory effects of morphine on sensory neurons, thereby increasing its antinociceptive potency and attenuating tolerance/ dependence during chronic cotreatment
    • Crain SM, Shen KF. Ultra-low concentrations of naloxone selectively antagonize excitatory effects of morphine on sensory neurons, thereby increasing its antinociceptive potency and attenuating tolerance/ dependence during chronic cotreatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:10540-4
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 10540-10544
    • Crain, S.M.1    Shen, K.F.2
  • 92
    • 0036156508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on morphine analgesia, tolerance, and reward in rats
    • Powell KJ, Abul-Husn NS, Jhamandas A, et al. Paradoxical effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on morphine analgesia, tolerance, and reward in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;300:588-96
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.300 , pp. 588-596
    • Powell, K.J.1    Abul-Husn, N.S.2    Jhamandas, A.3
  • 93
    • 0346791905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTI-801, a novel formulation of oxycodone, shows absence of tolerance, physical dependence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal effects in mice
    • Shen KF, Crain SM, Moate P, et al. PTI-801, a novel formulation of oxycodone, shows absence of tolerance, physical dependence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal effects in mice. Pain 2002;3:49
    • (2002) Pain , vol.3 , pp. 49
    • Shen, K.F.1    Crain, S.M.2    Moate, P.3
  • 94
    • 0030945699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low doses of naltrexone or etorphine increase morphine's antinociceptive potency and attenuate tolerance/dependence in mice
    • Shen KF, Crain SM. Ultra-low doses of naltrexone or etorphine increase morphine's antinociceptive potency and attenuate tolerance/dependence in mice. Brain Res 1997;757:176-90
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.757 , pp. 176-190
    • Shen, K.F.1    Crain, S.M.2
  • 95
    • 0033957306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonists of excitatory opioid receptor functions enhance morphine's analgesic potency and attenuate opioid tolerance/ dependence liability
    • Crain SM, Shen KF. Antagonists of excitatory opioid receptor functions enhance morphine's analgesic potency and attenuate opioid tolerance/ dependence liability. Pain 2000;84:121-31
    • (2000) Pain , vol.84 , pp. 121-131
    • Crain, S.M.1    Shen, K.F.2
  • 96
    • 34548285495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxytrex: An oxycodone and ultra-low-dose naltrexone formulation
    • Webster LR. Oxytrex: an oxycodone and ultra-low-dose naltrexone formulation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007;16:1277-83
    • (2007) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 1277-1283
    • Webster, L.R.1
  • 97
    • 0031712776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of opioid analgesia, tolerance and dependence by Gs-coupled, GM1 ganglioside-regulated opioid receptor functions
    • Crain SM, Shen KF. Modulation of opioid analgesia, tolerance and dependence by Gs-coupled, GM1 ganglioside-regulated opioid receptor functions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1998;19:358-65
    • (1998) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.19 , pp. 358-365
    • Crain, S.M.1    Shen, K.F.2
  • 98
    • 20444375332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low-dose naloxone attenuates chronic morphine-induced changes in Mu opioid receptor - G protein coupling and Gβγ signaling
    • Wang HY, Friedman E, Burns LH. Ultra-low-dose naloxone attenuates chronic morphine-induced changes in Mu opioid receptor - G protein coupling and Gβγ signaling. Neuroscience 2005;135:247-61
    • (2005) Neuroscience , vol.135 , pp. 247-261
    • Wang, H.Y.1    Friedman, E.2    Burns, L.H.3
  • 99
    • 33750807737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gbetagamma that interacts with adenylyl cyclase in opioid tolerance originates from a Gs protein
    • Wang HY, Burns LH. Gbetagamma that interacts with adenylyl cyclase in opioid tolerance originates from a Gs protein. J Neurobiol 2006;66:1302-10
    • (2006) J Neurobiol , vol.66 , pp. 1302-1310
    • Wang, H.Y.1    Burns, L.H.2
  • 100
    • 45249093253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-affinity naloxone binding to filamin a prevents mu opioid receptor-gs coupling underlying opioid tolerance and dependence
    • Wang HY, Frankfurt M, Burns LH. High-affinity naloxone binding to filamin a prevents mu opioid receptor-gs coupling underlying opioid tolerance and dependence. PLoS One 2008;3:e1554
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Wang, H.Y.1    Frankfurt, M.2    Burns, L.H.3
  • 101
    • 0142210175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between the mu opioid receptor and filamin A is involved in receptor regulation and trafficking
    • Onoprishvili I, Andria ML, Kramer HK, et al. Interaction between the mu opioid receptor and filamin A is involved in receptor regulation and trafficking. Mol Pharmacol 2003;64:1092-100
    • (2003) Mol Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 1092-1100
    • Onoprishvili, I.1    Andria, M.L.2    Kramer, H.K.3
  • 102
    • 2642540160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of opioid ligands in cells expressing cloned mu opioid receptors
    • Gharagozlou P, Demirci H, David CJ, Lameh J. Activity of opioid ligands in cells expressing cloned mu opioid receptors. BMC Pharmacol 2003;3:1
    • (2003) BMC Pharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 1
    • Gharagozlou, P.1    Demirci, H.2    David, C.J.3    Lameh, J.4
  • 103
    • 0028109622 scopus 로고
    • Binding affinity and selectivity of opioids at mu, delta and kappa receptors in monkey brain membranes
    • Emmerson PJ, Liu MR, Woods JH, Medzihradsky F. Binding affinity and selectivity of opioids at mu, delta and kappa receptors in monkey brain membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994;271:1630-7
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.271 , pp. 1630-1637
    • Emmerson, P.J.1    Liu, M.R.2    Woods, J.H.3    Medzihradsky, F.4
  • 104
    • 0032925452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prophylactic nalmefene on the incidence of morphine-related side effects in patients receiving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia
    • Joshi GP, Duffy P, Chehade J, et al. Effects of prophylactic nalmefene on the incidence of morphine-related side effects in patients receiving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Anesthesiology 1999;90:1007-11
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 1007-1011
    • Joshi, G.P.1    Duffy, P.2    Chehade, J.3
  • 105
    • 0038054454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low dose oral naltrexone decreases side effects and potentiates the effect of methadone
    • Cruciani RA, Lussier D, Miller-Saultz D, Arbuck DM. Ultra-low dose oral naltrexone decreases side effects and potentiates the effect of methadone. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;25:491-4
    • (2003) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.25 , pp. 491-494
    • Cruciani, R.A.1    Lussier, D.2    Miller-Saultz, D.3    Arbuck, D.M.4
  • 106
    • 34547837388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral naltrexone to enhance analgesia in patients receiving continuous intrathecal morphine for chronic pain: A randomized, double-blind, prospective pilot study
    • Hamann S, Sloan P. Oral naltrexone to enhance analgesia in patients receiving continuous intrathecal morphine for chronic pain: a randomized, double-blind, prospective pilot study. J Opioid Manag 2007;3:137-44
    • (2007) J Opioid Manag , vol.3 , pp. 137-144
    • Hamann, S.1    Sloan, P.2
  • 107
    • 20444426267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding ultralow-dose naltrexone to oxycodone enhances and prolongs analgesia: A randomized, controlled trial of Oxytrex
    • Chindalore VL, Craven RA, Yu KP, et al. Adding ultralow-dose naltrexone to oxycodone enhances and prolongs analgesia: a randomized, controlled trial of Oxytrex. J Pain 2005;6:392-9
    • (2005) J Pain , vol.6 , pp. 392-399
    • Chindalore, V.L.1    Craven, R.A.2    Yu, K.P.3
  • 108
    • 33845186402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxytrex minimizes physical dependence while providing effective analgesia: A randomized controlled trial in low back pain
    • Webster LR, Butera PG, Moran LV, et al. Oxytrex minimizes physical dependence while providing effective analgesia: a randomized controlled trial in low back pain. J Pain 2006;7:937-46
    • (2006) J Pain , vol.7 , pp. 937-946
    • Webster, L.R.1    Butera, P.G.2    Moran, L.V.3
  • 109
    • 0021183010 scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone precipitated opiate withdrawal in methadone addicted human subjects: Evidence for noradrenergic hyperactivity
    • Charney DS, Redmond DE Jr, Galloway MP, et al. Naltrexone precipitated opiate withdrawal in methadone addicted human subjects: evidence for noradrenergic hyperactivity. Life Sci 1984;35:1263-72
    • (1984) Life Sci , vol.35 , pp. 1263-1272
    • Charney, D.S.1    Redmond Jr, D.E.2    Galloway, M.P.3
  • 111
    • 0024591319 scopus 로고
    • Antagonist effects of nalbuphine in opioid-dependent human volunteers
    • Preston KL, Bigelow GE, Liebson IA. Antagonist effects of nalbuphine in opioid-dependent human volunteers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989;248:929-37
    • (1989) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.248 , pp. 929-937
    • Preston, K.L.1    Bigelow, G.E.2    Liebson, I.A.3
  • 112
    • 0023713482 scopus 로고
    • The opiate dependence syndrome: Replication study using the SODQ in a New York clinic
    • Sutherland G, Edwards G, Taylor C, et al. The opiate dependence syndrome: replication study using the SODQ in a New York clinic. Br J Addict 1988;83:755-60
    • (1988) Br J Addict , vol.83 , pp. 755-760
    • Sutherland, G.1    Edwards, G.2    Taylor, C.3
  • 113
    • 35148898223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of relapse in naltrexone maintenance for heroin dependence
    • Sullivan MA, Garawi F, Bisaga A, et al. Management of relapse in naltrexone maintenance for heroin dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007;91:289-92
    • (2007) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.91 , pp. 289-292
    • Sullivan, M.A.1    Garawi, F.2    Bisaga, A.3
  • 114
    • 33750216033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depot naltrexone: Antagonism of the reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of heroin
    • Sullivan MA, Vosburg SK, Comer SD. Depot naltrexone: antagonism of the reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of heroin. Psychopharmacology 2006;189:37-46
    • (2006) Psychopharmacology , vol.189 , pp. 37-46
    • Sullivan, M.A.1    Vosburg, S.K.2    Comer, S.D.3
  • 115
    • 0036791756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review on the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance treatment in opioid dependence
    • Kirchmayer U, Davoli M, Verster AD, et al. A systematic review on the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance treatment in opioid dependence. Addiction 2002;97:1241-9
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 1241-1249
    • Kirchmayer, U.1    Davoli, M.2    Verster, A.D.3
  • 116
    • 0024364586 scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone treatment - the problem of patient acceptance
    • Fram DH, Marmo J, Holden R. Naltrexone treatment - the problem of patient acceptance. J Subst Abuse Treat 1989;6:119-22
    • (1989) J Subst Abuse Treat , vol.6 , pp. 119-122
    • Fram, D.H.1    Marmo, J.2    Holden, R.3
  • 117
    • 33744489840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingency management for treatment of substance abuse
    • Stitzer M, Petry N. Contingency management for treatment of substance abuse. Ann Rev Clin Psychol 2006;2:411-34
    • (2006) Ann Rev Clin Psychol , vol.2 , pp. 411-434
    • Stitzer, M.1    Petry, N.2
  • 118
    • 0036162151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingency management to enhance naltrexone treatment of opioid dependence: A randomized clinical trial of reinforcement magnitude
    • Carroll KM, Sinha R, Nich C, et al. Contingency management to enhance naltrexone treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized clinical trial of reinforcement magnitude. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;10:54-63
    • (2002) Exp Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 54-63
    • Carroll, K.M.1    Sinha, R.2    Nich, C.3
  • 119
    • 33644854708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of maintenance treatment with naltrexone for opioid dependence: A meta-analytical review
    • Johansson BA, Berglund M, Lindgren A. Efficacy of maintenance treatment with naltrexone for opioid dependence: a meta-analytical review. Addiction 2006;101:491-503
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , pp. 491-503
    • Johansson, B.A.1    Berglund, M.2    Lindgren, A.3
  • 120
    • 4644290263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone maintenance for heroin dependence: Uptake, attrition and retention
    • Tucker T, Ritter A, Maher C, Jackson H. Naltrexone maintenance for heroin dependence: uptake, attrition and retention. Drug Alcohol Rev 2004;23:299-309
    • (2004) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.23 , pp. 299-309
    • Tucker, T.1    Ritter, A.2    Maher, C.3    Jackson, H.4
  • 121
    • 34248512522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does naltrexone affect craving in abstinent opioid-dependent patients?
    • Dijkstra BA, De Jong CA, Bluschke SM, et al. Does naltrexone affect craving in abstinent opioid-dependent patients? Addict Biol 2007;12:176-82
    • (2007) Addict Biol , vol.12 , pp. 176-182
    • Dijkstra, B.A.1    De Jong, C.A.2    Bluschke, S.M.3
  • 122
    • 34250353080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming opioid blockade from depot naltrexone (Prodetoxon)
    • Kruptisky EM, Burakov AM, Tsoy MV, et al. Overcoming opioid blockade from depot naltrexone (Prodetoxon). Addiction 2007;102:1164-5
    • (2007) Addiction , vol.102 , pp. 1164-1165
    • Kruptisky, E.M.1    Burakov, A.M.2    Tsoy, M.V.3
  • 123
    • 0036308755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone in the treatment of heroin dependence: Relationship with depression and risk of overdose
    • Ritter AJ. Naltrexone in the treatment of heroin dependence: relationship with depression and risk of overdose. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002;36:224-8
    • (2002) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 224-228
    • Ritter, A.J.1
  • 124
    • 22144485539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone implants as treatment for heroin dependence: Part I
    • Byrne A, Graham C, Hallinan R, Murnion B. Naltrexone implants as treatment for heroin dependence: part I. Addict Biol 2005;10:201-2
    • (2005) Addict Biol , vol.10 , pp. 201-202
    • Byrne, A.1    Graham, C.2    Hallinan, R.3    Murnion, B.4
  • 125
    • 27244441012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone implants as treatment for heroin dependence: Part II
    • Wodak A, Graham R. Naltrexone implants as treatment for heroin dependence: part II. Addict Biol 2005;10:202-4
    • (2005) Addict Biol , vol.10 , pp. 202-204
    • Wodak, A.1    Graham, R.2
  • 127
    • 0029071107 scopus 로고
    • The control of pain in peripheral tissue by opioids
    • Stein C. The control of pain in peripheral tissue by opioids. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1685-90
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 1685-1690
    • Stein, C.1
  • 128
    • 0029047619 scopus 로고
    • Inflammation enhances peripheral mu-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia, but not mu-opioid receptor transcription in dorsal root ganglia
    • Schafer M, Imai Y, Uhl GR, Stein C. Inflammation enhances peripheral mu-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia, but not mu-opioid receptor transcription in dorsal root ganglia. Eur J Pharmacol 1995;279:165-9
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.279 , pp. 165-169
    • Schafer, M.1    Imai, Y.2    Uhl, G.R.3    Stein, C.4
  • 129
    • 0025362849 scopus 로고
    • Opioids from immunocytes interact with receptors on sensory nerves to inhibit nociception in inflammation
    • Stein C, Hassan AH, Przewlocki R, et al. Opioids from immunocytes interact with receptors on sensory nerves to inhibit nociception in inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:5935-9
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 5935-5939
    • Stein, C.1    Hassan, A.H.2    Przewlocki, R.3
  • 130
    • 0027165525 scopus 로고
    • Local analgesic effect of endogenous opioid peptides
    • Stein C, Hassan AH, Lehrberger K, et al. Local analgesic effect of endogenous opioid peptides. Lancet 1993;342:321-4
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 321-324
    • Stein, C.1    Hassan, A.H.2    Lehrberger, K.3
  • 131
    • 0026520443 scopus 로고
    • Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: Functional role in antinociception
    • Przewlocki R, Hassan AH, Lason W, et al. Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: functional role in antinociception. Neuroscience 1992;48:491-500
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.48 , pp. 491-500
    • Przewlocki, R.1    Hassan, A.H.2    Lason, W.3
  • 132
    • 0026077092 scopus 로고
    • The role of endogenous opioids and their receptors in the immune system
    • Carr DJ. The role of endogenous opioids and their receptors in the immune system. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1991;198:710-20
    • (1991) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.198 , pp. 710-720
    • Carr, D.J.1
  • 133
    • 0027429638 scopus 로고
    • What do we know about the expression of proopiomelanocortin transcripts and related peptides in lymphoid tissue?
    • Sharp B, Linner K. What do we know about the expression of proopiomelanocortin transcripts and related peptides in lymphoid tissue? Endocrinology 1993;133:1921A-1921B
    • (1993) Endocrinology , vol.133
    • Sharp, B.1    Linner, K.2
  • 134
    • 0026695561 scopus 로고
    • GR94839, a kappa-opioid agonist with limited access to the central nervous system, has antinociceptive activity
    • Rogers H, Birch PJ, Harrison SM, et al. GR94839, a kappa-opioid agonist with limited access to the central nervous system, has antinociceptive activity. Br J Pharmacol 1992;106:783-9
    • (1992) Br J Pharmacol , vol.106 , pp. 783-789
    • Rogers, H.1    Birch, P.J.2    Harrison, S.M.3
  • 135
    • 0029077098 scopus 로고
    • Central and peripheral analgesic agents: Chemical strategies for limiting brain penetration in kappa-opioid agonists belonging to different chemical classes
    • Giardina G, Clarke GD, Grugni M, et al. Central and peripheral analgesic agents: chemical strategies for limiting brain penetration in kappa-opioid agonists belonging to different chemical classes. Farmaco 1995;50:405-18
    • (1995) Farmaco , vol.50 , pp. 405-418
    • Giardina, G.1    Clarke, G.D.2    Grugni, M.3
  • 136
    • 0036217546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combination of low dose of naloxone and morphine in PCA does not decrease opioid requirements in the postoperative period
    • Cepeda MS, Africano JM, Manrique AM, et al. The combination of low dose of naloxone and morphine in PCA does not decrease opioid requirements in the postoperative period. Pain 2002;96:73-9
    • (2002) Pain , vol.96 , pp. 73-79
    • Cepeda, M.S.1    Africano, J.M.2    Manrique, A.M.3
  • 137
    • 0037219290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combination of low dose of naloxone and morphine in patient-controlled (PCA) does not decrease opioid requirements in the postoperative period
    • Mehlisch DR. The combination of low dose of naloxone and morphine in patient-controlled (PCA) does not decrease opioid requirements in the postoperative period. Pain 2003;101:209-11
    • (2003) Pain , vol.101 , pp. 209-211
    • Mehlisch, D.R.1
  • 138
    • 0347355442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of ultralow dose naloxone to postoperative morphine PCA: Unchanged analgesia and opioid requirement but decreased incidence of opioid side effects
    • Cepeda MS, Alvarez H, Morales O, Carr DB. Addition of ultralow dose naloxone to postoperative morphine PCA: unchanged analgesia and opioid requirement but decreased incidence of opioid side effects. Pain 2004;107:41-6
    • (2004) Pain , vol.107 , pp. 41-46
    • Cepeda, M.S.1    Alvarez, H.2    Morales, O.3    Carr, D.B.4
  • 139
    • 32044433549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous bolus of ultra-low-dose naloxone added to morphine does not enhance analgesia in emergency department patients
    • Bijur PE, Schechter C, Esses D, et al. Intravenous bolus of ultra-low-dose naloxone added to morphine does not enhance analgesia in emergency department patients. J Pain 2006;7:75-81
    • (2006) J Pain , vol.7 , pp. 75-81
    • Bijur, P.E.1    Schechter, C.2    Esses, D.3
  • 140
    • 0038787537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of combining naloxone and morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia
    • Sartain JB, Barry JJ, Richardson CA, Branagan HC. Effect of combining naloxone and morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Anesthesiology 2003;99:148-51
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , pp. 148-151
    • Sartain, J.B.1    Barry, J.J.2    Richardson, C.A.3    Branagan, H.C.4
  • 141
    • 33745700151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling pathway of morphine induced acute thermal hyperalgesia in mice
    • Galeotti N, Stefano GB, Guarna M, et al. Signaling pathway of morphine induced acute thermal hyperalgesia in mice. Pain 2006;123:294-305
    • (2006) Pain , vol.123 , pp. 294-305
    • Galeotti, N.1    Stefano, G.B.2    Guarna, M.3
  • 142
    • 0035900180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholera toxin-B subunit blocks excitatory apioid receptor-mediated hyperalgesic effects in mice, thereby unmasking potent opioid analgesia and attenuating opioid tolerance/dependence
    • Shen KF, Crain SM. Cholera toxin-B subunit blocks excitatory apioid receptor-mediated hyperalgesic effects in mice, thereby unmasking potent opioid analgesia and attenuating opioid tolerance/dependence. Brain Res 2001;919:20-30
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.919 , pp. 20-30
    • Shen, K.F.1    Crain, S.M.2
  • 143
    • 0035808569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute thermal hyperalgesia elicited by low-dose morphine in normal mice is blocked by ultra-low-dose naltrexone, unmasking potent opioid analgesia
    • Crain SM, Shen KF, Acute thermal hyperalgesia elicited by low-dose morphine in normal mice is blocked by ultra-low-dose naltrexone, unmasking potent opioid analgesia. Brain Res 2001;888:75-82
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.888 , pp. 75-82
    • Crain, S.M.1    Shen, K.F.2
  • 144
    • 20444391553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low-dose naltrexone suppresses rewarding effects of opiates and aversive effects of opiate withdrawal in rats
    • Olmstead MC, Burns LH. Ultra-low-dose naltrexone suppresses rewarding effects of opiates and aversive effects of opiate withdrawal in rats. Psychopharmacology 2005;181:576-81
    • (2005) Psychopharmacology , vol.181 , pp. 576-581
    • Olmstead, M.C.1    Burns, L.H.2
  • 145
    • 28444467808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low-dose naltrexone reduces the rewarding potency of oxycodone and relapse vulnerability in rats
    • Leri F, Burns LH. Ultra-low-dose naltrexone reduces the rewarding potency of oxycodone and relapse vulnerability in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005;82:252-62
    • (2005) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.82 , pp. 252-262
    • Leri, F.1    Burns, L.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.