메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 55, 2008, Pages 499-544

Competition in off-patent drug markets: Issues, regulation and evidence

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPETITION (ECONOMICS); ECONOMIC POLICY; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH INSURANCE; MARKET DEVELOPMENT; PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY; PRICE DYNAMICS; REGULATORY FRAMEWORK;

EID: 45449095988     PISSN: 02664658     EISSN: 14680327     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0327.2008.00207.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (86)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0028387858 scopus 로고
    • 'Substitution laws, insurance coverage, and generic drug use'
    • Anis, A. (1994). 'Substitution laws, insurance coverage, and generic drug use', Medical Care, 32 (3), 240-56.
    • (1994) Medical Care , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 240-256
    • Anis, A.1
  • 2
    • 0035197496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The impact of generic drug on brand name market shares: Evidence from micro data'
    • Aronson, T., M. Bergman and N. Rudholm (2001). 'The impact of generic drug on brand name market shares: Evidence from micro data', Review of Industrial Organization, 19, 425-35.
    • (2001) Review of Industrial Organization , vol.19 , pp. 425-435
    • Aronson, T.1    Bergman, M.2    Rudholm, N.3
  • 3
    • 0012950046 scopus 로고
    • 'A note on pricing monopoly and oligopoly'
    • Bain, J. (1949). 'A note on pricing monopoly and oligopoly', American Economic Review, 39, 448-64.
    • (1949) American Economic Review , vol.39 , pp. 448-464
    • Bain, J.1
  • 6
    • 0030886418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A physician survey on generic drugs and substitution of critical dose medications'
    • Banahan, B. and E. Kolassa (1997). 'A physician survey on generic drugs and substitution of critical dose medications', Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 2080-88.
    • (1997) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.157 , pp. 2080-2088
    • Banahan, B.1    Kolassa, E.2
  • 7
    • 0029810531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A prescribing incentive scheme for non-fundholding general practices: An observational study'
    • Bateman, D., M. Campbell, L. Donaldson, S. Roberts and J. Smith (1996). 'A prescribing incentive scheme for non-fundholding general practices: an observational study', British Medical Journal, 313, 535-38.
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.313 , pp. 535-538
    • Bateman, D.1    Campbell, M.2    Donaldson, L.3    Roberts, S.4    Smith, J.5
  • 8
    • 45449114940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The relative importance of actual and potential competition: Empirical evidence from the pharmaceutical market'
    • Bergman, M.A. and N. Rudholm (2003). 'The relative importance of actual and potential competition: Empirical evidence from the pharmaceutical market', The Journal of Industrial Economics, 60, 544-67.
    • (2003) The Journal of Industrial Economics , vol.60 , pp. 544-567
    • Bergman, M.A.1    Rudholm, N.2
  • 9
    • 0040077826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Pharmaceuticals in US health care: Determinants of quantity and prices'
    • Berndt, E.R. (2002). 'Pharmaceuticals in US health care: Determinants of quantity and prices', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16 (4), 45-66.
    • (2002) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 45-66
    • Berndt, E.R.1
  • 11
    • 0002304177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Interesting times in German health policy'
    • Busse, R. (2001). 'Interesting times in German health policy', Eurohealth, 7 (2), 7-8.
    • (2001) Eurohealth , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 7-8
    • Busse, R.1
  • 12
    • 85084275480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Cost-containment in Germany 1977-97'
    • in E. Mossialos and J. LeGrand (eds.) Aldershot: Ashgate
    • Busse, R. and C. Howorth (1999). 'Cost-containment in Germany 1977-97', in E. Mossialos and J. LeGrand (eds.), Health Care and Cost Containment in the European Union, 303-39, Aldershot: Ashgate.
    • (1999) Health Care and Cost Containment in the European Union , pp. 303-339
    • Busse, R.1    Howorth, C.2
  • 13
    • 13444311084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Pharmacists' individual and organizational views on generic medications'
    • Cage, A. (2001). 'Pharmacists' individual and organizational views on generic medications', Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 41 (5), 723-28.
    • (2001) Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 723-728
    • Cage, A.1
  • 14
    • 0002257846 scopus 로고
    • 'Patent expiration, entry, and competition in the US pharmaceutical industry: An exploratory analysis'
    • Washington: Brookings Institute
    • Caves, R.E., M.E. Whinston and M.A. Hurwitz (1991). 'Patent expiration, entry, and competition in the US pharmaceutical industry: An exploratory analysis', Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, 1-66, Washington: Brookings Institute.
    • (1991) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics , pp. 1-66
    • Caves, R.E.1    Whinston, M.E.2    Hurwitz, M.A.3
  • 15
    • 45449083580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDER (Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research) Washington, DC: Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration
    • CDER (Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research) (1998). 1998 Report to the Nation, Washington, DC: Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration.
    • (1998) 1998 Report to the Nation
  • 16
    • 0034016802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Effects of financial incentives on medical practice: Results from a systematic review of the literature and methodological issues'
    • April
    • Chaix-Couturier, C., I. Durand-Zaleski, D. Jolly and P. Durieux (2000). 'Effects of financial incentives on medical practice: Results from a systematic review of the literature and methodological issues', International Journal for Quality in Health Care, April, 12 (2), 133-42.
    • (2000) International Journal for Quality in Health Care , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-142
    • Chaix-Couturier, C.1    Durand-Zaleski, I.2    Jolly, D.3    Durieux, P.4
  • 19
    • 45449105137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Changes to Ontario Formulary will mean big savings for health care system'
    • CDMA Winter
    • CDMA (1999). 'Changes to Ontario Formulary will mean big savings for health care system', Viewpoint-News from Canada's National Pharmaceutical Industry, Winter, 3-4.
    • (1999) Viewpoint-News from Canada's National Pharmaceutical Industry , pp. 3-4
  • 20
    • 0002809836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The relative impact of actual and potential rivalry on firm profitability in the pharmaceutical industry'
    • Cool, K., L.H. Röller and B. Leleux (1999). 'The relative impact of actual and potential rivalry on firm profitability in the pharmaceutical industry', Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1-14.
    • (1999) Strategic Management Journal , vol.20 , pp. 1-14
    • Cool, K.1    Röller, L.H.2    Leleux, B.3
  • 21
    • 0031914249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The economics of parallel trade'
    • Danzon, P.M. (1998), 'The economics of parallel trade', Pharmacoeconomics, 13 (3), 293-303.
    • (1998) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 293-303
    • Danzon, P.M.1
  • 22
    • 0034354072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Does regulation drive out competition in pharmaceutical markets?'
    • Danzon, P.M. and L.W. Chao (2000). 'Does regulation drive out competition in pharmaceutical markets?', Journal of Law and Economics, 43 (2), 311-57.
    • (2000) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-357
    • Danzon, P.M.1    Chao, L.W.2
  • 23
    • 0034115999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Importing budget systems from other countries: What can we learn from the German drug budget and the British GP fundholding?'
    • Delnoij, D. and G. Brenner (2000). 'Importing budget systems from other countries: What can we learn from the German drug budget and the British GP fundholding?', Health Policy, 52 (3), 157-69.
    • (2000) Health Policy , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 157-169
    • Delnoij, D.1    Brenner, G.2
  • 24
    • 4243633005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Generic drug prices and proposals to set maximum prices for generic medicines'
    • DH (UK Department of Health) Department of Health
    • DH (UK Department of Health) (2000). 'Generic drug prices and proposals to set maximum prices for generic medicines', Department of Health.
    • (2000)
  • 26
    • 45449088275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DH (UK Department of UK Department of Health, Gateway reference 6446, April, London (accessed 4 April 2008
    • DH (UK Department of Health) (2006). Practice Based Commissioning and Budget Setting, UK Department of Health, Gateway reference 6446, April, London (accessed 4 April 2008: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/ Managingyourorganisation/Commissioning/Practice-basedcommissioning/ DH_4130824).
    • (2006) Practice Based Commissioning and Budget Setting
  • 27
    • 0003664349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DHHS (US Department of Health & Human Services) Report to the President, DHSS, Washington, DC, April
    • DHHS (US Department of Health & Human Services) (2000). Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization and Prices, Report to the President, DHSS, Washington, DC, April.
    • (2000) Prescription Drug Coverage, Spending, Utilization and Prices
  • 29
    • 45449089229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGA EGA Position Paper, European Generic Medicines Association, January
    • EGA (2004). Data Exclusivity vs Bolar Provision: A False 'Trade-off', EGA Position Paper, European Generic Medicines Association, January.
    • (2004) Data Exclusivity Vs Bolar Provision: A False 'Trade-off'
  • 30
    • 0031221392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Characteristics of demand for pharmaceutical products: An examination of four cephalosporins'
    • Ellison, S.F., I. Cockburn, Z. Griliches and J. Hausman (1997). 'Characteristics of demand for pharmaceutical products: An examination of four cephalosporins', RAND Journal of Economics, 28 (3), 426-46.
    • (1997) RAND Journal of Economics , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-446
    • Ellison, S.F.1    Cockburn, I.2    Griliches, Z.3    Hausman, J.4
  • 32
    • 0002179168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Distribution margins: A European overview'
    • Garattini, L. and F. Salvioni (1996). 'Distribution margins: A European overview', Pharma Pricing Review, 1 (8), 154-57.
    • (1996) Pharma Pricing Review , vol.1 , Issue.8 , pp. 154-157
    • Garattini, L.1    Salvioni, F.2
  • 33
    • 0034092020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A comparative analysis of generic markets in five European countries'
    • Garattini, L. and F. Tediosi (2000). 'A comparative analysis of generic markets in five European countries', Health Policy, 51, 149-62.
    • (2000) Health Policy , vol.51 , pp. 149-162
    • Garattini, L.1    Tediosi, F.2
  • 34
    • 21344497267 scopus 로고
    • 'Measuring information in the market: An application to physicians services'
    • Gaynor, M. and S.W. Polachek (1994). 'Measuring information in the market: An application to physicians services', Southern Economic Journal, 60, 815-31.
    • (1994) Southern Economic Journal , vol.60 , pp. 815-831
    • Gaynor, M.1    Polachek, S.W.2
  • 35
    • 0031838934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The German experience in reference pricing'
    • Giuliani, G., G. Selke and L. Garattini (1998). 'The German experience in reference pricing', Health Policy, 44, 73-85.
    • (1998) Health Policy , vol.44 , pp. 73-85
    • Giuliani, G.1    Selke, G.2    Garattini, L.3
  • 36
    • 0342577611 scopus 로고
    • 'Longer patents for lower imitation barriers: The 1984 Drug Act'
    • Grabowski, H. and J. Vernon (1986). 'Longer patents for lower imitation barriers: The 1984 Drug Act', American Economic Review, 76 (2), 195-98.
    • (1986) American Economic Review , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-198
    • Grabowski, H.1    Vernon, J.2
  • 37
    • 84934453292 scopus 로고
    • 'Brand loyalty and price competition in pharmaceuticals after the 1984 Drug Act'
    • Grabowski, H. and J. Vernon (1992). 'Brand loyalty and price competition in pharmaceuticals after the 1984 Drug Act', Journal of Law and Economics, 35 (2), 331-50.
    • (1992) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 331-350
    • Grabowski, H.1    Vernon, J.2
  • 39
    • 0030446004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Fundholders' prescribing costs: The first five years'
    • Harris, C.M. and G. Scrivener (1996). 'Fundholders' prescribing costs: the first five years', British Medical Journal, 313, 1531-34.
    • (1996) British Medical Journal , vol.313 , pp. 1531-1534
    • Harris, C.M.1    Scrivener, G.2
  • 40
    • 0030902465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Changes in drug prescribing under the Public Health Reform Law - A survey of general practitioners' attitudes in East and West Germany'
    • Himmel, W., M. Kron, S. Thies-Zajonc and M. Kochen (1997). 'Changes in drug prescribing under the Public Health Reform Law -a survey of general practitioners' attitudes in East and West Germany', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35 (4), 164-68.
    • (1997) International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 164-168
    • Himmel, W.1    Kron, M.2    Thies-Zajonc, S.3    Kochen, M.4
  • 41
    • 0036906328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The importance of being the first: Evidence from Canadian generic pharmaceuticals'
    • Hollis, A. (2002). 'The importance of being the first: Evidence from Canadian generic pharmaceuticals', Health Economics, 11 (8), 723-34.
    • (2002) Health Economics , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 723-734
    • Hollis, A.1
  • 42
    • 0029882112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A critical review of the remuneration system for pharmacists'
    • Huttin, C. (1996). 'A critical review of the remuneration system for pharmacists', Health Policy, 36, 53 D -68.
    • (1996) Health Policy , vol.36 , pp. 53-68
    • Huttin, C.1
  • 43
    • 0034971513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Patents, brand generic competition and the pricing of ethical drugs in Canada: Some empirical evidence form British Columbia 1981-1994'
    • Jones, J.C.H., T. Potashnik and A. Zhang (2001). 'Patents, brand generic competition and the pricing of ethical drugs in Canada: Some empirical evidence form British Columbia 1981-1994', Applied Economics, 33, 947-56.
    • (2001) Applied Economics , vol.33 , pp. 947-956
    • Jones, J.C.H.1    Potashnik, T.2    Zhang, A.3
  • 44
    • 0028686330 scopus 로고
    • 'Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in Sweden'
    • Jönsson, B. (1994). 'Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in Sweden', Pharmacoeconomics, 6, Suppl 1, 51-60.
    • (1994) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 51-60
    • Jönsson, B.1
  • 47
    • 33846666462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Do generics offer significant savings to the UK National Health Service'
    • Kanavos, P. (2007). 'Do generics offer significant savings to the UK National Health Service', Current Medical Research and Opinion, 23 (1), 105-16.
    • (2007) Current Medical Research and Opinion , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-116
    • Kanavos, P.1
  • 48
    • 34548309393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Product differentiation, competition and regulation of new drugs: The case of statins in four European countries'
    • Kanavos, P., J. Costa Font and A.J. McGuire (2007). 'Product differentiation, competition and regulation of new drugs: The case of statins in four European countries', Managerial and Decision Economics, 28, 455-65.
    • (2007) Managerial and Decision Economics , vol.28 , pp. 455-465
    • Kanavos, P.1    Costa Font, J.2    McGuire, A.J.3
  • 50
    • 0032917876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'International comparisons of health care expenditures: What we know and what we do not know'
    • April
    • Kanavos, P. and E. Mossialos (1999). 'International comparisons of health care expenditures: What we know and what we do not know', Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, April, 4 (2), 122-26.
    • (1999) Journal of Health Services Research and Policy , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-126
    • Kanavos, P.1    Mossialos, E.2
  • 51
    • 0037711369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Reference pricing for drugs: Is it compatible with US health care?'
    • May-June
    • Kanavos, P. and U. Reinhardt (2003). 'Reference pricing for drugs: Is it compatible with US health care?', Health Affairs (Milwood), May-June, 22 (3), 16-30.
    • (2003) Health Affairs (Milwood) , vol.22 , pp. 16-30
    • Kanavos, P.1    Reinhardt, U.2
  • 52
    • 84889321553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The impact of patent expiry on product competition and generic market entry: Evidence on ACE inhibitors from 4 European countries'
    • under review
    • Kanavos, P. and D. Srivastava (2007). 'The impact of patent expiry on product competition and generic market entry: Evidence on ACE inhibitors from 4 European countries', EUROPEAN Journal of Health Economics, under review.
    • (2007) EUROPEAN Journal of Health Economics
    • Kanavos, P.1    Srivastava, D.2
  • 53
    • 0036689918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Encouraging the use of generic medicines: Implications for transition economies'
    • King, D.R. and P. Kanavos (2002). 'Encouraging the use of generic medicines: Implications for transition economies', Croatian Medical Journal, 43 (4), 462-69.
    • (2002) Croatian Medical Journal , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 462-469
    • King, D.R.1    Kanavos, P.2
  • 54
    • 33845331688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Patients' attitudes towards and experiences of generic drug substitution in Norway'
    • October
    • Kjoenniksen, I., M. Lindbaek and A. Granas (2006). 'Patients' attitudes towards and experiences of generic drug substitution in Norway', Pharmacy World and Science, 28 (5), October, 284-89(6).
    • (2006) Pharmacy World and Science , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 284-896
    • Kjoenniksen, I.1    Lindbaek, M.2    Granas, A.3
  • 55
    • 1642371481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The effect of generic competition on the price of brand name drugs'
    • Lexchin, J. (2004). 'The effect of generic competition on the price of brand name drugs', Health Policy, 68 (1), 47-54.
    • (2004) Health Policy , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-54
    • Lexchin, J.1
  • 56
    • 0034680689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Review of the literature on reference pricing'
    • Lopez-Casasnovas, G. and J. Puig-Junoy (2000). 'Review of the literature on reference pricing', Health Policy, 54, 87-123.
    • (2000) Health Policy , vol.54 , pp. 87-123
    • Lopez-Casasnovas, G.1    Puig-Junoy, J.2
  • 57
    • 2742582756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'An evaluation of the PPRS: Is there a need for reform'
    • in D. Green (ed.) London: IEA
    • Mossialos, E. (1997). 'An evaluation of the PPRS: Is there a need for reform', in D. Green (ed.), Should Pharmaceutical Prices Be Regulated, London: IEA.
    • (1997) Should Pharmaceutical Prices Be Regulated
    • Mossialos, E.1
  • 60
    • 0034715984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Increasing demand while decreasing costs of generic medicines'
    • Mrazek, M. and E.A. Mossialos (2000). 'Increasing demand while decreasing costs of generic medicines', The Lancet, 356 (9244), 1784-85.
    • (2000) The Lancet , vol.356 , Issue.9244 , pp. 1784-1785
    • Mrazek, M.1    Mossialos, E.A.2
  • 61
    • 45449106763 scopus 로고
    • 'GSG und die Auswirkungen in der Arztpraxis: Schwarzeck-Gerlag'
    • GmbH
    • Muller, H. (1994). 'GSG und die Auswirkungen in der Arztpraxis: Schwarzeck-Gerlag', GmbH.
    • (1994)
    • Muller, H.1
  • 65
    • 0031874329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'How competition lowers the costs of medicines'
    • Reekie, W.D. (1998). 'How competition lowers the costs of medicines', Pharmacoeconomics, 14 (Suppl.1), 107-13.
    • (1998) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 107-113
    • Reekie, W.D.1
  • 68
    • 0034748817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement in Spain'
    • Rovira, J. and J. Darbà(2001). 'Pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement in Spain', HEPAC, 2, 39-43.
    • (2001) HEPAC , vol.2 , pp. 39-43
    • Rovira, J.1    Darbà, J.2
  • 69
    • 33747290660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Consumer perceptions regarding generic drug substitution: An exploratory study'
    • Sansgiry, S., M. Bhosle and N. Pope (2006). 'Consumer perceptions regarding generic drug substitution: An exploratory study'. Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 17 (1), 77-93.
    • (2006) Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-93
    • Sansgiry, S.1    Bhosle, M.2    Pope, N.3
  • 70
    • 0029825923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Consequences of implementing a drug budget for office-based physicians in Germany'
    • Schoffski, O. (1996). 'Consequences of implementing a drug budget for office-based physicians in Germany', Pharmacoeconomics, 10 (2), 37-47.
    • (1996) Pharmacoeconomics , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 37-47
    • Schoffski, O.1
  • 71
    • 0033195434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Entry decision in the generic pharmaceutical industry'
    • Scott-Morton, F.M. (1999). 'Entry decision in the generic pharmaceutical industry', Rand Journal of Economics, 30, 421-40.
    • (1999) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.30 , pp. 421-440
    • Scott-Morton, F.M.1
  • 73
    • 0030758635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Hospital pharmacy decisions, cost containment and the use of cost-effectiveness analysis'
    • Sloan, F., K. Whetten-Goldstein and A. Wilson (1997). 'Hospital pharmacy decisions, cost containment and the use of cost-effectiveness analysis', Social Science and Medicine, 45 (4), 523-33.
    • (1997) Social Science and Medicine , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 523-533
    • Sloan, F.1    Whetten-Goldstein, K.2    Wilson, A.3
  • 74
    • 0004274851 scopus 로고
    • (trans. Alan T. Peacock), New York: Oxford University Press
    • Stackelberg, H. (1952). The Theory of the Market Economy (trans. Alan T. Peacock), 194-204, New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1952) The Theory of the Market Economy , pp. 194-204
    • Stackelberg, H.1
  • 75
    • 84889337177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Managed care and generic pharmaceuticals'
    • in Barcelona, Spain, June
    • Strollo, M. (1999). 'Managed care and generic pharmaceuticals', in IGPA Conference, Barcelona, Spain, June.
    • (1999) IGPA Conference
    • Strollo, M.1
  • 80
    • 0030887271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'GP fundholding and the costs of prescribing: Further results'
    • Whynes, D., D. Baines and K. Tolley (1997). 'GP fundholding and the costs of prescribing: Further results', Journal of Public Health Medicine, 19 (1), 18-22.
    • (1997) Journal of Public Health Medicine , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-22
    • Whynes, D.1    Baines, D.2    Tolley, K.3
  • 81
    • 2442529778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Price competition in pharmaceuticals: The case of anti-infectives'
    • Wiggins, S.N. and R.S. Maness (2004). 'Price competition in pharmaceuticals: The case of anti-infectives', Economic Inquiry, 42, 247-62.
    • (2004) Economic Inquiry , vol.42 , pp. 247-262
    • Wiggins, S.N.1    Maness, R.S.2
  • 82
    • 0028807483 scopus 로고
    • 'Alterations in prescribing by general practitioner fundholders: An observational study'
    • Wilson, R., I. Buchan and T. Walley (1995). 'Alterations in prescribing by general practitioner fundholders: An observational study', British Medical Journal, 311, 1347-50.
    • (1995) British Medical Journal , vol.311 , pp. 1347-1350
    • Wilson, R.1    Buchan, I.2    Walley, T.3
  • 83
    • 0028272964 scopus 로고
    • 'Prescribing generic drugs'
    • Young, J. (1994). 'Prescribing generic drugs', British Journal of General Practice, 44 (380), 139-40.
    • (1994) British Journal of General Practice , vol.44 , Issue.380 , pp. 139-140
    • Young, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.