메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 595-613

When clinical description becomes statistical prediction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COGNITION; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PSYCHIATRY; PSYCHOLOGY; REVIEW; STATISTICS;

EID: 4544280328     PISSN: 0003066X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.7.595     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (242)

References (135)
  • 4
    • 7444261401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In appreciation: Paul E. Meehl (1920-2003)
    • American Psychological Society Observer. (2003). In appreciation: Paul E. Meehl (1920-2003). Observer, 12, 13.
    • (2003) Observer , vol.12 , pp. 13
  • 5
    • 0001036089 scopus 로고
    • Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery
    • Barber, B. (1961). Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery. Science, 134, 596-602.
    • (1961) Science , vol.134 , pp. 596-602
    • Barber, B.1
  • 12
    • 0029269006 scopus 로고
    • A contrarian view of the Five-Factor approach to personality descriptions
    • Block, J. (1995). A contrarian view of the Five-Factor approach to personality descriptions. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 187-215.
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.117 , pp. 187-215
    • Block, J.1
  • 13
    • 7444265796 scopus 로고
    • Studying situational dimensions: A grand perspective and some limited empiricism
    • D. M. Magnusson (Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1981). Studying situational dimensions: A grand perspective and some limited empiricism. In D. M. Magnusson (Ed.), Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective (pp. 85-103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Toward a Psychology of Situations: An Interactional Perspective , pp. 85-103
    • Block, J.1    Block, J.H.2
  • 15
    • 0036198226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of experience and training on diagnostic accuracy
    • Brammer, R. (2002). Effects of experience and training on diagnostic accuracy. Psychological Assessment, 14, 110-113.
    • (2002) Psychological Assessment , vol.14 , pp. 110-113
    • Brammer, R.1
  • 17
    • 0000259079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality development across the life span
    • W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.). New York: Wiley
    • Caspi, A. (1998). Personality development across the life span. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social emotional, personality development (pp. 311-388). New York: Wiley.
    • (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 3. Social Emotional, Personality Development , vol.3 , pp. 311-388
    • Caspi, A.1
  • 19
    • 0014096161 scopus 로고
    • Genesis of popular but erroneous psychodiagnostic observations
    • Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1967). Genesis of popular but erroneous psychodiagnostic observations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72, 193-204.
    • (1967) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 193-204
    • Chapman, L.J.1    Chapman, J.P.2
  • 22
    • 0029319828 scopus 로고
    • Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health
    • Colvin, R., Block, J., & Funder, D. (1995). Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1152-1162.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 1152-1162
    • Colvin, R.1    Block, J.2    Funder, D.3
  • 25
    • 0024981793 scopus 로고
    • Clinical versus actuarial judgment
    • Dawes, R. M., Faust, D., & Meehl, P. E. (1989). Clinical versus actuarial judgment. Science, 243, 1668-1674.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 1668-1674
    • Dawes, R.M.1    Faust, D.2    Meehl, P.E.3
  • 26
    • 0027078539 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiology in attachment interviews: Converging evidence for deactivating strategies
    • Dozier, M., & Kobak, R. (1992). Psychophysiology in attachment interviews: Converging evidence for deactivating strategies. Child Development, 63, 1473-1480.
    • (1992) Child Development , vol.63 , pp. 1473-1480
    • Dozier, M.1    Kobak, R.2
  • 27
    • 0347517832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying clinical judgment in the assessment of adolescent psychopathology: Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Child Behavior Checklist for Clinician-Report
    • Dutra, L., Campbell, L., & Westen, D. (2004). Quantifying clinical judgment in the assessment of adolescent psychopathology: Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Child Behavior Checklist for Clinician-Report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 65-85.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 65-85
    • Dutra, L.1    Campbell, L.2    Westen, D.3
  • 28
    • 0022725202 scopus 로고
    • Does aggregation produce spuriously high estimates of behavior stability?
    • Epstein, S. (1986). Does aggregation produce spuriously high estimates of behavior stability? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1199-1210.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 1199-1210
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 29
    • 0026862678 scopus 로고
    • Coping ability, negative self-evaluation, and overgeneralization: Experiment and theory
    • Epstein, S. (1992). Coping ability, negative self-evaluation, and overgeneralization: Experiment and theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 826-836.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 826-836
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 30
    • 7444267934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traits associated with personality disorders and adjustment to military life: Predictive validity of self and peer reports
    • in press
    • Fiedler, E., Oltmanns, T., & Turkheimer, E. (in press). Traits associated with personality disorders and adjustment to military life: Predictive validity of self and peer reports. Military Psychology.
    • Military Psychology
    • Fiedler, E.1    Oltmanns, T.2    Turkheimer, E.3
  • 32
    • 0026234743 scopus 로고
    • Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one year of age
    • Fonagy, P., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1991). Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one year of age. Child Development, 62, 891-905.
    • (1991) Child Development , vol.62 , pp. 891-905
    • Fonagy, P.1    Steele, H.2    Steele, M.3
  • 35
    • 85047669527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decisions and revisions: The affective forecasting of changeable outcomes
    • Gilbert, D. T., & Ebert, J. E. J. (2002). Decisions and revisions: The affective forecasting of changeable outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 502-514.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 502-514
    • Gilbert, D.T.1    Ebert, J.E.J.2
  • 36
    • 0010995825 scopus 로고
    • Human mind versus regression equation: Five contrasts
    • D. Cicchetti & W. M. Grove (Eds.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
    • Goldberg, L. R. (1991). Human mind versus regression equation: Five contrasts. In D. Cicchetti & W. M. Grove (Eds.), Thinking clearly about psychology: Essays in honor of Paul E. Meehl (Vol. 1, pp. 173-184). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
    • (1991) Thinking Clearly about Psychology: Essays in Honor of Paul E. Meehl , vol.1 , pp. 173-184
    • Goldberg, L.R.1
  • 37
    • 0031841629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18
    • Greenbaum, P. E., & Dedrick, R. F. (1998). Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18. Psychological Assessment, 10, 149-155.
    • (1998) Psychological Assessment , vol.10 , pp. 149-155
    • Greenbaum, P.E.1    Dedrick, R.F.2
  • 40
    • 0000333672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficiency of informal (subjective, impressionistic) and formal (mechanical, algorithmic) prediction procedures: The clinical-statistical controversy
    • Grove, W. M., & Meehl, P. E. (1996). Comparative efficiency of informal (subjective, impressionistic) and formal (mechanical, algorithmic) prediction procedures: The clinical-statistical controversy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 2, 293-323.
    • (1996) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.2 , pp. 293-323
    • Grove, W.M.1    Meehl, P.E.2
  • 42
    • 0002220245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopaths and their nature: Implications for the mental health and criminal justice systems
    • T. Millon & E. Simonsen (Eds.). New York: Guilford Press
    • Hare, R. D. (1999). Psychopaths and their nature: Implications for the mental health and criminal justice systems. In T. Millon & E. Simonsen (Eds.), Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior (pp. 188-212). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1999) Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior , pp. 188-212
    • Hare, R.D.1
  • 44
    • 0026389822 scopus 로고
    • Psychopathy and the DSM-IV criteria for antisocial personality disorder
    • Hare, R. D., Hart, S. D., & Harpur, T. J. (1991). Psychopathy and the DSM-IV criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 391-398.
    • (1991) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.100 , pp. 391-398
    • Hare, R.D.1    Hart, S.D.2    Harpur, T.J.3
  • 45
    • 0001377814 scopus 로고
    • Differential convergence of self-report and informant data for Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire traits: Implications for the construct of negative emotionality
    • Harkness, A. R., Tellegen, A., & Waller, N. (1995). Differential convergence of self-report and informant data for Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire traits: Implications for the construct of negative emotionality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 185-204.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.64 , pp. 185-204
    • Harkness, A.R.1    Tellegen, A.2    Waller, N.3
  • 48
    • 0006358442 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and statistical prediction: A reformulation and some new data
    • Holt, R. (1958). Clinical and statistical prediction: A reformulation and some new data. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 56, 1-12.
    • (1958) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 1-12
    • Holt, R.1
  • 50
    • 0028115279 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism
    • John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 206-219
    • John, O.P.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 52
    • 58149417364 scopus 로고
    • On the psychology of prediction
    • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review, 80, 237-251.
    • (1973) Psychological Review , vol.80 , pp. 237-251
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 54
    • 0000700702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informant-reports of personality disorder: Relation to self-reports and future research directions
    • Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2002). Informant-reports of personality disorder: Relation to self-reports and future research directions. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 9, 300-311.
    • (2002) Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice , vol.9 , pp. 300-311
    • Klonsky, E.D.1    Oltmanns, T.F.2    Turkheimer, E.3
  • 57
    • 0025520005 scopus 로고
    • The case for motivated reasoning
    • Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 480-498
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 61
    • 0036077085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of emotion cues in male and female offenders with antisocial personality disorder: Results from a lexical decision task
    • Lorenz, A. R., & Newman, J. P. (2002). Utilization of emotion cues in male and female offenders with antisocial personality disorder: Results from a lexical decision task. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 513-516.
    • (2002) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.111 , pp. 513-516
    • Lorenz, A.R.1    Newman, J.P.2
  • 64
  • 66
    • 0026875532 scopus 로고
    • The Five-Factor model in personality: A critical appraisal
    • McAdams, D. (1992). The Five-Factor model in personality: A critical appraisal. Journal of Personality, 60, 329-361.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality , vol.60 , pp. 329-361
    • McAdams, D.1
  • 69
    • 0026335047 scopus 로고
    • Manifesto for a science of clinical psychology
    • McFall, R. (1991). Manifesto for a science of clinical psychology. The Clinical Psychologist, 44, 75-88.
    • (1991) The Clinical Psychologist , vol.44 , pp. 75-88
    • McFall, R.1
  • 70
    • 0023413281 scopus 로고
    • Lightner Witmer: Little-known founder of clinical psychology
    • McReynolds, P. (1987). Lightner Witmer: Little-known founder of clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 42, 849-858.
    • (1987) American Psychologist , vol.42 , pp. 849-858
    • McReynolds, P.1
  • 72
    • 0000935045 scopus 로고
    • Some ruminations on the validation of clinical procedures
    • Meehl, P. (1959). Some ruminations on the validation of clinical procedures. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13, 106-128.
    • (1959) Canadian Journal of Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 106-128
    • Meehl, P.1
  • 73
    • 85050830793 scopus 로고
    • The cognitive activity of the clinician
    • Meehl, P. E. (1960). The cognitive activity of the clinician. American Psychologist, 15, 19-27.
    • (1960) American Psychologist , vol.15 , pp. 19-27
    • Meehl, P.E.1
  • 74
    • 0001947140 scopus 로고
    • Why I do not attend case conferences
    • P. Meehl (Ed.). New York: Norton
    • Meehl, P. (1973). Why I do not attend case conferences. In P. Meehl (Ed.), Psychodiagnostics: Selected papers (pp. 225-302). New York: Norton.
    • (1973) Psychodiagnostics: Selected Papers , pp. 225-302
    • Meehl, P.1
  • 75
    • 0017816556 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology
    • Meehl, P. E. (1978). Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 806-834.
    • (1978) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 806-834
    • Meehl, P.E.1
  • 77
    • 0036886169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years
    • Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., & Milne, B. J. (2002). Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 179-207.
    • (2002) Development and Psychopathology , vol.14 , pp. 179-207
    • Moffitt, T.E.1    Caspi, A.2    Harrington, H.3    Milne, B.J.4
  • 79
    • 0040701450 scopus 로고
    • Some dangers of using personality questionnaires to study personality
    • Nicholls, J. G., Licht, B. G., & Pearl, R. A. (1982). Some dangers of using personality questionnaires to study personality. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 572-580.
    • (1982) Psychological Bulletin , vol.92 , pp. 572-580
    • Nicholls, J.G.1    Licht, B.G.2    Pearl, R.A.3
  • 81
    • 0343468534 scopus 로고
    • Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes
    • Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 231-259
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Wilson, T.D.2
  • 83
    • 0002305828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological defense: Contemporary theory and research
    • R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs. New York: Academic Press
    • Paulhus, D. L., Fridhandler, B., & Hayes, S. (1997). Psychological defense: Contemporary theory and research. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs, Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 543-579). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1997) Handbook of Personality Psychology , pp. 543-579
    • Paulhus, D.L.1    Fridhandler, B.2    Hayes, S.3
  • 84
    • 0026486177 scopus 로고
    • Problems and considerations in the valid assessment of personality disorders
    • Perry, J. C. (1992). Problems and considerations in the valid assessment of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1645-1653.
    • (1992) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 1645-1653
    • Perry, J.C.1
  • 86
    • 0342864330 scopus 로고
    • Validity in the diagnosis of personality disorders: The use of the LEAD standard
    • Pilkonis, P. A., Heape, C. L., Ruddy, J., & Serrao, P. (1991). Validity in the diagnosis of personality disorders: The use of the LEAD standard. Psychological Assessment, 31, 46-54.
    • (1991) Psychological Assessment , vol.31 , pp. 46-54
    • Pilkonis, P.A.1    Heape, C.L.2    Ruddy, J.3    Serrao, P.4
  • 87
    • 2442522244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality characteristics of partner violent men: A Q-sort approach
    • Porcerelli, J. H., Cogan, R., & Hibbard, S. (2004). Personality characteristics of partner violent men: A Q-sort approach. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 151-162.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.18 , pp. 151-162
    • Porcerelli, J.H.1    Cogan, R.2    Hibbard, S.3
  • 88
    • 0036886694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric patient- and informant-reported personality: Predicting concurrent and future behavior
    • Ready, R. E., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (2002). Psychiatric patient- and informant-reported personality: Predicting concurrent and future behavior. Assessment, 9, 361-372.
    • (2002) Assessment , vol.9 , pp. 361-372
    • Ready, R.E.1    Watson, D.2    Clark, L.A.3
  • 89
    • 3042994467 scopus 로고
    • The cognitive unconscious: An evolutionary perspective
    • Reber, A. (1992). The cognitive unconscious: An evolutionary perspective. Consciousness and Cognition, 1, 93-133.
    • (1992) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 93-133
    • Reber, A.1
  • 91
    • 0035234392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta analysis: Recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews
    • Rosenthal, R., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2000). Meta analysis: Recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 59-82.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 59-82
    • Rosenthal, R.1    DiMatteo, M.R.2
  • 92
    • 0000294456 scopus 로고
    • If you're looking at the cell means, you're not looking at only the interaction (unless all main effects are zero)
    • Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (1991). If you're looking at the cell means, you're not looking at only the interaction (unless all main effects are zero). American Psychologist, 110, 574-576.
    • (1991) American Psychologist , vol.110 , pp. 574-576
    • Rosnow, R.L.1    Rosenthal, R.2
  • 93
    • 0345489897 scopus 로고
    • The beginnings of expertise for ballads
    • Rubin, D. B., Wallace, W., & Houston, B. (1993). The beginnings of expertise for ballads. Cognitive Science, 17, 435-462.
    • (1993) Cognitive Science , vol.17 , pp. 435-462
    • Rubin, D.B.1    Wallace, W.2    Houston, B.3
  • 94
    • 0347087576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental bonding and personality pathology assessed by clinician report
    • Russ, E., Heim, A., & Westen, D. (2003). Parental bonding and personality pathology assessed by clinician report. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 522-536.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.17 , pp. 522-536
    • Russ, E.1    Heim, A.2    Westen, D.3
  • 95
    • 7444220059 scopus 로고
    • The present status of the clinical-statistical prediction problem
    • Sarbin, T. R. (1962). The present status of the clinical-statistical prediction problem. Anthropology and Medicine, 10, 315-323.
    • (1962) Anthropology and Medicine , vol.10 , pp. 315-323
    • Sarbin, T.R.1
  • 96
    • 0013945727 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and prediction, clinical and statistical
    • Sawyer, J. (1966). Measurement and prediction, clinical and statistical. Psychological Bulletin, 66, 178-200.
    • (1966) Psychological Bulletin , vol.66 , pp. 178-200
    • Sawyer, J.1
  • 97
    • 0041525059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers
    • Schwartz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54, 93-105.
    • (1999) American Psychologist , vol.54 , pp. 93-105
    • Schwartz, N.1
  • 101
    • 0032237787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the measurement of Axis II: A Q-sort procedure for assessing personality pathology
    • Shedler, J., & Westen, D. (1998). Refining the measurement of Axis II: A Q-sort procedure for assessing personality pathology. Assessment, 5, 333-353.
    • (1998) Assessment , vol.5 , pp. 333-353
    • Shedler, J.1    Westen, D.2
  • 102
    • 7444240836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining DSM-IV personality disorder diagnosis: Integrating science and practice
    • Shedler, J., & Westen, D. (2004). Refining DSM-IV personality disorder diagnosis: Integrating science and practice. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1-16.
    • (2004) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 1-16
    • Shedler, J.1    Westen, D.2
  • 103
    • 85047693079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of personality pathology: An alternative to the Five Factor Model
    • in press
    • Shedler, J., & Westen, D. (in press). Dimensions of personality pathology: An alternative to the Five Factor Model. American Journal of Psychiatry.
    • American Journal of Psychiatry
    • Shedler, J.1    Westen, D.2
  • 106
    • 0020511916 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric diagnosis: Are clinicians still necessary?
    • Spitzer, R. L. (1983). Psychiatric diagnosis: Are clinicians still necessary? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 24, 399-411.
    • (1983) Comprehensive Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 399-411
    • Spitzer, R.L.1
  • 108
    • 0029437892 scopus 로고
    • The local clinical scientist: A bridge between science and practice
    • Stricker, G., & Trierweiler, S. J. (1995). The local clinical scientist: A bridge between science and practice. American Psychologist, 50, 995-1002.
    • (1995) American Psychologist , vol.50 , pp. 995-1002
    • Stricker, G.1    Trierweiler, S.J.2
  • 109
    • 0002096012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and generalizability theory
    • L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold (Eds.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Strube, M. J. (2000). Reliability and generalizability theory. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and understanding MORE multivariate statistics (pp. 23-66). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2000) Reading and Understanding MORE Multivariate Statistics , pp. 23-66
    • Strube, M.J.1
  • 110
    • 0000092038 scopus 로고
    • Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder?
    • Tanaka, J. W., & Taylor, M. (1991). Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder? Cognitive Psychology, 23, 457-482.
    • (1991) Cognitive Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 457-482
    • Tanaka, J.W.1    Taylor, M.2
  • 111
    • 0037469725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mind games: Psychological warfare between therapists and scientists
    • Tavris, C. (2003). Mind games: Psychological warfare between therapists and scientists. Chronicle of Higher Education, 49, B47.
    • (2003) Chronicle of Higher Education , vol.49
    • Tavris, C.1
  • 112
    • 0037329963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factorial structure of pathological personality as evaluated by peers
    • Thomas, C., Turkheimer, E., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2003). Factorial structure of pathological personality as evaluated by peers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 81-91.
    • (2003) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.112 , pp. 81-91
    • Thomas, C.1    Turkheimer, E.2    Oltmanns, T.F.3
  • 114
    • 38249030488 scopus 로고
    • Official and unofficial data
    • Westen, D. (1988). Official and unofficial data. New Ideas in Psychology, 6, 323-331.
    • (1988) New Ideas in Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 323-331
    • Westen, D.1
  • 115
    • 0029374883 scopus 로고
    • A clinical-empirical model of personality: Life after the Mischelian ice age and the NEO-lithic era
    • Westen, D. (1995). A clinical-empirical model of personality: Life after the Mischelian ice age and the NEO-lithic era. Journal of Personality, 63, 495-524.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality , vol.63 , pp. 495-524
    • Westen, D.1
  • 116
    • 0030242173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model and a method for uncovering the nomothetic from the idiographic: An alternative to the Five-Factor Model?
    • Westen, D. (1996). A model and a method for uncovering the nomothetic from the idiographic: An alternative to the Five-Factor Model? Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 400-413.
    • (1996) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.30 , pp. 400-413
    • Westen, D.1
  • 117
    • 0030920544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergences between clinical and research methods for assessing personality disorders: Implications for research and the evolution of Axis II
    • Westen, D. (1997). Divergences between clinical and research methods for assessing personality disorders: Implications for research and the evolution of Axis II. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 895-903.
    • (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 895-903
    • Westen, D.1
  • 118
    • 0032265201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science
    • Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 333-371.
    • (1998) Psychological Bulletin , vol.124 , pp. 333-371
    • Westen, D.1
  • 119
    • 0141777349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished manual, Emory University
    • Westen, D. (2002). Clinical Diagnostic Interview. Unpublished manual, Emory University. Available from www.psychsystems.net/lab
    • (2002) Clinical Diagnostic Interview
    • Westen, D.1
  • 120
    • 0006942477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues in research using projective techniques
    • P. C. Kendall, J. N. Butcher, & G. Holmbeck (Eds.). New York: Wiley
    • Westen, D., Feit, A., & Zittel, C. (1999). Methodological issues in research using projective techniques. In P. C. Kendall, J. N. Butcher, & G. Holmbeck (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (2nd ed., pp. 224-240). New York: Wiley.
    • (1999) Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology (2nd Ed.) , pp. 224-240
    • Westen, D.1    Feit, A.2    Zittel, C.3
  • 121
    • 0035074826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality profiles in eating disorders: Rethinking the distinction between Axis I and Axis II
    • Westen, D., & Harnden-Fischer, J. (2001). Personality profiles in eating disorders: Rethinking the distinction between Axis I and Axis II. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 547-562.
    • (2001) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.165 , pp. 547-562
    • Westen, D.1    Harnden-Fischer, J.2
  • 122
    • 0345896855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of personality disorder assessment using a systematic clinical interview: Evaluating an alternative to structured interviews
    • Westen, D., & Muderrisoglu, S. (2003). Reliability and validity of personality disorder assessment using a systematic clinical interview: Evaluating an alternative to structured interviews. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 350-368.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.17 , pp. 350-368
    • Westen, D.1    Muderrisoglu, S.2
  • 123
    • 0030958855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affect regulation and affective experience: Individual differences, group differences, and measurement using a Q-sort procedure
    • Westen, D., Muderrisoglu, S., Fowler, C., Shedler, J., & Koren, D. (1997). Affect regulation and affective experience: Individual differences, group differences, and measurement using a Q-sort procedure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 429-439.
    • (1997) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 429-439
    • Westen, D.1    Muderrisoglu, S.2    Fowler, C.3    Shedler, J.4    Koren, D.5
  • 124
    • 3042815230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empirical status of empirically supported therapies: Assumptions, methods, and findings
    • Westen, D., Novotny, C., & Thompson-Brenner, H. (2004). The empirical status of empirically supported therapies: Assumptions, methods, and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 631-663.
    • (2004) Psychological Bulletin , vol.130 , pp. 631-663
    • Westen, D.1    Novotny, C.2    Thompson-Brenner, H.3
  • 125
    • 0033023348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revising and assessing Axis II, Part 1: Developing a clinically and empirically valid assessment method
    • Westen, D., & Shedler, J. (1999a). Revising and assessing Axis II, Part 1: Developing a clinically and empirically valid assessment method. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 258-272.
    • (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 258-272
    • Westen, D.1    Shedler, J.2
  • 126
    • 0032983825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revising and assessing Axis II, Part 2: Toward an empirically based and clinically useful classification of personality disorders
    • Westen, D., & Shedler, J. (1999b). Revising and assessing Axis II, Part 2: Toward an empirically based and clinically useful classification of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 273-285.
    • (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 273-285
    • Westen, D.1    Shedler, J.2
  • 127
    • 0038182449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality diagnosis in adolescence: DSM-IV Axis II diagnoses and an empirically derived alternative
    • Westen, D., Shedler, J., Durrett, C., Glass, S., & Martens, A. (2003). Personality diagnosis in adolescence: DSM-IV Axis II diagnoses and an empirically derived alternative. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 952-966.
    • (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 952-966
    • Westen, D.1    Shedler, J.2    Durrett, C.3    Glass, S.4    Martens, A.5
  • 130
    • 0034235429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ with longitudinal, expert, all data (LEAD) standard diagnoses in a sample with a high prevalence of Axis I and Axis II disorders
    • Wilberg, T., Dammen, T., & Friis, S. (2000). Comparing personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ with longitudinal, expert, all data (LEAD) standard diagnoses in a sample with a high prevalence of Axis I and Axis II disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41, 295-302.
    • (2000) Comprehensive Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 295-302
    • Wilberg, T.1    Dammen, T.2    Friis, S.3
  • 131
    • 0034025772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identity disturbance in borderline personality disorder: An empirical investigation
    • Wilkinson-Ryan, T., & Westen, D. (2000). Identity disturbance in borderline personality disorder: An empirical investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 528-541.
    • (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 528-541
    • Wilkinson-Ryan, T.1    Westen, D.2
  • 135
    • 33644844125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borderline personality disorder as seen in clinical practice: Implications for DSM-V
    • in press
    • Zittel, C., & Westen, D. (in press). Borderline personality disorder as seen in clinical practice: Implications for DSM-V. American Journal of Psychiatry.
    • American Journal of Psychiatry
    • Zittel, C.1    Westen, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.