Resilient, Overcontrolled, and Undercontrolled Boys: Three Replicable Personality Types

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 70, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 157-171

  Robins, Richard W ^a   John, Oliver P ^a   Caspi, Avshalom ^b   Moffitt, Terrie E ^b   Stouthamer Loeber, Magda ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EGO; HUMAN; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MALE; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY; AFRICAN AMERICANS; EGO; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; HUMANS; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MALE; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PERSONALITY INVENTORY;

EID: 0029685324     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.157     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont.
2. Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. (1986). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and Teacher Version of the Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont.
3. Achenbach, T. M., Howell, C. T., Quay, H. C., & Conners, C. K. (1991). National survey of problems and competencies among four-to sixteen-year olds. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 56 (3, Serial No. 225).
4. Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt.
5. Allport, G. W. (1946). Personality psychology as science: A reply. Psychological Review, 53, 132-135.
6. Anderson, J. C., Williams, S., McGee, R., Silva, P. A. (1987). DSM-III Disorders of Preadolescent Children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 69-76.
7. Bern, D. J. (1983). Constructing a theory of the triple typology: Some (second) thoughts on nomothetic and idiographic approaches to personality. Journal of Personality, 51, 566-577.
8. Block, J. (1978). The Q-sort method in personality assessment and psychiatric research. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. (Original work published in 1961)
9. Block, J. (1971). Lives through time. Berkeley, CA: Bancroft Books.
10. Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1980). The California Child Q-set. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. (Original work published 1969)
11. Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39-101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
12. Block, J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1986). Distinguishing between antisocial behavior and undercontrol. In D. Olweus, J. Block, & M. Radke-Yarrow (Eds.), Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues ( pp. 177-206 ). New York: Academic Press.
13. Block, J., & Robins, R. W. (1993). A longitudinal study of consistency and change in self-esteem from early adolescence to early adulthood. Child Development, 64, 909-923.
14. Carlson, R. (1971). Where is the person in personality research? Psychological Bulletin, 75, 203-219.
15. Caspi, A., Block, J., Block, J. H., Klopp, B., Lynam, D., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1992). A "common language" version of the California Child Q-Set for personality assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 512-523.
16. Caspi, A., & Silva, P. A. (1995). Temperamental qualities at age 3 predict personality traits in young adulthood: Longitudinal evidence from a birth cohort. Child Development, 66, 486-498.
17. Chein, I. (1943). Personality and typology. Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 89-109.
18. Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.
19. Dunford, F. W., & Elliott, D. S. (1984). Identifying career offenders using self-report data. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 21, 57-86.
20. Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S. S. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
21. Everett, J. E. (1983). Factor congruence as a criterion for determining the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 197-218.
22. Eysenck, H. J., & Gudjonsson, G. H. (1989). The causes and cures of criminality. New York: Plenum.
23. Funder, D. C., & Block, J. (1989). The role of ego-control, ego-resiliency, and IQ in delay of gratification in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1041-1050.
24. Funder, D. C., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Parke, R., & Widaman, K. (1993). Studying lives through lime: Approaches to personality and development. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25. Gangestad, S., & Snyder, M. (1985). "To carve nature at its joints": On the existence of discrete classes in personality. Psychological Review, 92, 317-349.
26. Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26-34.
27. Graziano, W. G., & Ward, D. (1992). Probing the Big Five in adolescence: Personality and adjustment during a developmental transition. Journal of Personality, 60, 425-439.
28. Halverson, C. F., Kohnstamm, G. A., & Martin, R. P. (1994). The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Hindelang, M. J., Hirschi, T., Weis, J. G. (1981). Measuring delinquency. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
30. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Two factor index of social position. New Haven, CT: Author.
31. John, O. P. (1990). The "Big Five" factor taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and questionnaires. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 66-100). New York: Guilford Press.
32. John, O. P., Caspi, A., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1994). The "Little Five": Exploring the nomological network of the Five-Factor Model of personality in adolescent boys. Child Development, 65, 160-178.
33. John, O. P., & Ostrove, J. (1994). Personality types in adult women: Longitudinal evidence for four distinct life trajectories. Berkeley: Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California.
34. John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1993). Gordon Allport: Father and critic of the Five-Factor Model. In K. H. Craik, R. T. Hogan, & R. N. Wolfe (Eds.), Fifty years of personality research (pp. 215-236). New York: Plenum.
35. John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Type and traits, dynamics and development: No doors should be closed in the study of personality. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 137-142.
36. Lewin, K. (1935). A dynamic theory of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill.
37. Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W., & Farrington, D. (1989). Development of a new measure for self-reported antisocial behavior for young children: Prevalence and reliability. In M. W. Klein (Ed.), Cross-national research in self-reported crime and delinquency. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kulwer.
38. Magnusson, D. (1990). Personality development from an interactional perspective. In L. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 193-222). New York: Guilford Press.
39. McKeown, B., & Thomas, D. (1988). Q methodology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
40. Meehl, P. E. (1992). Factors and taxa, traits and types, differences of degree and differences in kind. Journal of Personality, 60, 117-174.
41. Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 687-696.
42. Myers, I. B., & McCaulley, M. H. (1985). Manual: A guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
43. Olweus, D., Block, J., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1986). Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues. New York: Academic Press.
44. Ozer, D. J. (1993). The Q-sort method and the study of personality development. In D. C. Funder, R. D. Parke, C. Tomlinson-Keasey, & K. Widaman (Eds.), Studying lives through time: Approaches to personality and development (pp. 147-168). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
45. Ozer, D. J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1989). Patterns of personality consistency and change from childhood through adolescence. Journal of Personality, 57, 483-507.
46. Pervin, L. A. (1993). Pattern and organization: Current trends and prospects for the future. In K. H. Craik, R. T. Hogan, & R. N. Wolfe (Eds.), Fifty years of personality research (pp. 69-84). New York: Plenum.
47. Pervin, L. A. (1994). A critical analysis of current trait theory. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 103-113.
48. Renken, B., Egeland, B., Marvinney, D., Mangelsdorf, S., & Sroufe, L. A. (1989). Early childhood antecedents of aggression and passive-withdrawal in early elementary school. Journal of Personality, 57, 257-282.
49. Robins, R. W., John, O. P., & Caspi, A. (1994). Major dimensions of personality in early adolescence: The Big Five and beyond. In C. F. Halverson, G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 267-291). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
50. Robins, R. W., John, O. P., & Caspi, A. (in press). The typological approach to studying personality. In R. B. Cairns, J. Kagan, & L. Bergman (Eds.), The individual in developmental research: Essays in honor of Marian Radke-Yarrow. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
51. Saltier, J. M. (1988). Assessment of children (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Sattler.
52. Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Peake, P. K. (1990). Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions. Developmental Psychology, 26, 978-986.
53. Stein, M. I. (1963). Explorations in typology. In R. W. White (Ed.), The study of lives: Essays on personality in honor of Henry A. Murray (pp. 281-303). New York: Atherton.
54. Stokes, G. S., Mumford, M. D., & Owens, W. A. (1989). Life history prototypes in the study of human individuality. Journal of Personality, 57, 509-545.
55. Ussher, R. G. (Ed.). (1960). Theophrastus. The characters of Theophrastus. London: Macmillan.
56. van Lieshout, C. F. M., Haselager, G. J. T. (1994). The Big Five personality factors in Q-sort descriptions of children and adolescents. In C. F. Halverson, G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 293-318). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
57. Waters, E., Noyes, D. M., Vaughn, B. E., & Ricks, M. (1985). Q-sort definitions of social competence and self-esteem: Discriminant validity of related constructs in theory and data. Developmental Psychology, 21, 508-522.
58. Wechsler, D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.
59. Weinberger, D. A., & Schwartz, G. E. (1990). Distress and restraint as superordinate dimensions of self-reported adjustment: A typological perspective. Journal of Personality, 58, 381-417.
60. Wolfgang, M., Figlio, R. M., Tracey, P. E., & Singer, F. J. (1985). The national survey of crime severity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
61. York, K., & John, O. P. (1992). The four faces of Eve: A typological analysis of women's personality at midlife. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 494-508.
62. York, K., & John, O. P. (1994). Three paths into adulthood: A longitudinal study of the antecedents of personality types in adult women. Manuscript submitted for publication.