Chlorambucil plus theophylline vs chlorambucil alone as a front line therapy for B-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia

Leukemia and Lymphoma

Volumn 45, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 2029-2035

  Mabed, Mohamed ^a   Aref, Salah ^a   Fouda, Manal ^a   El Sharawy, Solafa ^a  

^a MANSOURA UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Chlorambucil; Chronic lymphatic leukemia; Theophylline

Indexed keywords

CHLORAMBUCIL; FLUDARABINE; THEOPHYLLINE;

ARTICLE; B CELL LEUKEMIA; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SIDE EFFECT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME;

ADULT; AGED; ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHLORAMBUCIL; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LEUKEMIA, B-CELL, CHRONIC; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QUALITY OF LIFE; REMISSION INDUCTION; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; THEOPHYLLINE;

EID: 4544254593     PISSN: 10428194     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10428190410001714061     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Galton, D.A.G., Wiltshaw, E., Szu, R.L. and Dacie, J.V. (1961) "The use of chlorambucil and steroids in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Br. J. Haematol., 7, 73-98.
2. Foon, K.A. and Gale, R.P. (1987) "Staging and therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Semin. Hematol., 24, 264-274.
3. Begleiter, A., Mowat, M., Israels, L.G. and Johnston, J.B. (1996) "Chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Mechanism of action", Leuk. Lymph., 23, 187-201.
4. Sawitsky, A., Rai, K.R., Glidewell, O., Silver, R.T. and participating members of CALGB (Cancer and Leukemia Group B). (1977) "Comparison of daily versus intermittent chlorambucil and prednisone therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Blood, 50, 1049-1059.
5. Knospe, W.H., Loeb, V. and Huguley, C.M. (1974) "Bi-weekly chlorambucil treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Cancer, 33, 555-562.
6. Han, T., Ezdinli, E.Z., Shimaoka, K. and Desai, D.V. (1973) "Chlorambucil vs combined chlorambucil-corticosteroids in chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Cancer, 31, 502-508.
7. Jaksic, B. and Brugiatelli, M. (1988) "High dose continuous chlormabucil vs intermittent chlorambucil plus prednisone for treatment of B-CLL. IGCI CLL-01 trial", Nouw. Rev. Fr. Hematol., 30, 437-442.
8. Mentz, F., Mossalayi, M.D., Ouaaz, F., Baudet, S., Issaly, F., Ktorza, S., et al. (1996) "Theophylline synergizes with chlorambucil in inducing apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells", Blood, 88, 2172-2182.
9. Cheson, B.D., Bennett, J.M., Rai, K.R., Grever, M.R., Kay, N.E., Oken, M.M., et al. (1989) "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recommendations", Ann. Intern. Med., 110, 664-665.
10. Rai, K.R., Savisky, A., Cronkile, E.P., Chanana, A.D., Levy, R. and Paslermack, B.S. (1975) "Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Blood, 46, 219-234.
11. Cheson, B.D., Bennett, J.M., Grever, M., Kay, N., Keating, M.J., Obrien, S., et al. (1996) "National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment", Blood, 87, 4990-4997.
12. World Health Organization (1979) WHO Handbook for reporting Results of Cancer Treatment. Geneva: WHO Offset Publications.
13. Kaplan, E. and Meier, P. (1958) "Non parametric estimation from incomplete observations", J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 53, 457.
14. Reed, J.C. and Kitada, S. (2001) Apoptosis dysregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias, edited by B.D. Cheson. Pp 111-126. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
15. Dighiero, G., Travade, P., Chevret, S., Fenaux, P., Chastang, C. and Binet, J.I. (1991) "B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: present status and future directions", Blood, 78, 1901-1914.
16. O'Brien, S., Del Giglio, A. and Keating, M. (1995) "Advances in the biology and treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia" , Blood, 85, 307-318.
17. Caligaris-Cappio, F. (1996) "B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a malignancy of anti- self B cells", Blood, 87, 2615-2620.
18. Kipps, T. (1997) "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Curr. Opin. Hematol., 4, 268-276.
19. Jewell, A.P. (2002) "Role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Br. J. Biomed. Sci., 59, 235-238.
20. Pepper, C., Hooper, K., Thomas, A., Hoy, T. and Bentley, P. (2001) "BcL-2 antisense oligonucleotides enhance the cytotoxicity of chlorambucil in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells", Leuk. Lymphoma, 42, 491-498.
21. Begleiter, A., Lee, K., Israels, I.G., Mowat, M.R. and Johnston, J.B. (1994) "Chlorambucil induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and its relationship to clinical efficiency", Leuk. Lymphoma, 8, 103, supp 1.
22. Mentz, F., Merle-Beral, H., Ouaaz, F. and Binet, J.L. (1995) "Theophylline, a new inducer of apoptosis in B-CLL: role of cyclic nucleotides", Br. J. Haematol., 90, 957-959.
23. Mentz, F., Merle-Beral, H. and Dalloul, A.H. (1999) "Theophylline-induced B-CLL apoptosis is partly dependent on cyclic AMP production but independent of CD38 expression and endogenous IL-10 production", Leukemia, 13, 78-84.
24. Kebabian, J.W. (1992) "The cyclic AMP cascade: A signal transduction system", Neurotransmissions, 2, 1.
25. Lee, R., Wolda, S., Moon, E., Esselstyn, J., Hertel, C. and Lerner, A. (2002) "PDE7A is expressed in human B-lymphocytes and is upregulated by elevation of intracellular cAMP", Cell Signal, 14, 277-284.
26. McConkey, D.J., Aguilar-Santelises, M., Hartzell, P., Eriksson, I., Mellstedt, H., Orrenius, S., et al. (1991) "Induction of DNA fragmentation in chronic B lymphocytic leukemia cells". J. Immunol., 146, 1072-1076.
27. Lalli, E. and Sasson-Corsi, P. (1994) "Signal transduction and gene regulation: The nuclear response to cAMP", J. Biol. Chem., 269, 17359-17362.
28. Rasmussen, H., Isales, C., Ganesan, S., Calle, R. and Zawalich, W. (1992) "Ca2 + cyclic AMP interactions in sustained cellular responses", Ciba Found Symp., 164, 98.
29. Choi, E.J., Xia, Z., Villacres, E.C. and Storm, D.R. (1993) "The regulatory diversity of the mammalian adenyl cyclase", Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol., 5, 269-273.
30. Sachs, L. and Lotem, J. (1993) "Control of programmed cell death in normal and leukemic cells: new implications of therapy", Blood, 82, 15-21.
31. Schena, M., Larsson, L.G., Gottardi, D., Gaidano, G., Carsson, M., Nilsson, K., et al. (1992) "Growth and differentiation-associated of BCL-2 in B-chrome lymphocytic leukemia cells", Blood, 79, 2981-2989.
32. Vaux, D.L., Cory, S. and Adams, J.M. (1988) "Bcl-2 gene promotes haematopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells", Nature, 335, 440-442.
33. Shaw, P., Bovey, R., Tardy, S., Sahli, R., Sordat, B. and Costa, J. (1992) "Induction of apotosis by wild-type p53 in a human colon tumor-derived cell line", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 4495-4499.
34. Sidransky, D., Mikkelsen, T., Schwechheimer, K., Rosenblum, M.L., Cavanee, W. and Vogelstein, B. (1992) "Clonal expansion of p53 mutant cells is associated with brain tumour progression", Nature, 355, 846-847.
35. Makower, D., Malik, U., Novik, Y. and Wiernik, P.H. (1999) "Therapeutic efficacy of theophylline in chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Med. Oncol., 16, 69-71.
36. Binet, J.L., Mentz, F., Leblond, V. and Merie-Beral, H. (1995) "Synergistic action of alkylating agents and methylxanthine derivatives in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia", Leukemia, 9, 2159-2161.
37. Rai, K.R., Peterson, B.L., Appelbaum, F.R., Koltz, J., Elias, L., Shepherd, L., et al. (2000) "Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia", N. Engl. J. Med., 343, 1750-1757.
38. Robak, T., Blonski, J.Z., Kasznick, M., Blasinska-Morawiec, M., Krykowski, E., Dmoszynska, A., et al. (2000) "Cladribine with prednisone versus chlorambucil with prednisone as first-line therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: report of a prospective randomized, mutlicenter trial", Blood, 96, 2723-2729.
39. Leporrier, M., Chevret, S., Cazin, B., Boujerra, N., Feugier, P., Desabien, B., et al. (2001) "Randomized comparison of fludarabine, CAP, and ChOP in 938 previously untreated stage B and C chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients", Blood, 98, 2319-2325.
40. Basu, S. and Mitra Basu, R. (2000) "Theophylline as a therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of literature", Haematologica (Budap), 30, 225-227.