A double-blind placebo controlled trial of piracetam added to risperidone in patients with autistic disorder

Child Psychiatry and Human Development

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 237-245

  Akhondzadeh, Shahin ^a   Tajdar, Hamid ^a   Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza ^a   Mohammadi, Mohammad ^b   Nouroozinejad, Gholam Hossein ^c   Shabstari, Omid L ^d   Ghelichnia, Hossein Ali ^e  

^a TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^c AHVAZ JUNDISHAPUR UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^d Avesina Research Institute   (Iran)

^e TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

AMPA; Autism; Glutamate; Piracetam

Indexed keywords

PIRACETAM; PLACEBO; RISPERIDONE;

ADD ON THERAPY; ANOREXIA; APPETITE; ARTICLE; AUTISM; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSTIPATION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DROWSINESS; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NERVOUSNESS; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; RANDOMIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING SCALE; SIDE EFFECT; XEROSTOMIA;

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; PIRACETAM; PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; RECEPTORS, AMPA; RISPERIDONE;

EID: 45249098900     PISSN: 0009398X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-007-0084-3     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Rutter M, Silberg J, O'Connor T, Simonoff E (1999) Genetics and child psychiatry, II: empirical research findings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 40:19-55
2. Chakrabarti S, Fombonne E (2001) Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. JAMA 285:3039-3099
3. Lord C, Leventhal BL, Cook EH Jr (2001) Quantifying the phenotype in autism spectrum disorders. Am J Med Genet 105:36-38
4. Polleux F, Lauder JM (2005) Toward a developmental neurobiology of autism. Men Retard Dev Disabil 10:303-317
5. Anderson LT, Campbell M, Adams P, Small AM, Perry R, Shell J (1989) The effects of haloperidol on discrimination learning and behavioral symptoms in autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord 19:227-239
6. Campbell M, Adams P, Perry R, Spencer EK, Overall JE (1988) Tardive and withdrawal dyskinesia in autistic children: a prospective study. Psychopharmacol Bull 24:251-255
7. Levy SE, Hyman SL (2005) Novel treatments for autistic spectrum disorders. Men Retard Develop disab 11:131-142
8. Nilsson M, Waters S, Waters N (2001) A behavioral pattern analysis of hypoglutamatergic mice: effects of four different antipsychotic agents. J Neural Transm 108:1181-1196
9. Purecell AE, Jeon OH, Zimmerman AW (2001) Postmortem brain abnormalities of the glutamate neurotransmitter system in autism. Neurology 57:1618-1628
10. Serajee FJ, Zhong H, Nabi R, Huq AH (2003) The metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 gene at 7q31: partial duplication and possible association with autism. J Med Genet 40:e42
11. Akhondzadeh S, Erfani S, Mohammadi MR, Tehranidoost M, Amini H (2004) Cyproheptadine in the treatment of autistic disorder: a double-blind and placebo controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Therapeutics 29:145-150
12. Pickett J, London E (2005) The neuropathology of autism: areview. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 64: 925-935
13. Carlsson ML (1998) Hypothesis: is infantile autism a hypoglutamatergic disorder? Relevance of glutamate-serotonin interaction for pharmacotherapy. J Neural Transm 105:525-535
14. Maurel Remy S, Bervoets K, Millan MJ (1995) Blockade of phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion by clozapine and MDL 100,907 in rats reflects antagonism of 5HT2A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 280: 367-379
15. Krystal JH, D'Souza DC, Petrakis IL, Beiger A, Berman R, Charney DS, Abi-Saab W, Madonick S (1999) NMDA agonists and antagonists as probes of glutamatergic dysfunction and pharmacotherapies for neuropsychiatric disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry 7:125-133
16. Goff DC, Tsai G, Levitt J, Amico E, Manoach D, Schoenfield DA, Hayden DL, McCarley R. Coyle JT (1999) A placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:21-27
17. Noorbala AA, Akhondzadeh S, Davari-Astiani R, Amini-Nooshabadi H (1999) Piracetam in the treatment of schizophrenia: implications for the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. J Clin Pharm Therapeutics 24:369-374
18. Cohen SA, Muller WE. (1993) Effects of piracetam on N- methyl-d-aspartate receptor properties in the aged mouse brain. Pharmacol 47:217-222
19. Gouliaev AH, Senning A (1994) Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics. Brain Res Rev 19:180-222
20. Copani A, Genazzani AA, Aleppo G (1999) Nootropic drugs positively modulate alpha-amino- 3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionic acid-sensitive glutamate receptors in neuronal cultures. J Neurochem 54:1199-1204
21. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994) Diagnosis and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC
22. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects (2000) available from: http://www.wma.net. Access date 03 Jun 2007
23. Aman MG, Singh NN, Stewart AW, Field CJ (1985) The aberrant behavior checklist: a behavior rating scale for assessment of treatment effects. Am J Men Deficit 89:485-491
24. Chouinard G, Ross-Chouinard A, Annables L, Jones BD (1980) Extrapyramidal symptoms rating scale (abstract). Can J Neurol Sci 7:233
25. Akhondzadeh S (1998) The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. J Clin Pharm Therapeutics 23: 243-246
26. Posey DJ, Kem DL, Swiezy NB, Sweeten TL, Wiegand RE, McDougle CJ (2004) A pilot study of D-cycloserine in subjects with autistic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 161:2115-2117
27. Levi G, Sechi E (1987) A study of piracetam in the pharmacological treatment of learning disabilities. In: Bakker D (ed) Child health and development, developmental dyslexia and learning disorders, vol. 5. Karger, Basel, pp 129-139
28. Winblad B (2005) Piracetam: a review of pharmacological properties and clinical uses. CNS Drug Rev 11:169-182