Hunting reduces recruitment of primate-dispersed trees in Amazonian Peru

Biological Conservation

Volumn 141, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1536-1546

  Nunez Iturri, Gabriela ^a   Olsson, Ola ^b   Howe, Henry F ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Amazon Basin; Hunting; Primates; Seed dispersal; Seedling communities; Tropical rain forest

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HUNTING; PLANT COMMUNITY; PRIMATE; PROTECTED AREA; RAINFOREST; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); SEED DISPERSAL; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; TREE;

AMAZON BASIN; PERU; SOUTH AMERICA;

ANIMALIA; PRIMATES;

EID: 44649189753     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.020     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Beisner B.E., Haydon D.T., and Cuddington K. Alternative stable states in ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7 (2003) 376-382
2. Benitez-Malvido J. Impact of forest fragmentation on seedling abundance in a tropical rain forest. Conservation Biology 12 (1998) 380-389
3. Bodmer R.E. Managing Amazonian wildlife: Biological correlates of game choice by detribalized hunters. Ecological Applications 5 (1995) 872-877
4. Bodmer R.E., Eisenberg J.F., and Redford K.H. Hunting and the likelihood of extinction of Amazonian mammals. Conservation Biology 11 (1997) 460-466
5. Comita L., Condit R., and Hubbell S.P. Developmental changes in habitat associations of tropical trees. Journal of Ecology 95 (2007) 482-492
6. Cordeiro, N.J., Howe, H.F., 2003. Forest fragmentation severs mutualism between seed disperser and an endemic African tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, 14052-14056. doi:10.1073/pnas.2331023100.
7. Cramer J., Mesquita R., and Williamson G.B. Forest fragmentation differentially affects seed dispersal of large and small-seeded tropical trees. Biological Conservation 137 (2007) 415-423
8. Dallmeier, F., Kabel, M., Foster, R.B., 1996. Floristic composition, diversity, mortality and recruitment on different substrates: lowland tropical forest, Pakitza, Rio Manu, Peru. In: Wilson, D.E., Sandoval, A. (Eds.), Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Horizonte, Peru, pp. 61-88.
9. Dirzo R., Mendoza E., and Ortiz P. Size-related differential seed predation in a heavily-defaunated neotropical rain forest. Biotropica 39 (2007) 355-362
10. Dirzo R., and Miranda A. Altered patterns of herbivory and diversity in the forest understory: A case study of the possible consequences of contemporary defaunation. In: Price P., Lewingston T., Fernandes G., and Benson W. (Eds). Plant-Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions (1991), Wiley, New York 273-287
11. Dos Santos K., Kinoshita L.S., and dos Santos F.A.M. Tree species composition and similarity in semideciduous forest fragments of southeastern Brazil. Biological Conservation 135 (2007) 268-277
12. Emmons L.H. Tropical rain forests: why they have so many species and how we may lose this biodiversity without cutting a single tree. Orion 8 (1989) 8-14
13. Fa J.E., Ryan S.F., and Bell D.J. Hunting variability, ecological characteristics and harvest rates of bushmeat species in afrotropical forests. Biological Conservation 121 (2005) 167-176
14. Fa J.E., Seymour S., Dupain J., Amin R., Albrechtsen L., and Macdonald D. Getting to grips with the magnitude of exploitation: Bushmeat in the Cross-Sanaga rivers region, Nigeria and Cameroon. Biological Conservation 129 (2006) 497-510
15. Field Museum, 2006. Environmental Conservation Program 1999 Neotropical Herbarium Specimens. , Neotropical Live Plant Photos. .
16. Fleury M., and Galetti M. Forest fragment size and microhabitat effects on palm seed predation. Biological Conservation 131 (2006) 1-13
17. Forget P.M., Hammond D.S., Mileron T., and Thomas R. Seasonality of fruiting and food hording by rodents in Neotropical forests: Consequences for seed dispersal and seedling recruitment. In: Levey D.J., Silva W.R., and Galetti M. (Eds). Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology Evolution and Conservation (2002), CAB International, Wallingford 241-256
18. Forget P.M., and Jansen P. Hunting increases dispersal limitation in the tree Carapa procera, a non-timber forest product. Conservation Biology 21 (2007) 106-113
19. Foster R.B. Long-term change in the successional forest community of the Rio Manu floodplain. In: Gentry A.H. (Ed). Four Neotropical Rainforests (1990), Yale University Press, New Haven 565-572
20. Galetti M., Donatti C.I., Pires A.S., Guimaraes P.R., and Jordano P. Seed survival and dispersal of an endemic Atlantic forest palm: the combined effects of defaunation and forest fragmentation. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 151 (2006) 141-149
21. Ganzhorn J.U., Fietz J., Rakotovao E., Schwab D., and Zinner D. Lemurs and the regeneration of dry deciduous forest in Madagascar. Conservation Biology 13 (1999) 794-804
22. Gavin M.C. Foraging in the fallows: Hunting patterns across a successional continuum in the Peruvian Amazon. Biological Conservation 134 (2007) 64-72
23. Geiselman, C.K., Mori, S.A., Blanchard, F., 2006. Database of Neotropical bat/plant interactions. .
24. Gentry A.H. Changes in Plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75 (1988) 1-75
25. Gentry A.H., and Terborgh J. Composition and dynamics of the Cocha Cashu "mature" floodplain forest. In: Gentry A.H. (Ed). Four Neotropical Rainforests (1990), Yale University Press, New Haven 542-564
26. Hardesty B.D., Hubbell S.P., and Bermingham E. Genetic evidence of frequent long-distance recruitment in a vertebrate-dispersed tree. Ecology Letters 9 (2006) 516-525
27. Harms K.E., Wright S.J., Calderon O., Hernandez A., and Herre E.A. Pervasive density-dependent recruitment enhances seedling diversity in a tropical forest. Nature 404 (2000) 493-495
28. Haugaasen T., and Peres C.A. Mammal assemblage structure in Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 21 (2005) 133-145
29. Howe H.F. Bird activity and seed dispersal of a tropical wet forest tree. Ecology 58 (1977) 539-550
30. Howe H.F. Implications of seed dispersal by animals for management of tropical reserves. Biological Conservation 30 (1984) 261-281
31. Huerta M.A.O. Fragmentation patterns and implications for biodiversity conservation in three biosphere reserves and surrounding regional environments, northeastern Mexico. Biological Conservation 134 (2007) 83-95
32. Janson C.H. Adaptation of fruit morphology to dispersal in a Neotropical forest. Science 219 (1983) 187-189
33. Janson C.H., and Emmons L.H. Ecological Structure of the nonflying mammal community at Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Manu National Park, Peru. In: Gentry A.H. (Ed). Four Neotropical Forests (1990), Yale University Press, New Haven 314-338
34. Janzen D.H. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104 (1970) 501-528
35. Kalliola R., Puhakka M., and Danjoy W. Amazonia Peruana: Vegetación Humeda Tropical en el Llano Subandino (1993), Gummerus Printing, Jyvaskyla, Finland
36. Knogge C., and Heymann E.W. Seed dispersal by sympatric tamarins Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis: diversity and characteristics of plant species. Folia Primatologica 74 (2003) 33-47
37. Laurance W.F. The alteration of biotic interactions in fragmented tropical forests. In: Burslem D.F.R.P., Pinard M.A., and Hartley S.E. (Eds). Biotic Interactions in the Tropics: Their Role in the Maintenance of Species Diversity (2005), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 441-458
38. Lee R.J., Gorog A.J., Dwiyahreni A., Siwu S., Riley J., Alexander H., Paoli G.D., and Ramono W. Wildlife trade and its implications for law enforcement in Indonesia: a case study from North Sulawesi. Biological Conservation 123 (2005) 477-488
39. Levey D.J., Moermond T.C., and Denslow J.S. In: McDade L.A., Bawa K.S., Hespenheide H.A., and Hartshorn G.S. (Eds). La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest (1994), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 282-294
40. Liddle D.T., Brook B.W., Mathews J., Taylor S.M., and Caley P. Threat and response: A decade of decline in a regionally threatened rainforest palm affected by fire and introduced animals. Biological Conservation 132 (2006) 362-375
41. Lopes de Melo F.P., Dirzo R., and Tabarelli M. Biased seed rain in forest edges: Evidence from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biological Conservation 132 (2006) 50-60
42. Malhi, Y. et al., 2004. Wood productivity and net primary productivity in 100 Neotropical forests. Global Change Biology 10, 563-591.
43. Marshall A.J., Nardiyono, Engstrom L.M., Parmungkas B., Palapa J., Meijaard E., and Stanley S.A. The blowgun is mightier than the chainsaw in determining density of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in the forests of East Kalimantan. Biological Conservation 129 (2006) 566-578
44. Muller-Landau H.C. Predicting the long-term effects of hunting on plant species composition and diversity in tropical forests. Biotropica 39 (2007) 372-384
45. Myers N., and Knoll A. The biotic crisis and the future of evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (2001) 5389-5392
46. Nunez-Iturri, G., 2007. The effects of hunting on the regeneration of trees in mature floodplain forests in southeastern Peru. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Illinois, Chicago.
47. Nunez-Iturri G., and Howe H.F. Bushmeat and the fate of trees with seeds dispersed by large primates in a lowland rain forest in Western Amazonia. Biotropica 39 (2007) 348-354
48. Peres C.A. General guidelines for standardizing line-transect surveys of tropical forest primates. Neotropical Primates 7 (1999) 11-16
49. Peres C.A. Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate community structure in Amazonian forests. Conservation Biology 14 (2000) 240-253
50. Peres C.A., and Palacios E. Basin-wide effects of vertebrate game harvest in Amazonian forests: Implications for animal-mediated seed dispersal. Biotropica 39 (2007) 304-315
51. Peres C.A., and van Roosmalen M. Patterns of primate frugivory in Amazonia and the Guianan shield: implications to the demography of large-seeded plants in overhunted tropical forests. In: Levey D.J., Silva W.R., and Galetti M. (Eds). Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation (2002), CAB International, Wallingford 407-421
52. Peres C.A., and Zimmerman B. Perils in parks or parks in peril? Reconciling conservation in Amazonian reserves with and without use. Conservation Biology 15 (2001) 793-797
53. Phillips O.L. The changing ecology of tropical forests. Biodiversity Conservation 6 (1997) 291-311
54. Phillips O., Gentry A.H., Reynel C., Wilkin P., and Galvez-Durand C. Quantitative ethnobotany and Amazonian conservation. Conservation Biology 8 (1994) 225-248
55. Phillips, O.L. et al., 2004. Pattern and processes in Amazon tree turnover, 1976-2001. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B. 359, 381-407 (doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1438).
56. Pitman N.C.A., Terborgh J., Silman M.R., Nuñez P., Nelly D.A., Ceron C.E., Palacios W.A., and Aulestia M. Dominance and distribution of tree species in upper Amazonian terra firme forests. Ecology 82 (2001) 2101-2117
57. Redford K.H. The empty forest. Bioscience 42 (1992) 412-422
58. Robinson J.G., Redford K.H., and Bennett E.L. Wildlife harvest in logged tropical forests. Science 284 (1999) 595-596
59. Roldan A.I., and Simonetti J.A. Plant-mammal interactions in tropical Bolivian forests with different hunting pressures. Conservation Biology 15 (2001) 617-623
60. van Roosmalen, M., 1985. Fruits of the Guianan Flora. Institute of Systematic Botany, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
61. Russo S. Response of dispersal agents to tree and fruit traits in Virola calophylla (Myristicaceae): implications for selection. Oecologia 136 (2003) 80-87
62. Satterthwaite F.E. An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components. Biometrics Bulletin 2 (1946) 110-114
63. Silman M.R., Terborgh J., and Kiltie R.A. Population regulation of a dominant rain forest tree by a major seed predator. Ecology 84 (2003) 431-438
64. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 2006. Plant Image Database. .
65. Solomon, J., 2006. Missouri Botanical Garden 2006 Neotropical Plant Data Base. .
66. Stevenson P.R. Seed dispersal by wooly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) at Tinigua National Park, Colombia: Dispersal distance, germination rates, and dispersal quantity. American Journal of Primatology 50 (2000) 275-289
67. Stoner K.E., Riba-Hernandez P., Vilunec K., and Lambert J.E. The role of mammals in creating and modifying seedshadows in tropical forests and some possible consequences of their elimination. Biotropica 39 (2007) 316-327
68. Stoner K.E., Vilunec K., Wright S.J., and Peres C.A. Hunting and plant community dynamics in tropical forests: A synthesis and future directions. Biotropica 39 (2007) 385-392
69. Symington, M.M., 1987. Ecological and social correlates of party size in the black spider monkey, Ateles paniscus chamek. Ph. D. thesis. Princeton University, Princeton.
70. Terborgh, J., 1983. Five New World Primates. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
71. Terborgh J., and Nunez-Iturri G. Disperser-free tropical forests await an unhappy fate. In: Peres C.A., and Lawrance W.F. (Eds). Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests (2006), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 241-252
72. Terborgh J., and Wright S.J. Effects of mammalian herbivores on plant recruitment in two Neotropical forests. Ecology 75 (1994) 1829-1833
73. Whiteman C.W., Matushima E.R., Confalonieri U.E.C., Palha M.D.C., da Silva A.S.L., and Monteiro V.C. Human and domestic animal populations as a potential treat to wild carnivore conservation in a fragmented landscape from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Biological Conservation 138 (2007) 290-296
74. Wright S.J. The myriad effects of hunting for vertebrates and plants in tropical forests. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 6 (2003) 73-86
75. Wright S.J., Hernandez A., and Condit R. The bushmeat harvest alters seed banks by favoring large seeds, and seeds dispersed by bats, birds, and wind. Biotropica 39 (2007) 363-371
76. Wright S.J., Zeballos H., Dominguez I., Gallardo M.M., Moreno M.C., and Ibanez R. Poachers alter mammal abundance, seed dispersal, and seed predation in a Neotropical forest. Conservation Biology 14 (2000) 227-239
77. Zhang S.Y., and Wang L.X. Fruit consumption and seed dispersal of Ziziphus cinamomomum (Rhamnaceae) by two sympatric primates (Cebus apella and Ateles paniscus) in French Guiana. Biotropica 27 (1995) 397-401