Recognition of earthquake-related damage in archaeological sites: Examples from the Dead Sea fault zone

Tectonophysics

Volumn 453, Issue 1-4, 2008, Pages 148-156

  Marco, Shmuel ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Active faults; Archaeoseismology; Dead Sea fault; Earthquake damage; Earthquakes

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; DATA ACQUISITION; EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE; EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; LIQUEFACTION; SEISMIC DATA; SEISMIC ZONE; SEISMOLOGY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION;

ASIA; DEAD SEA; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 44649163311     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.04.011     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Agnon A., Migowski C., and Marco S. Intraclast breccia layers in laminated sequences: recorders of paleo-earthquakes. In: Enzel Y., Agnon A., and Stein M. (Eds). New Frontiers in Dead Sea Paleoenvironmental Research (2006), Geological Society of America 195-214
2. Ambraseys N.N. Value of historical records of earthquakes. Nature 232 (1971) 375-379
3. Ambraseys N.N. Earth sciences in archaeology and history. Antiquity 47 (1973) 229-230
4. Ambraseys N.N. Earthquakes and archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 33 (2006) 1008-1016
5. Ambraseys N.N., and Barazangi M. The 1759 earthquake in the Bekaa valley. Implications for earthquake hazard assessment in the eastern Mediterranean region. Journal Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 4007-4013
6. Ambraseys N.N., and Jackson J.A. Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Geophysical Journal International 133 (1998) 390-406
7. Ambraseys N.N., and Melville C.P. An analysis of the eastern Mediterranean earthquake of 20 May 1202. In: Lee W.K.H., Meyers H., and Shimazaki K. (Eds). Historical Seismograms and Earthquakes of the World (1988), California, Academic Press, San Diego 181-200
8. Ambraseys N.N., Melville C.P., and Adams R.D. The seismicity of Egypt, Arabia, and the Red Sea: a historical review (1994), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 181 pp.
9. Amiran D.H.K., Arieh E., and Turcotte T. Earthquakes in Israel and adjacent areas: Macroseismic observations since 100 B.C.E. Israel Exploration Journal 44 (1994) 260-305
10. Belitzky S., and Garfinkel Y. Late Pleistocene and Holocene tectonic deformation at the Gesher site, Kinnarot Valley, Dead Sea Rift. Israel Journal of Earth-Sciences 54 (2005) 133-143
11. Bicanic N., Stirling C., and Pearce C.J. Discontinuous modelling of masonry bridges. Computational Mechanics 31 (2003) 60-68
12. Blasi C., and Foraboschi P. Analytical approach to collapse mechanisms of circular masonry arch. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 120 (1994) 2288-2309
13. Boothby T.E., Domalik D.E., and Dalal V.A. Service load response of masonry arch bridges. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 124 (1998) 17-23
14. Braun D., Ron H., and Marco S. Magnetostratigraphy of the hominid tool bearing Erk el Ahmar formation in the northern Dead Sea Rift. Israel Journal of Earth-Science 40 (1991) 191-197
15. Caputo R. Ground effects of large morphogenic earthquakes. Journal of Geodynamics 40 (2005) 113-118
16. Caputo R., and Helly B. Archaeological evidences of past earthquakes: a contribution to the Sha of Thessaly, central Greece. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 9 (2005) 199-222
17. Caputo, R., Helly, B., 2008-this volume. The use of distinct disciplines to investigate past earthquakes. Tectonophysics. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.05.007.
18. Daëron M., Klinger Y., Tapponnier P., Elias A., Jacques E., and Sursock A. Sources of the large AD 1202 and 1759 Near East earthquakes. Geology 33 (2005) 529-532
19. De Luca A., Giordano A., and Mele E. A simplified procedure for assessing the seismic capacity of masonry arches. Engineering Structures 26 (2004) 1915-1929
20. Ellenblum R., Marco S., Agnon A., Rockwell T., and Boas A. Crusader castle torn apart by earthquake at dawn, 20 May 1202. Geology 26 (1998) 303-306
21. Galadini F., and Galli P. Archaeoseismology in Italy: case studies and implications on long-term seismicity. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 5 (2001) 35-68
22. Guccione M.J. Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoseismology of an intraplate seismic zone in a large alluvial valley, the New Madrid seismic zoned Central USA. Tectonophysics 408 (2005) 237-264
23. Guidoboni E. Comments on "Archaeoseismology in Italy: case studies and implications on long-term seismicity" [J. Earthq. Engrg.5(1) [2001], pp. 35-68]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 7 (2003) 329-335
24. Guidoboni E., and Comastri A. Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Area from the 11th to the 15th Century (2005), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica, Bologna 1037 pp.
25. Guidoboni E., Comastri A., and Traina G. Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area up to the 10th Century (1994), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica, Bologna 504 pp.
26. Guidoboni E., Muggia A., Marconi C., and Boschi E. A case study in archaeoseismology. The collapses of the Selinunte temples (Southwestern Sicily): two earthquakes identified. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92 (2002) 2961-2982
27. Hancock P.L., and Altunel E. Faulted archaeological relics at Hierapolis (Pamukkale), Turkey. Journal of Geodynamics 24 (1997) 21-36
28. Haynes J.M., Niemi T.M., and Atallah M. Evidence for ground-rupturing earthquakes on the Northern Wadi Araba fault at the archaeological site of Qasr Tilah, Dead Sea transform fault system, Jordan. Journal of Seismology 10 (2006) 415-430
29. Jacoby G.C. Application of tree ring analysis to paleoseismology. Reviews of Geophysics 35 (1997) 109-124
30. Kamai, R., and Hatzor, Y.H., in press, Numerical analysis of block displacements in ancient masonry structures: a new method to estimate historic ground motions: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. doi:10.1002/nag.671.
31. Karcz I. Implications of some early Jewish sources for estimates of earthquake hazard in the Holy Land. Annals of Geophysics 47 (2004) 759-792
32. Karcz I., and Kafri U. Evaluation of suposed archaeoseismic damage in Israel. Journal Archaeological Science 5 (1978) 237-253
33. Karcz I., Kafri U., and Meshel Z. Archaeological evidence for Subrecent seismic activity along the Dead Sea-Jordan Rift. Nature 269 (1977) 234-235
34. Ken-Tor R., Agnon A., Enzel Y., Marco S., Negendank J.F.W., and Stein M. High-resolution geological record of historic earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin. Journal of Geophysical Research 106 (2001) 2221-2234
35. Klinger Y., Avouac J.P., Dorbath L., Abou-Karaki N., and Tisnerat N. Seismic behaviour of the Dead Sea Fault along Araba Valley, Jordan. Geophysical Journal International 142 (2000) 769-782
36. Koukouvelas I.K., Stamatopoulos L., Katsonopoulou D., and Pavlides S. A palaeoseismological and geoarchaeological investigation of the Eliki fault, Gulf of Corinth, Greece. Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 531-543
37. Leroy S.A.G., and Marco S. Annual-resolution palynological analyses of two earthquake events in the Dead Sea: 31 BC and AD 363 and their impact on agriculture. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting (2006), Philadelphia
38. Lin A.M., and Lin S.J. Tree damage and surface displacement: the 1931 M 8.0 Fuyun earthquake. Journal of Geology 106 (1998) 751-757
39. Mallet R. Great Neapolitan Earthquake of 1857. The First Principles of Observational Seismology vol. I-II (1862), Chapman and Hall, London (fasc edn, SGA, Italy)
40. Marco S., Agnon A., Ellenblum R., Eidelman A., Basson U., and Boas A. 817-year-old walls offset sinistrally 2.1 m by the Dead Sea Transform, Israel. Journal of Geodynamics 24 (1997) 11-20
41. Marco S., Hartal M., Hazan N., Lev L., and Stein M. Archaeology, history, and geology of the A.D. 749 earthquake, Dead Sea transform. Geology 31 (2003) 665-668 10.1130/G19516.1
42. Marco S., Rockwell T.K., Heimann A., Frieslander U., and Agnon A. Late Holocene slip of the Dead Sea Transform revealed in 3D palaeoseismic trenches on the Jordan Gorge segment. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234 (2005) 189-205
43. Marco S., Agnon A., Ussishkin D., and Finkelstein I. Megiddo Earthquakes. In: Ussishkin D., and Finkelstein I. (Eds). Megiddo vol. IV (2006) 568-575 Tel Aviv
44. Meghraoui M., Gomez F., Sbeinati R., derWoerd J.V., Mouty M., Darkal A.N., Radwan Y., Layyous I., Najjar H.A., Darawcheh R., Hijazi F., Al-Ghazzi R., and Barazangi M. Evidence for 830 years of seismic quiescence from palaeoseismology, archaeoseismology and historical seismicity along the Dead Sea fault in Syria. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 210 (2003) 35-52
45. Migowski C., Agnon A., Bookman R., Negendank J.F.W., and Stein M. Recurrence pattern of Holocene earthquakes along the Dead Sea transform revealed by varve-counting and radiocarbon dating of lacustrine sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 222 (2004) 301-314
46. Monaco C., and Tortorici L. Faulting and effects of earthquakes on Minoan archaeological sites in Crete (Greece). Tectonophysics 382 (2004) 103-116
47. Nadel D., Belitzky S., Boaretto E., Carmi I., Heinemeier J., Werker E., and Marco S. New dates from submerged Late Pleistocene sediments in the southern Sea of Galilee, Israel. Radiocarbon 43 (2001) 1167-1178
48. Niemi T.M., Zhang H., Atallah M., and Harrison B.J. Late Pleistocene and Holocene slip rate of the Northern Wadi Araba fault, Dead Sea Transform, Jordan. Journal of Seismology 5 (2001) 449-474
49. Nur A., and Cline E.H. Poseidon's horses: plate tectonics and earthquake storms in the Late Bronze Age Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Archaeological Science 27 (2000) 43-63
50. Reches Z., and Hoexter D.F. Holocene seismic and tectonic activity in the Dead Sea area. Tectonophysics 80 (1981) 235-254
51. Sbeinati M.R., Darawcheh R., and Mouty M. The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Annals of Geophysics 48 (2005) 347-435
52. Segal A. The Churches of Sussita, Interim Report at the End of Seven Excavation Seasons (2000-2006) (2007). http://hippos.haifa.ac.il/hipposchurches.htm http://hippos.haifa.ac.il/hipposchurches.htm.
53. Shaked Y., Agnon A., Lazar B., Marco S., Avner U., and Stein M. Large earthquakes kill coral reefs at the NW Gulf of Aqaba. Terra Nova 16 (2004) 133-138
54. Sieberg A. Erdbebengeographie, Handbuch der Geophysik, Band IV (1932), Borntraeger, Berlin 527-1005
55. Silva P.G., Borja F., Zazo C., Goy J.L., Bardaji T., De Luque L., Lario J., and Dabrio C.J. Archaeoseismic record at the ancient Roman City of Baelo Claudia (Cadiz, south Spain). Tectonophysics 408 (2005) 129-146
56. Sinopoli A., Corradi M., and Foce F. Modern formulation for preelastic theories on masonry arches. Journal of Engineering Mechanics-Asce 123 (1997) 204-213
57. Stiros, S., and Jones, R.E., 1996, Archaeoseismology, in Whitbread, I.K., ed.: Athens, Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration, and The British School at Athens, p. 268.
58. Tuttle M.P., and Schweig E.S. Archaeological and pedological evidence for large prehistoric earthquakes in the New-Madrid Seismic Zone, Central United-States. Geology 23 (1995) 253-256
59. Wechsler N., Marco S., and Zingboim O. An earthquake-induced landslide offset an archaeological site near the Sea of Galilee, Dead Sea Transform. In: Schilman B., Harlavan Y., Hamiel Y., and Calvo R. (Eds) (2004), Israel Geological Society Annual Meeting, Hagoshrim 118
60. Wechsler N., Katz O., and Marco S. Estimating location and size of historical earthquakes by geo-archaeological study of Um-El-Kanatir, Dead Sea Fault, First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. Geneva (2006) P584B
61. Wechsler N., Marco S., and Katz O. Estimating historical earthquakes parameters using archeology and geology in Um-El-Kanatir, Dead Sea Transform, Seismological Society of America annual meeting. Seismological Research Letters 77 (2006) 247
62. Wells A., Duncan R.P., and Stewart G.H. Forest dynamics in Westland, New Zealand: the importance of large, infrequent earthquake-induced disturbance. Journal of Ecology 89 (2001) 1006-1018
63. Yang X.Y., Xia Z.K., and Ye M.L. Prehistoric disasters at Lajia Site, Qinghai, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 48 (2003) 1877-1881
64. Zhang B.C., Liao Y.H., Guo S.M., Wallace R.E., Bucknam R.C., and Hanks T.C. Fault Scarps Related to the 1739 Earthquake and Seismicity of the Yinchuan Graben, Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu, China. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76 (1986) 1253-1287