The historical earthquakes of Syria: An analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D

Annals of Geophysics

Volumn 48, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 347-435

  Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda ^a   Darawcheh, Ryad ^a   Mouty, Mikhail ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY   (Syrian Arab Republic)

^b DAMASCUS UNIVERSITY   (Syrian Arab Republic)

Author keywords

Dead Sea fault system; Eastern Mediterranean; Historical earthquakes; Historical sources; Lebanon; Seismic hazards; Syria

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKE; FAULT ZONE; HISTORICAL RECORD; PALEOSEISMICITY;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST; SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC; WORLD;

EID: 27744476641     PISSN: 15935213     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (396)

1. 'Abd Al-Basit, Nail Al-amal fi Dhail Al-Duwal, Bodleian Ms. Huntington 610.
2. 'Abd Al-Latif, Kitab Al-Ifada, facsimile edited and translated by K.H. Zand, J.A. Videan and I.E. Videan, The Eastern Key, London 1965; also translated by Silvestre de Sacy, Relation, de l'Egypte, Paris 1810.
3. Abu'l-Fada'il, Tarikh Mansuri, facsimile edited by P.A. Gryazevitch, Moscow 1960.
4. Abu'l-Fada'il, Al-Tarikh Al-Mansuri, facsimile edited by Abu Al-Eid Doudou, Damascus 1982.
5. Abu Al-Fida, E., Al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar Al-Bashar, vols. 2-4, Dar Al-kitab Al-Lubnani, Beirut 1970.
6. Abu Al-Faraj (Bar Hebraeus), Chronography, translated by E.A.W. Budge, London 1932.
7. Abu Shama, Al-Raudhtein fi Akhbar Al-Dawlatein, edited by Muhammad Hilmi Muhammad Ahmad, 2 vols., Cairo 1956-1962.
8. Abu Shama, Dhail 'ala Al-Roudatain, edited by M. Zahid Al-Kauthari, Cairo 1947.
9. Agapius of Menbij, Kitab Al-Unwan, edited by A. Vasiliev, Patrologia Orientalis, VIII, Fasc. 3, Paris 1921.
10. Agathias, in Patrologie Grecque (PG), edited by J.P. Migne, 88, Col. 1359, 1360.
11. Agathias, Historiae, edited by R. Keydell, CFHB 2, Berlin 1967; translated by J.D. Frendo, The Histories, Berlin and New-York 1975.
12. Al-'Aini, Iqd Al-Juman fi Tarikh ahl Al-Zaman, Paris Ms. Arabe 1543 (621-79 H) and 1544 (799-832 H).
13. Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Anbaa' Al-Ghamer bi A'nbaa' Al-Oumer, edited by Hasan Habashi, Cairo 1969-1972.
14. Al-Assadi, Kh. (1984): Ahiyaa Halab wa Asswaqouha, Ministry of Education (Pub.) Damascus.
15. Albert Milioli, Cronica Imperatorum, Mon. German Hist. Ss. vol. 31.
16. Al-Boustani, B., Dairet Al-Maaref (Arab Encyclopedia), vol. 9, Beirut 1887, 239-242.
17. Al-Budayri Al-Halak, A Hawadith Dimashq Al-Yawmiyya bayn 1741 wa 1762, edited, by A.I. Karim, Cairo 1959.
18. Al-Da'udi, continuator of Al-Suyuti, in Kashf Al-Salsala, 62-64; also edited by Al-Hafiz, 1982.
19. Al-Dawadari, Abu Bakr Ibn Aybak, Kanz Al-Durar wa Jamea Al-Ghurar, Cairo 1972.
20. Al-Dhahabi, Tarikh Al-Islam wa-Tabaqat Mashahir Al-Islam, edited by H.D. Al-Qadsi, V, Cairo no date (?1369/1950).
21. Al-Dhahabi, Kitab Al-'ibar fi Khabar Man Ghabar, edited by S. Munajjid, 5 vols., Kuwait 1960-1966.
22. Al-Dwyhy, Astafanos, Tarikh Al-Azmineh, Al-Mashreq Journal, vol. 44, Beirut 1951.
23. Al-Ghazi, K.A. (N.D): The seismicity in Damascus region, Al-Mashreq Journal, vol. 6.
24. Al-Ghazzi, Kamil, Nahr Al-thahab fi Tarikh Halap, 3 vols., Maronian Publisher, Aleppo 1926.
25. Al-Hamawi, Yaqut, see Yaqut Al-Hamawi.
26. Al-Hamawi, Muhammad Ibn Ali (1963): Al-Tarikh Al-Mansouri, Moscow.
27. Al-Hamawi, Muhammad Ibn Ali, Mukhtasar Siyar Al-Awail wa Al-Muluk wa Wasilat Al-Abd Al-Mamluk, Bibliotheque Nationale, Ms. Ar. 1507, 177a.
28. Al-Isfahani, Kitab Ta'rikh Sani Muluk Al-Ard wa'l-Anbiya, edited by Gottwald, Leipzig 1848.
29. Al-Isfahani, Hamza, Tarikh Sim Muluk Al-Ard wa At-Anbiya, Berlin 1921.
30. Al-Jalabi, D., Ikhtiar Zoubdet Al-Athar Al-Jaliya fil 'L-Hawadith Al-Ardiya, Al-Najaf 1974.
31. Al-Maqrizi, Itti'az Al-Hunafa fi Akhbar Al-A'imma Al-Fatimiyyin Al-Khulafa, edited by J. Shayyal, 3 vols., Cairo 1967-1973.
32. Al-Maqrizi (1970-1973): Al-Suluk Li-maarifat Dual Al-Muluk, edited by Mouhammed Mustafa Ziyadah, voll. 1-2, Cairo 1939-1958; edited by Sa'id Abd Al-Fattah Ashour, voll. 3-4, Cairo.
33. Al-Mashreq Journal, Damascus.
34. Al-Nablsi, Abd Al-Ghani, Manuscript (see Al-Hafiz).
35. Al-Sakhawi, Al-Dau Al-lami' Li-ahl Al-qarn Al-tasi', 12 vols., Cairo 1934-1936.
36. Al-Sayrafi, Ali Ibn Dawood, Nuzhet Al-nufus wa Al-Abdan fi Tawarikh Al-Zaman, edited by Hasan Habashi, Cairo 1973.
37. Al-Shihaby, A., Al-Ghouras Al-Hissan fi Twarikh Hawadeth Al-Azman, Egypt 1900.
38. Al-Suyutt, Jalal Ed-Din, Kashf Al-Salsala an Wasf Al-Zalzala, edited by A. Saadani, Fez 1971; French translation by S. Al-Najjar, Cahiers du Centre Universitaire de la Recherche Scientifique, Rabat 1974.
39. Al-Suyuti, Jalal Ed-Din, Kashf Al-Salsala an Wasf Al-zalzala (Al-Dar Library), edited by A.A. Al-Fryouai, Al-Madineh Al-Mounara 1984.
40. Al-Tabakh Al-Halabi, Ragheb, Mouthakarat Tarikhieh Lemadinet Halap, 3 vols., Aleppo 1925.
41. Al-Tabakh Al-Halabi, Ragheb, Aalam Al-Noubala'a bi Tarikh Halab Al-Shahba'a, Aleppo.
42. Al-Tabbakh, Muhammad (1923): Ilam Al-Nubala, I, Aleppo, 205.
43. Al-Tabari, M. Ibn Jarir, Tarikh Al-Russol wa Al-Muluk, edited J.M. de Goerje, 3 vols. in 15, Leiden 1879-1901.
44. Al-Tabari, M. Ibn Jarir, Tarikh Al-Oumam wa Al-Mouluk, vol. 8, Cairo 1939.
45. Al-Tabari M. Ibn Jarir, Tarikh Al-Russol wa Al-Muluk, edited by Mouhammed Abul-Fadhel Ibrahim, voll. 1-10, Cairo 1960-1969.
46. Al-'Ulami, Al-Uns Al-Jalil Bi-tarikh Al-Quds wa 'l-Khalil, Cairo 1283/ 1866; abr. translated by J. Sauvaire, Histoir de Jerusalem et d'Hebron, Paris 1876; also 2 vols., Najaf 1388/1968.
47. Al-'Umari, Y. Al-Khatib, Ghayat Al-Masary fi Tarikh Al-Mahasen, Bagdad 1917.
48. Al-'Umair, Y. Al-Khatib, Ghraeb Al-Athar fi Hawadith Rouba Al-Karn Al-Thaleth Ashar, Mosel 1940.
49. Al-'Umari, Y. Al-Khatib, Mouniet Al-Oudabaa fi Tarikh Al-Mosel Al-Hadbaa, Mosel 1955.
50. Al-'Umari, Y. Al-Khatib, Al-Athar Al-Jaliya fi'l-hawadith Al-Ardhiya, Ms. Iraqi Academy, Baghdad, also BL Or. 6300.
51. Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh, edited by T. Houstsma, 2 vols., Leiden 1883.
52. Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh Al-Ya'qubi, voll. 1-2, Beirut 1960.
53. Anastase le Bibliothécaire, Histoire Ecclésiastique (Byzantin IX).
54. Annales 5689, Annales Terrae Sanctae, Bibliotèque Nationale de France, Paris, Fond Latin, no. 5689, Extr. Archives de l'Orient Latin, vol. 2.
55. Annales de Terre Sainte, edited by G. Raynaud and R. Rohricht, Archives de l'Orient Latin, vol. 2b, 1884.
56. Anonymous, Manah Al-Rabaniyya, Paris Ms. Arab. 1536.
57. Anonymous, Chronicum, CSCO 56, 254-255.
58. Anonymous Pilgrim, in Queen's College Oxford, Ms. 357, fol. 33ro.; also BL Ms. Haerleian 2333, fol. 30ro.
59. Archives Historiques Ch. Comm. Marseille, AA/340/1759-60.
60. Archives Nationales (ANF), Affaires Etrangères (AE). (Bi/978 'Acre'), (Bi/973 'Aleppo'), (Cor. Pol., Turquie voll. 193, 194), (Libraries & Archives), Paris.
61. Archives Nationales (ANF), Affaires Etrangères (AE), vol. 26, 177-181, (Libraries & Archives), Paris.
62. Atsiz, C.N. (1961): Osmanli Tarihine air Takvimler, Istanbul.
63. Baethgen, F., Fragmente Syrischer und Arabischer Historiker. Abbandlungen f. die Kunde des Morgenlandes, VIII/3, Leipzig 1884.
64. Bar Hebraeus, Girgis Abu Al-Faraj, Chronography, edited by P. Bedjan, Gregorii Bahebraei Chronicon Syriacum, Paris 1890; translated by E.A.W. Budge, The chronography of Gregory Abul-Faraj, London 1932.
65. Barletta Ms. in Kohler (1900-1901).
66. Başbakanlik Osmanli Arşivi (BBA), Mühimme Defteri (MD), (7.797), (Libraries & Archives), Istanbul.
67. Başbakanlik Osmanli Arşivi (BBA), Cevdet-Maliye (CM), (27741), (Libraries & Archives), Istanbul.
68. Başbakanlik Osmanli Arşivi (BBA), Maliyeden Müdevver Defterler (MMD), (3609.570), (Libraries & Archives), Istanbul.
69. Ben Zvi (Editor), Edut Bi-Jhossef, Daron 40, Jerusalem 1933.
70. Bibliotheek Ruksuniversiteit (BRG), (Ms., no. 997, 90-91), (Libraries & Archives), Gnt.
71. Bibliothek Vadiana (BV), (Ms., no. S. 66d, p. 40), (Libraries & Archives), St. Gall.
72. Broughton, Th.R.Sh. (1935): Some non-colonial coloni of Augustus, Trans. Proc. Am. Philol. Assoc., 66, 18-24.
73. Broughton, Th.R.Sh. (1938): An Economic Survey of Ancient Roma (The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore), vol. IV.
74. Bücheler, F. (1882): Coniectanea, Kleine Schriften, II, Leipzig-Berlin 1927, 444-463.
75. Caetani, L. (1913-1923): Chronographia Islamica ossia Riassunto Chronologico della Storia di Tutti i Popoli Musulmani, 5 vols., Paris.
76. Cameron Averil (1970): Agathias, Oxford.
77. Cedrenus, Georgios, Histoir (XI Byzantin) in PG, edited by J.P. Migne, col. 569, 719.
78. Cedrenus, Georgius, Synopsis Historiarum, edited by I. Bekker, Bonn 1838-1839.
79. Chandler, Tertius (1964): Date of the earthquake at Ugharit, J. Syria, XLI 81-182.
80. Cevdet, 1309/1893, Cevdet tarhi, Istanbul.
81. Chronicle of 724 = Chronicon Miscellaneum ad A.D. 724 Pertinens, edited by E.W.Brooks, in Chronica minora, II, CSCO 3 Syr. 3, Louvain 1960 (repr.), 77-155; Latin translation by J.B. Chabot, CSCO 4 Syr. 4, Louvain 1960 (repr.), 61-119.
82. Chronicle of 819 = Chronicon Anonymum ad AD. 819 Pertinens, edited by A. Barsaum, CSCO 81 Syr. 36, Louvain, 1953 (repr.), 3-22; Latin translation by J.-B. Chabot, CSCO 109 Syr. 56, Louvain 1937, 1-16.
83. Chronicle of 846 = Chronicon A.D.846 pertinens, edited by E.W. Brooks, in Chronica minora, II, CSCO 3 Syr. 3, Louvain 1960 (repr.), 157-238; Latin translation by J.B. Chabot.
84. Chronicle of 1234 = Chronicon ad Annum Christi 1234 Pertinens, edited by J.B. Chabot, 2 vols., CSCO 81-82 Syr. 36-37, Louvain 1953 (repr.); Latin translation of Part I by J.B. Chabot, CSCO 109 Syr. 56, Louvain 1937; French translation of part II by A. Abouna, CSCO 354 Syr. 154, Louvain, 1974.
85. Chronicon Edessenum, edited by I. Guidi, in Chronica minora, I, CSCO 1 Syr. 1, Louvain 1960 (repr.), 1-13; Latin translation by I. Guidi, CSCO 2 Syr. 2, Louvain 1955 (repr.), 1-11.
86. Chronicon Maroniticum, edited by E.W. Brooks, in Chronica minora II, CSCO 3 Syr. 3, Louvain 1960 (repr.), 43-74; Latin translation by J.-B. Chabot, CSCO 4 Syr. 4, Louvain 1960 (repr.), 37-57.
87. Chronicon Pseudo-Dionysus of Tell-Mahre, Incerti Auctoris Chronicon Pseudo-Dionysianum Vulgo Dictum, edited by J.B. Chabot, CSCO, Vol. 121, Scripores Syri, no. 66, Louvain 1949.
88. Chronique de Terre Sainte, 1131-1224, in Gestes des Chiprois, edited by G. Raynaud, Publ. Soc. de l'Orient Lat., Vol. 5, Paris 1887 (repr. Osnabruck 1968).
89. Chronography, edited by Bar Hebraeus, II 144.
90. Clementoni, G. (1989): Tiberio e il Problema della Protezione Civile, in Sordi (1989a), 167-183.
91. Consular Archives: Foreign Office. London (FO 195/39.1796. Aleppo. Istanbul. Alexandria: FO, 78/110-112.1822-3 Aleppo. Istanbul also FO 195/ 112: also for other years under Levant); India Office Records. London (IO SP 105/140.1822-4. Aleppo. Antioch. Suedia; also for other years); Archives Nationales, Paris (AN B1/1042/169-204,1822 Aleppo, Saida, Levant; also for other years).
92. Dahman, M.A. (Editor) (1948): Zalzal sanat 1173, Al-Mashriq, 42, 333-337.
93. Dahman, M.A. (1982): Fi Rihab Dimashq (published by Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus), 194-216.
94. Dargon, G. (1974): Naissance d'une Capitale, Paris.
95. Darrouzés, J. (1954, 1957, 1958): Notes pour servir à l'histoire de Chypre, Kypriakai Spoudai, Vol. 17, 83-102; vol. 20, 33-63; vol. 22, 224-250, Nicosia.
96. D'Arvieux, L., Mémoires du Chevalier d'Arvieux etc., 6 vols., Paris 1735.
97. Deutsche Presseforschung (BDP), Universitatsbibliothek, (Libraries & Archives), Bremen-Zeitung, (Z. 20, no. 18, 1626.4.18).
98. de Vaux, Vincent O.P., L'Archéologie et les Manuscrits de Mer Morte, British Academy, Oxford 1962.
99. Diaire des Pères Lazaristes de Tripoli (XIX), 1834.
100. Diaire des Pères Jésuites de Saida (XIX).
101. Dietrich von Schachtem, in Deutshe Pilgerreisen nach dem Heiligen Lande, edited by R. Röhricht and K. Meisner, Berlin 1880 (new edition, Innsbruck 1900).
102. Dio Cassius Cocceianus, Historia Romano, Xiphilini Epitome, edited by U.P. Boissevain, Berlin 1895-1931; Dio's Roman History, edited by E. Cary, London-Cambridge (Mass.) 1914-27; The Roman History: the Region of Augustus, translated by I. Scott-Kilvert, Harmordsworth 1987.
103. Downey, G. (1938a): Seleucid chronology in Malalas, Am. J. Archaeol., 42, 106-20.
104. Downey, G. (1951): Nizam Al-Miyah fi Antakia fi Al-Ussor Al-Kadimah, translated by G. Haddad, Journal of Al-Hawlyat Al-Atharia As-Souria I, Part II, Damascus, 281-283.
105. Downey, G. (1961): A History of Antioch in Syria, Princeton.
106. Ellias of Nisibis, Opus Chrohologicum, I, edited by E.W. Brooks, CSCO 62 Syr. 21; Latin translation by E.W. Brooks, CSCO 63 Syr. 23, Paris 1910.
107. Ernoul, Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, edited by Mas Latrie, Paris 1871.
108. Erpenius, Historia Sarracernorum, translated by Girgis Ibn Al-Mansur, Leyde 1625.
109. Eusèbe, Histoir de Ecclésiastique (Byzantin V, dans Patrologie Grecque).
110. Eusèbe, Les Martyrs de Palestine.
111. Eusebius, Chronicon, edited by R. Helm, GSC 47, Berlin 1956.
112. Eusebius, I Martiri della Palestina, edited by G. del Ton, Scrinium Patristicum Lateranense, Roma 1964.
113. Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica, edited by G. Dindorf, Leipzig 1867.
114. Eutychius, see Ibn Batriq.
115. Evagrius Schlasticus, Historia Ecclesiastica, edited by J. Bidez and L. Parmentier, London 1898 (repr. Amsterdam 1964).
116. Evens, S. (1784): Journal Kept on a Journey from Bassora to Otranto, Hrsham.
117. Fiey, J.M., Assyrie Chretienne, vol. 2, Impremerie Catholique, Beyrouth 1965.
118. Findikli, Mür'it-tavanli, Bayzit Library Ms. F. 429, Istanbul.
119. Foster, R. (1902): De Libaniol, Pausania, Templo Apollinis Delphico, Album gratultorium in honorem H. van Herwerden, Utrecht, 45-54.
120. Fragmenta Historica Tusculana, edited by A. Mai, 1808-1826.
121. Francesco Amadi, Chroniques d'Amadi et de Strambaldi, Chronique d'Amadi, edited by Mas Latrie, Coll. de doc. inedit. sur l'Hist. de France, vol. 1, Paris.
122. Gazett de France (PGF), (1778.8.10,9.11), (Press), Paris.
123. Gennadius, De Viribus Illustribus, edited by W. Herding, Leipzig 1879 (repr. 1924).
124. Geoffrey of Donjon, Letter in Mayer (1972).
125. George the Monk, Chronicle, edited by C. de Boor, BT, 2 vols., Leipzig 1904.
126. Georgius Cedrenus, see Cedrenus.
127. Georgius Monachus, see George the Monk.
128. Georgius Syncellus, see Syncellus.
129. Gil, M. (1992): A History of Palestine, Cambridge, 634-1099.
130. Giovanni Lido, De Magistratibus Romanis, CSHB, 246-247, Bonnae 1837.
131. Grosdidier de Matons, J., Ronumos le Mélode, Hymnes V, Paris 1981.
132. Grumel, V. (1958): Traité d'Études Byzantines: la Chronologie, Paris.
133. Glykas, Michael, see Michael Glykas.
134. Guillaume de Tyre (XII), Histoire, livre 20, chap. 18 (ouvrage écrit en latin, traduit et continueé aprés lui sous les titres de Chroniques d'Eracles et d'Ernoul).
135. Güzelbey, C. and H. Yektin (1970): Gaziantep Şer'i Mahkeme Sicillerinden Örnekler, vol. 140, Gaziantep, 57-58.
136. Haddad, G. (1951) Anaser Al-Sukhan fi Antakia fi Al-Asr Al-Helnesti (The journal of Al-Hawlyat Al-Atharia As Souria), 1, Part I, Damascus, p. 126.
137. Hakim Memet, Vakayi Name (I), Ms. Bagdad Kosku 231, Topkapi Sarrayi Library, Istanbul.
138. Hammer, J. von, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, 10 vols., Pest.
139. Hethum of Gor'igos, Table Chronologique, Rec. Hist. Croisades. Arm., vol. 1.
140. Hethum Patmic, Chronicle, in Hakobyan (1956, p. 61).
141. Honigmann, E. (1952): A propos de Pompéïopolis de «Mysie», Byzantion 22, 301-304.
142. Hrozny, B. (1932): Les ionien à Ras Shamra, Arch. Or., IV, 169-178.
143. Ibn Al-Arthir, Ezz Ad-Din, Al-Kamil fi Al-Tarikh (Dar Sader), voll. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Beirut 1982.
144. Ibn Al-Athir, Ezz Ad-Din, Al-Kamil fi Al-Tarikh, edited by C.J. Tornberg, Leiden 1851-1876.
145. Ibn Al-Furat, Tarikh Al-Duwal wa 'l-Muluk, edited by Hassan Al-Shamma, vol. IV/I-V/I, Basra 1969.
146. Ibn Al-Imad, Al-Hanbali, Shatharat az-Zahab fi Akhbar men Zahab, Beirut.
147. Ibn Al-Jawzi, Ajaib, Arabes 1567, 26a.
148. Ibn Al-Qalanisi, Hamzah Ibn Assad, Tarikh Dimashq, edited by S. Zakkar, Damascus 1983.
149. Ibn Al-Shihna, Raudat Al-Munazir fi Akhbar Al-Awa'il wa'l-Awakhir, British Library Ms., Or., Add. 23,336.
150. Ibn Al-Shihna, Raudat Al-Munazir, on the margins of Ibn Al-Athir, edited by Bulaq, vols. VII-IX, Cairo 1874.
151. Ibn Al-Wardi, Omar, Tarikh Ibn Al-Wardi, voll. 1-2, Cairo 1879.
152. Ibn Batriq, Al-Ta'rikh Al-Majmu' ala Al-Tahqiq wa'l-Tasdiq (Eutychii Patriachae Alexandrini Annales-Pars Prior), edited by L. Cheikhoo, CSCO Arab., Series tertia, vol. 6, Beyrout-Paris 1906.
153. Ibn Habib, Tadhkirat Al-Nabih, edited by M.M. Amin, 3 vols., Cairo 1976-1986.
154. Ibn Hajar, see Al-Asqalani.
155. Ibn Iyas, Mohammad Ibn Ahmad, Bada'i' Al-Zuhur fi waqa'i' Al-Duhur, edited by P. Kahle and M. Mostafa, 5 vols., Cairo and Wiesbaden 1960-1975. Partly translated by G. Wiet, Histoire des Mamlouks Circassiens, II, Cairo 1945; and G. Wiet, Journal d'un Bourgeois du Caire, 2 vols., Paris 1955, 1960.
156. and G. Wiet, Journal d'un Bourgeois du Caire, 2 vols., Paris 1955, 1960.
157. Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari, M., see Al-Tabari.
158. Ibn Jubair, The Travels of Ibn Jubayr, edited by W. Wright; 2nd edition by J.M. de Goeje, Gibb Memorial Series, vol. 5, London 1907.
159. Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya wa Al-Nihaya fi 'l-Tarikh, 13 vols., Cairo 1351-1358/1932-1939.
160. Ibn Kathir Al-Dimashqi, Al-Bidaya wa Al-Nihaya, voll. 11, 12, 13, Beirut 1988.
161. Ibn Mankali, Al-Ahkam Al-Mulukiyya, vol. 37, quoted in Taher (1979, p. 125).
162. Ibn Qadi Shuhba, Al-Kawakib Al-Duriyya fi 'l-Sirat Al-Nuriyya, edited by M. Zayidh, Beirut 1971.
163. Ibn Shaddad, Al-A'laq Al-Khatira fi Dhikr Umara' Ash-Sham wa'l-Jazira, edited by D. Sourdel, Damascus 1953.
164. Ibn Shakir Al-Kutubi, Uyun Al-Tawarikh, Bibliotheque Nationale Ms. Arab. 1588, 88a.
165. Ibn Tagri Birdi, Al-Nujum Al-Zahira fi Muluk Misr wa'l-Qahira, Cairo 1932.
166. Ibn Tulun, Mufakaat Al-Khillan fi Hawadith Al-Zaman, edited by M. Mostafa, 2 vols., Cairo 1962, 1964.
167. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij Al-Kurub fi Akhbar Bani Ayyub, edite by M. Shayyal, Vol. III, Cairo 1962.
168. Iohannes Malalas, see Malalas.
169. Iohannes Zonaras, see Zonaras.
170. Jacob of Edessa, Chronicle, edited by E.W. Brooks, in Chronica minora III, CSCO 5 Syr. 5, Louvain 1961 (repr.), 261-330; Latin translation by E.W. Brooks, III, CSCO 6 Syr. 6, Louvain 1960 (repr.), 197-258; English translation by E.W. Brooks, The Chronological Canon of James of Edessa, Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, 53 (1899), 261-327, 550; 54 (1900), 100-102.
171. Jalfaq, B., Évêque de Saida-Lettres publiées dans les Nouvelles (Riçalat) de l'Abbaye de Mar Mukhallès près Saida.
172. Jeffreys, E., M. Jeffreys and R. Scott (Translators) (1986): The Chronicle of John Malalas, Sydney, N.S.W.
173. Joshua The Stylite, The Chronique of Joshua the Stylite composed in Syriac, A.D. 507, translated by de Wright, Cambridge 1882.
174. John of Ephesus, Ecclesiastical History, Fragments of Part H, edited by J.P.N. Land, Anecdota Syriaca, 2, Leiden 1868, 289-329; Latin translation by W.J. Van Douwen and J.P.N. Land, Ioannis Ephesini episcopi Commentarii de beatis orientalibus et Historiae ecclesiasticae fragmenta (Verhandelingen van de Kkoninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Letterkunde, 18), Amsterdam 1889, 216-243; Part III, edited by E.W. Brooks, CSCO 105 Syr. 54, Louvain 1935; Latin translation by E.W. Brooks, CSCO 106 Syr. 55, Louvain 1936.
175. John of Nikiu, The Chronicle of John Bishop of Nikiu, translated to English by R.H. Charles, 135-137, London 1916.
176. Journaux Contemporains des éEvénements.
177. Kilisli, Kadri (1932): Kilis Tarihi, Istanbul.
178. Korte, J. (1741): Jonas Kortens Reise nach Egypten dem Berg Libanon etc., Altona.
179. Landesbibliothek (LBS), (Libraries & Archives), Stuttgart-Zeitung (Allgem. G., qt. 407, 1626.5.1).
180. Leo, Grammaticus, Chronographia, edited by I. Bekker, CSHB, Bonn 1842.
181. Les Gestes des Chyprois, Rec. Hist. Croisades. Arm., vol. 2.
182. L'Estoire d'Eracle, Rec. Hist. Croisades. Occ., vol. 2.
183. Liebeschuetz, J.H.W.G. (1972): Antioch: City and Imperial Administration in the Later Roman Empire, Oxford.
184. Ligorio Pirro (1574-1577): Libro o Trattato di diversi terremoti, raccolti da diversi Autori per Pyrro Ligorio cittadino romano, mentre la città di Ferrara è stata percossa et ha tremato per un simile accidente del moto della terra, Archivio di Stato di Torino, Antichità romane, cod. 28.
185. Lusignano, S. (1950): Descripion de Toute l'Isle de Chypre etc., translated by G. Chaudière, Paris.
186. Malalas, Iohannes (1831): Chronographia, edited by L. Dindorf, CSHB, Bonn 1831; translated by E. Jeffreys, M. Jeffreys and R. Scott, The Chronicle, Sydney, N.S.W. 1986.
187. Marcellinus Comes (1894): Chronicon, edited by Th. Mommsen, MGH, AA 11, Chronica minora, vol. 2, Berlin, 37-104.
188. Marino Sanuto, the Elder, Liber secretorum (Secrets for the Crusaders) or Gesta Dei per Francos, book III/XI, ch. 1, Hannover 1611.
189. McGing, B.C. (1986): The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator King of Pontus, Leiden.
190. Mercure de France (PMdF), (1726.10, p. 2349), (Press), Paris.
191. Michael Glykas, Annales, edited by J.P. Migne, PG 158, Paris 1866.
192. Michael The Syrian, Chronicle, translated by J.-B. Chabot, 4 vols., Paris 1899.
193. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Centre des Archives Diplomatiques de Nantes (AMAE CADN), (CCC, Turquie vol. 14, Lattaquie, entry dated 1822.8.28), Nantes.
194. Muhammed Al-Tabakh see Al-Tabakh.
195. Mukhatar Basha, Muhamed, Al-Tawfiqat Al-Ilhamyeh, Boulaq 1893.
196. Münzer, Th. (1930): s.v. Marcius 92, RE 14.2, cols. 1584-1585.
197. Nasir-i-Khusrau, Sefer Nameh, Relation du Voyage de Nassiri Khusrau en Syria, en Palestine, et Egypte, en Arabe ..., Charles Schefer, Paris 1881, 17-18.
198. Nicephorus Callistus, Historia Ayntomo, edited by C. de Bor, BT, Leipzig 1880.
199. Nicephorus Patriarcha, Short History, edited by C. Mango, Washigton D.C. 1990.
200. Nicetas Choniates Acominatos, Historia Chronicon, edited by I. Bekker, Corp. Script. Hist. Byz., Bonn 1835.
201. Oberhummer, E., Die Insel Cypern. Eine Landeskunde auf historischer Grundlage, edited by Th. Ackerman, München 1903, 139-146.
202. Obermeyer, J., Die Landschaft Babilonien im Zeitalter des Talmuds und des Gaonats, Frankfort a.M 1929.
203. Oliver, G.A. (1807): Voyage dans l'Empire Othoman, L'Egypte et la Perse, 3 vols., Paris.
204. Oppenheimer A. (1983): Babylonia Judaica in the Talmudic Period, Wiesbaden.
205. Oracula Sibyllina, edited by A. Kurfess, München 1951; edited and translated by H.N. Bate, Sibylline oracles (books III-V), London 1918.
206. Orosius Paulus, Historiarum Adversus Paganos Libri VIII, edited by A. Lippold, Milano 1976.
207. Panzac, D. (1985): La Peste dans l'Empire Ottoman, 1700-1850, Louvain.
208. Payne Smith, R. (Editor) (1879): Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford.
209. Philip of Plessis (1972): Letter in Mayer.
210. Philostratus the Athenian, Vita Apolloni, edited by C.L. Kayser, I, Leipzig 1870; translated by F.C. Conybeare, The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, London 1912; translated by J.S. Phillimore, Philostratus in Hinour of Apollomus of Tyana, Oxford 1912; translated by C.P. Eells, Life and times of Apollonius of Tyana, Stanford 1923.
211. Press Reports: Varius: most important. Istanbul (Levant Herald, Stanboul, Neologos, Ikdam, Sabah). Izmir (Amaltheia, Courier de Symme). Paris (Moniteur, Journal des Debats, Nouvelles Missions du Levant).
212. Pococke, R.A. (1743-1745): A Description of the East etc., 2 vols., Bowyer, London.
213. Procopius of Caesarea, Anecdota, in Opera omnia, edited by J. Haury and G. Wirth, III, Liepzig 1953; translated by G.A. Williamson, Secret history, London, 1990.
214. Procopius of Caesarea, Bella, in Opera omnia, edited by J. Haury and G. Wirth, I-II, Liepzig 1952-1953.
215. Procopius of Caesarea, De Aedificiis, in Opera omnia, edited by J. Haury and G. Wirth, IV, Liepzig 1954.
216. Rafeq, A.K. (no date): The provance of Damascus.
217. Ralph of Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, edited by J. Stevenson, Rolls Ser., vol. 66.
218. Res gestae Divi Augusti, edited by P.A. Brunt and J.M. Moore, Oxford 1967.
219. Rizzo, F.P. (1963): Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria, Palermo.
220. Robert, L. (1962): Villes d'Asile Mineure (2nd edition), Paris.
221. Robert of Auxerre, Chronicon, Mon. German. Hist. Ss. vol. 26; also edited by Bouquet, Rec. Hist. Garde et de la France, vol. 18.
222. Runciman, S. Sir (1971): A History of the Crusades, Harmondsworth, 3 vols..
223. Saadeh, G. (1984): Al-Moukhtasar fi Tarikh Al-Lathiqieh (A Summary in the History of Lattakia), Lattakia.
224. Saadeh, S. (1982): Ugharit, Mu'assaset Al-Fikr lil'abhath we Al-Nasher (1st edition), Beirut.
225. Salimbene de Adam, Cronica, Mon. German. Hist. Ss., vol. 32.
226. Schaeffer, C.F.A. (1948): Stratigraphie Comparée et Chronologie de l'Asie Occidentale (IIIe et IIe millénaires), (Oxford University Press, London).
227. Schenk von Stauffenberg A. (1931): Die romische Kaisergeschichte bei Malalas, Stuttgart.
228. Sempad le Connétable, Chronique du Royaume de Petite Arménie, Cf KSA 6, p. 291 (Reports of Ksara Observatory).
229. Severus of Antioch, Homily 31, edited with French translation by M. Brière and F. Graffin, Les Homiliae cathedrales de Sévère d'Antioche. Traduction syriaque de Jaques d'Edesse. Homélies XXVI à XXXI, PO 36/4= =170, Turnhout 1974, 106-31.
230. Sibt Ibn Al-'Alami, Kunuz Al-Dhahab fi Tarikh Halab, translated by J. Sauvaget, Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire de la ville d'Alep, Beirut 1950.
231. Sibt Ibn Al-Jauzi, Mir'at Al-Zamn, vol. VIII, Hyderabad 1951.
232. Sibt Ibn Al-Jawzi A., Al-Mountazam fi Tarikh Al-Mouluk wa Al-Oumam, vols. 7, 8, 9, 10, Haydarabad 1938.
233. Sibt Ibn Al-Jawzi, A., Al-Mountazam fi Tarikh Al-Mouluk wa Al-Oumam, British Library Ms. Or. 3004, 19b.
234. Socrates, Historia Ecclesiastica, edited by J.P. Migne, PG 67, Paris 1864.
235. Stein, E., Histoire du Bas-Empire II, edited by J.-R. Palanque, Bruges 1949.
236. Strabon, Géographica, edited by A. Meineke, Leipzig 1877; edited by G. Aujac and F. Lassere, Paris 1966-89; edited by H.L. Johnes, The Geography of Strabo, London-Cambridge (Mass.) 1917-1928.
237. Strabon, Géographe Grec (a vécu de 58 à 21-25), Auteur de «Geographica».
238. Suetonius, C. Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum, edited by H. Ailloud, Paris 1961-1964; translated by R. Graves, The twelve caesars, Harmondsworth 1989.
239. Syncellus, Georgius, Chronographia, edited by G.B. Niebuhr CSHB, Bonn 1829; edited by A.A. Mosshammer, Leipzig 1984.
240. Tacitus, Publius Cornelius, Annales ab Excessu Divi Angusti, edited by E. Koestermann, Leipzig 1971; translated by M. Grant, The annals of imperial Rome, Harmondsworth 1989.
241. The Book of the Wanderings of Felix Fabri (1480-83), vol. 9, London 1893 (repr. AMS, New York 1971).
242. The Great Chronographer, in Beitrage zur antiochenischen and zur kostantinopolitanischen Stadtchronik, edited by A. Freund, Jena 1882, 38-53.
243. Theatrum Europeum, edited by J.P. Abelin, 21 vols., Frankfurt 1617-1712.
244. Theophanes, Theophanis Chronographia, CSHB, vol. 26/i, Bonn 1839.
245. Theophanes, Chronographi, edited by C. de Boor, Leipzig 1883-85 (repr. Hildesheim 1963).
246. Theophanes Continuatus, edited by I. Bekker, CSHB, Bonn 1838.
247. Tsugitaka, S. (1988): The Syrian coastal town of Jabala: Its history and present situation, Studia Culturae Islamicae, 35 (Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo).
248. Tusculum (Fragments of Tusculum), D'avant l'an 565, découvert par Angelo May, Fragment IV, in PG, edited by J.P. Migne, 85, coll. 1821-1824.
249. Valle, Pietro della (1662-63): Viaggi di Pietro della Valle il Pellegrino etc., 4 vols., Roma.
250. Vita Symeonis Iunioris, edited by P. Van den Ven, Brussels 1962-1970.
251. Vitaliano Donati, Giornal del Viaggio, Bibl. Reale Ms. 291, Torino.
252. Volney, C.F. (1787): Travels through Syria and Egypt in the Years 1783, 1784 and 1785, 2 vols., London.
253. Whitby, M. and M. (Translators) (1989): Chronicon Paschale 284-628 A.D., Liverpool.
254. Wilbrandus of Oldenborg, Travels, edited by J.C.M. Laurent, Peregrinatores medii aevi quatuor (2nd edition), Leipzig 1873, 161-191.
255. William of Nangis, Chronicon, Rec. Gaule et de la France, vol. 20.
256. Winnett, F.V. and W.L. Reed (1970): Ancient Records from North Arabia, Toronto.
257. Yaari, A. (1951): Sinai: 28.349, Jerusalem.
258. Yahya Ibn Said, Histoire, edited and translated into French by I. Kratchovsky and A. Vasiliev, Pat Orientalis, XVIII, Fasc. 5, Paris 1957.
259. Yahya Ibn Said Al-Antaki, Dhayl ta'rikh Ibn Batriq, edited by L. Cheikho et al., CSCO Arab., Series tertia, vol. 7, Beirut-Paris.
260. Yaqut Al-Hamawi, Mu'jam Al-Buldan, edited by Wustenfeld, 4 vols., Leipzig 1866-1873.
261. Yebamoth (from The Bobylonian Talmud), edited by I.W. Slotki, London 1936.
262. Zachariah of Mitylene, The Syriac Chronicle, translated by F.J. Hamilton and E.W. Brooks, London 1899.
263. Zacharie le Scolastiqûe, Vie de Sévère d'Antioche, Patrologie Orientale (2nd edition), Graffin-Nau.
264. Zakaraya, W. (1984) Jawla Athariya fi Baedh Al-Bilad Al-Shamiya, Dar Al-Fikr (Pub.), Damascus.
265. Zonaras, Iohannes, Epitome Historiarum Libri I-XII, edited by B.G. Niebuhr, CSHB, Bonn, 1844; Epitome Historiarum Libri XIII-XVIII, edited by Th. Büttner-Wobst, CSHB, Bonn 1897.
266. Abou Karaki, N. (1987) : Synthèse et carte sismotectonique des pays de la bordure orientate de la Méditerraée : sismicité du systéme de failles du Jordain-Mer Morte, Thèse de Doctorat (Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg).
267. Al-Hakeem, K. (1988): Studying of historical earthquakes activity in Syria, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Historical Seismicity of Central-Eastern Mediterranean Region, edited by C. Margottini and L. Serva, 27-29 Ottobre 1987, ENEA CRE Casaccia, Roma, 19-32.
268. Al-Sinawi, S.A. and H.A.A. Ghalib (1975): Historical seismicity of Iraq, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 65 (5), 541-547.
269. Ambraseys, N.N. (1961): On the seismicity of South-West Asia: data from a XVth century Arabic manuscript, Rev. Etud. Calamités, 37, 18-30.
270. Ambraseys, N.N. (1962): A note on the chronology of Willis's list of earthquakes in Palestine and Syria, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 52, 77-80.
271. Ambraseys, N.N. (1963): The seismicity of Cyprus, Publications of Imperial College, London.
272. Ambraseys, N.N. (1965): The seismic history of Cyprus, Rev. Union Int. Secours, 3, 25-48.
273. Ambraseys, N.N. (1975): Studies in historical seismicity and tectonics, in Geodynamics Today (Royal Society, London), 7-16.
274. Ambraseys, N.N. (1978): Middle East: a reappraisal of the seismicity, Q. J. Eng. Geol., 11, 19-32.
275. Amiran, D.H.K. (1950-1951, 1952): A revised earthquake-catalogue of Palestine, Isr. Explor. J., 1, 223-246; 2, 48-62.
276. Andreasyan, H. (1970): Ermeni Kaynaklarindan Derlenmis Deprem Listesi, Yayinlanmamis, Prof. Dr. H. Soysal Arsivi, Istanbul.
277. Båth, M. (1979): Introduction to Seismology (2nd edition), Basel, Boston, Stuttgart, p. 139.
278. Ben-Menahem, A. (1979): Earthquake catalogue for the Middle East (92 B.C. to 1980 A.D.), Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 21, 245-313.
279. Berloty, B. (1931): Tremblements de terre et séismologie, Almanach de l'Imprime Catholique, 24-38.
280. Calvi, V.S. (1941): Erdbebenkatalog der Turkei und Einiger Benaehbarter Gebiete, Yayinlanmamis, Rep. No. 276, MTA Enstitüsü, Ankara.
281. Ergin, K., U. Güĉlü Z. Uz (1967): A Catalogue of Earthquakes for Turkey and Surrounding Area (11 A.D. to 1964 A.D.), Technical University of Istanbul, Istanbul.
282. Galanopoulos, A.G. and N.D. Delibasis (1965): The seismic activity of the Cyprus Area (26 B.C.-1963 A.D.), in Proc. Athens Academy, 387-405.
283. Ganse, R.A. and J.B. Nelson (1981): Catalogue of significant earthquakes (2000 B.C.-1979 A.D.), Rep. SE-27, World Data Center A for Solid Earth Geophysics, pp. 154.
284. Ismail, A. (1960): Near and local earthquakes of Helwan (1903-1950), Helwan Obs., 49, pp. 32.
285. Kárník, V. (1971): Seismicity of the European Area (D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland), 2.
286. Lersch, Erdbeben-Chronik für die Zeit von 2362 v. Chr. bis 1897, Ms., Archives of the Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erd, Jena.
287. Lomnitz, C. (1974): Global tectonics and earthquake risk, Dev. Geotect., 5, Elsevier Sc. Publ. Com., p. 320.
288. Lyons, H.G. (1907): Earthquakes in Egypt, Survey Notes, Cairo, I (10), 277-86.
289. Maamoun, M. and A. Allam (1981): Neotectonies of Eastern Arabian region - Regional studies, Bull. Helwan Inst. Astron. Geophys., I, Ser. B, 173-235.
290. Meyers, H.M. and C.A. von Hake (1976): Earthquake data file summary, National Geophysical and Solar Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO.
291. Milne, J. (1911): Catalogue of destructive earthquakes A.D. 7 to A.D. 1899, Report of the 81st Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, London, 694-740.
292. Morelli, C. (1942): Carta sismica dell' Albania, Reale Academia d' Italia, Commissione Italiana di Studio per i Problemi del Soccorso alle Popolazioni, 10, Firenze, p. 121.
293. Mouty, M. and M.R. Sbeinati (1988): Historical earthquake catalogue for Syria and adjacent areas, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Internal Rep., Damascus.
294. Öcal, N. (1961): Kurze Liste der Erdbeben in der Türkei bis 1800 (I ≥ IX), Ms., 2.
295. Öcal, N. (1968): Türkiyenin sismisitesi ve zelzele cografyasi, 1850-1960 Yiliari Için Zelzele Katalogu, Kandilli Rasathanesi Yayinlari No. 8, Istanbul.
296. Pinar, N. and E. Lahn (1952): Türkiye depremleri izahli kataloǧu, Bayindirlik Bakanligi, Yapi ve Imar Isleri Reisligi Yayinlarindan, Ser. 6, Sayi 36, Ankara, p. 153.
297. Plassard, J. and B. Kogoj (1981): Seismicité du Liban: catalogue des séismes ressentis (3rd edition), Collection des Annales-Mémoires de l'Observatoire de Ksara, IV, Beirut.
298. Poirier, J. and M. Taber (1980): Historical seismicity in the Near and Middle East, North Africa, and Spain from Arabic documents (VIIth-XVIIIth century), Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 70, 2185-2201.
299. Riggs, H.H. (1905-1909): Monthly Earthquake Reports, Euphrates College Seism. Station, Harpoot.
300. Russell, P. (1760): An account of the late earthquake in Syria, Philos. Trans., 51, London, 529-534.
301. Schmidt, J.F. (1879): Studien üeber Erdbeben, Leipzig.
302. Schmidt, J.F. (1881): Studien üeber Vulkanen und Erdbeben (2nd edition), Leipzig.
303. Shalem, N. (1952): La seismicité an Levant, Bull. Res Counc. Isr., 2 (1), 1-16.
304. Shalem, N. (1954): The Red Sea and the Erythrean disturbances, in Congrès Géologique International, C., R., de la 19e session, Alger, 222-231.
305. Shalem, N. (1956) Seismicity and Erythrean disturbances in the Levant, Publ. BCIS, S.A., Tr. Sc. F. 19, 267-275.
306. Shalem, N. (1960): Seismicity in Palestine and neighboring areas (macroseismical investigation), Ms., 79.
307. Shebalin, N.V., V. Kárník and D. Hadzievski (1974): Catalogue of earthquakes, Part I: 1901-1970; Part II: prior to 1901, UNESCO, Skopie.
308. Soysal, H., S. Sipahiǧlu, D. Kolçak and Y. Altinok (1981): Türkiye ve çevresinin tarihsel deprem kataloǧu (M.Ö. 2100-M.S. 1900), Tubitak, Matematik - Fiziki Ve Biyolojik Bilimler Arastirma Grubu, Project. No. TBAG 341, Istanbul.
309. Tholozan, J.D. (1879): Sur les tremblements de terre qui ont eu lieu en Orient du VII au XVII siecle, Compte Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Frances, 88, 1063-1066.
310. Türkelli, N., A. Necioǧlu and A. Al-Amri (1990): Seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Historical Seismicity and Seismotectonics of the Mediterranean Region (Bektur, ed.), Istanbul, 37-129.
311. US Congress (1888): Great Earthquakes (Washington D.C.), 1.
312. Willis, B. (1928): Earthquakes in the Holy Land, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 18, California, 73-103.
313. Willis, B. (1933a): Earthquakes in the Holy Land: a correction, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 23, 88-89.
314. Willis, B. (1933b): Earthquakes in the Holy Land: a correction, Science, 77, p. 351.
315. World Map of Natural Hazards (1978), Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
316. Al-Ghouneim A.Y. (no date): Asbab At-Zlazel wa Houdutheha fi Al-Tourath Al-Arabi (Causes of Earthquakes and their Events in the Arabic Literature).
317. Al-Hafez, M.M. (1982): Nusu ghair manshura an al-zalizal me 914-1124 A.H/ 1508-1712 A.D., Bull. Etud. Orientales, 32-33, Damascus, 256-264.
318. Alonso-Núũez, J.-M. (1992): La Historia Universal de Pompeyo Trogo, Madrid.
319. Al-Sanawi, S. and H.A. Ghalib (1975): Historical seismicity of Iraq, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 65, 541-547.
320. Ambraseys, N.N. (1961): On the seismicity of South-West Asia: data from a XV century Arabic manuscript, Rev. Etud. Calamités, 37, 18-37.
321. Ambraseys, N.N. (1962): Data for the investigation of the seismic sea-waves in the Eastern Mediterranean, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 52, 895-913.
322. Ambraseys, N.N. (1988) Engineering seismology, J. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 17, 1-105.
323. Ambraseys, N.N. (1989): Temporary seismic quiescence: SE Turkey, Geophys. J., 96, 311-331.
324. Ambraseys, N.N. and C.F. Finkel (1993): Material for the investigation of the seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean region during the period 1690-1710, in Materials of the CEC Project 'Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe', edited by M. Stucchi, CNR Milano, 1, 173-194.
325. Ambraseys, N.N. and C. Finkel (1995): The seismicity of Turkey and adjacent areas: a historical review (1500-1800), Muhittin Salih EREN Publ., Istanbul.
326. Ambraseys, N.N. and J.A. Jakson (1998): Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in Eastern Mediterranean region, Geophys. J. Int., 133, 390-406.
327. Ambraseys, N.N. and C.P. Melville (1995): Historical evidence of faulting in Eastern Anatolia and Northern Syria, Ann. Geofis., XXXVIII (3/4), 337-343.
328. Ambraseys, N.N. and D. White (1997): The seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean region 550-501 B.C.: a reappraisal, J. Earthquake Eng., 1 (4), 603-632.
329. Ambraseys, N.N., C.P. Melville and R.D. Adams (1994): The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: a Historical Review (Cambridge University Press).
330. Andreasyan, H. (1973): XIVI ve XV. Yuzyil Turk Tarihine Air Ufak Kronolojiler, Kolafanlar, Ist. Uni. Ede. Fak. Tarih Ens. Dergisi, Sayi 3, Istanbul.
331. Arinci, R. (1945): Arzda ve Yerdumuzda Zelzele Bolgeleleri, Corumlu Mcmuasi, Corum Halkevi Yayini, Yil 4, Sayi 29, Corum.
332. Barbieri, G. (1970): Pompeo Macrino, Asinio Marcello, Bebio Macro e i Fasti Ostiensi del 115, Mélanges d'Archélogie et d'Histoire de l'Ècole Française de Rome, 82 (1), 263-78.
333. Baur, P.V.C. and M.I. Rostovtzeff (1931): The Excavations at Dura-Europos, II, New Haven.
334. Berryat, J. (1761): Liste chronologique, des éruptions de Volcans, des Tremblements de Terre etc., Collect. Académique, 6, Paris, 488-676.
335. Besson, J. (1660): La Syrie Sainte ... Henault, Paris.
336. Blanckenhorn, Max (1905): Die Erdbeben in Palästina und die erforschung künftiger, Zeitschrift des deutschen Palätinavereins, 28, part 1, 216-218.
337. Bonito, M. (1691): Terra tremante, o vero continuatione de' terremoti dalla Creatione del Mondo sino al tempo presente ..., Napoli 1691 (reprint, Sala Bolognese 1980).
338. Burnarnd, Y. (1984): Terrae Moms, La documentation épigraphique sur les tremblements de terre dans l'Occident romain, in Tremblements de terr ..., 173-82.
339. Capelle, W. (1924): s.v. Erdbebenforschung, RE, Suppl. IV, coll. 344-374.
340. Catalogo epigrafi (1989) = Catalogo delle epigrafi latine riguardanti terremoti, in Guidoboni (1989), 135-68.
341. Cavasino, A. (1931a): Note sur catalogo dei terremoti distruttivi dal 1501 al 1929 nel bacino del Mediterraneo, 29-36, R. Acad. Nat. Lincei, Publ. della Com. It. per lo Studio delle Grandi Calamita, Vol. II, Mem. Sci. Technol., Roma.
342. Cavasino, A. (1931b): Catalogo dei terremoti avertiti nel bacino del Mediterraneo del 1501 al 1929, 37-60, R. Acad. Nat. Lincei, Publ. della Com. It. per lo Studio delle Grandi Calamita, Vol. II, Mem. Sci. Technol., Roma.
343. Collection Académique, Tome VI de la Partie Etranger et Premier, Tome de la Physique Experimentale Séparée.
344. Francis, I. (1947): Bizanz Kaynaklarina, Gore Orta Sark'-ta Vukubulan Zelzeleler, 1st. Uni. Ed. Fak. Cog. B1. Doktora tezi, Ist. Uni. Kitapligi No. 1420.
345. Fuchs, C.W.C. (1886): Statistik der Erdbeben von 1865-1885, Sitzungsberichte d.M. Mathem.-Naturw. Ges., Bd. XCII, Heft. 3, 215-625, Vienna.
346. Gatier, P.L. (1984): Tremblements du sol et frissions des hommes, Trois séismes en Orient sous Anastase, in Tremblements de terre ..., 87-94.
347. Ghawanmeh, Y. (1989): Earthquakes effects on Belad Al-Sham settlements, Paper presented at IVe Congrés sur l'Histoire et L'Archéologie de Jordanie, 30 May-4 June, Lyon.
348. Guidoboni E. (Editor) (1989): I Terremoti Prima del Mille in Italia e nell' Area Mediterranea, Storia Archeologia Sismologia (ING, Roma-SGA, Bologna), pp. 768.
349. Guidoboni, E., A. Comastri and G. Traina (1994): Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area up to the 10th Century (ING, Roma-SGA, Bologna), pp. 504.
350. Henry, M. (1985): Le témoignage de Libanius et les phénoènes séismiques du IVe siècle de notre ère, Essai d'Interprétation, Phoenix, 39, 36-61.
351. Hermann, A. (1962): s.v. Erdbeben, Reallexikon für Antike und christentum 5, cols. 1070-10113, (Contributions to the geology and palaeobiology of the Caribean and adjacent areas), Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 84, 101-52.
352. Hoff, K.E.A. von (1840): Chronik der Erdbeben und Vulkan-Ausbrüche etc., Gesch. Überlief. Nachgew. Natürl. Verdender. Erdoberfläche, IV, Gotha.
353. Kallner-Amiran, D. (1951): A revised earthquake catalogue of Palestine, Is. Explor. J., vol. I, 223-46; vol. II, (1952), 48-65.
354. Lemmens, H.J. (1898): Al-zalazil fi Suriah, Al-Mashreq, 1, 303-304 and 337-342, Beirut.
355. Mallet, R. (1853): Third report on the facts of earthquakes phenomena, Report of the 22nd Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1-176.
356. Mallet, R. and J.W. Mallet (1858): The earthquake catalogue of the British Association, Trans. Br. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1852 to 1858, London.
357. Manetti, Giannozzo (1457): De Terraemoto Libri Tres, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, cod. Urbinate Lat. 5; cod. Palatino Lat. 1076, 1077 and 1604.
358. Montandon, F. (1953): Les Tremblements de Terre Destructeurs en Europe (Union Internationale de Secours, Genève), p. 160 séisme de 334.
359. Perrey, A. (1850): Mémoire sur les tremblements de terre ressentis dans la Péninsule Turco-Hellénique et en Syrie, Mém. Acad. R. Belg., 23, Bruxelles.
360. Poirier, J.P., B.A. Romanowicz and M.A. Taher (1980): Large historical earthquakes and seismic risk in Northwest Syria, Nature, 285, 217-20.
361. Robert, L. (1978): Documents d'Asie Mineure V. Stèle funéraire de Nicomédie et séismes dans les inscriptions, Bull. Corresp. Helléniqque, 102, 395-408.
362. Russell, K.W. (1985): The earthquake chronology of Palestine and Northwest Arabia from the 2nd through the Mid-8th century A.D., Bull. Am. Sch. Oriental Res., 260, 37-59.
363. Sieberg, A. (1932): Untersuchungen übar erdbeben und bruchscholenbau im Östlichen mittelmeergebiet, Denkschrifften der Medizinsch-Naturwissenschaft Gesellschaft zu Jena, 18, 161-273.
364. Swiss Reinsurance Company (1978): Atlas on Seismicity and Volcanism (October 1977, Switzerland).
365. Taher, M.A. (1979): Corpus des textes arabes relatifs aux tremblements de terre et autres catastrophes naturelles de la conquête ambe an XII H/XVIII JC, Thesis de Doctorat d'Etat (Univ. Paris 1, Sorbonne), 2 vols.
366. Tucker, W. (no date): The Effects of Earthquakes in the Medieval Islamic World (Dept. of History, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayeteville).
367. World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics, Catalogue of Significant Earthquakes (2000 B.C.-1979 A.D).
368. Al-Hakeem, K. (1986): Analysis of the 1759 A.D. earthquake, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Internal Rep., Damascus.
369. Ambraseys, N.N. (1997): The earthquake of 1 January 1837 in Southern Lebanon and Northern Israel, Ann. Geofis., XL (4),923-935.
370. Ambraseys, N.N. and M. Barazangi (1989): The 1759 earthquake in the Bekaa Valley: implications for earthquake hazard assessment in the Eastern Mediterranean region, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4007-4013.
371. Ambraseys, N.N. and C.P. Melville (1988): An analysis of the Eastern Mediterranean earthquake of 20 May 1202, in History of Seismography and Earthquakes of the World, edited by W.H. Lee (Academic, San Diego, CA), 181-200.
372. Darawcheh, R., M.R. Sbeinati, C. Margottini and S. Paolini (2000): The 9 July 551 A.D. Beirut earthquake, Eastern Mediterranean region, J. Earthquake Eng., 4, 403-414.
373. Guys, C.E. (1822): Le tremblement de terre qui a bouleversé la Haute-Syrie en Août 1822, Bull. Soc. Géogr., Paris, 1, 301-305.
374. Margaliot, M. (1960): The date of an earthquake at Taberias, Tarbiz, 29, 339-44.
375. Traina, G. (1994): From Crimea to Syria. Re-defining the alleged historical earthquake of 63 B.C., Ann. Geofis., XXXVIII (5/6),479-489.
376. Tsafrir, Y. and G. Foerster (1992): The dating of the 'Earthquake of the Sabbatical year' of 749 C.E. in Palestine, Bull. Sch. Oriental African Stud., 55/ii, London, 231-235.
377. Vered, M. and H. Striem (1976): The Safad earthquake of 1.1.1837 and its implications on risk evaluation in Israel, Isr. A.E.C., No. IA-LD-1-105.
378. Barazangi, M. (1983): A summary of the seismotectonics of the Arabia region, in Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk in the Arab Region, edited by K. Cidinsky and B. Rouhban, Ass. Mit. Earthq. Ris. Arab Reg., UNESCO, 43-58.
379. Barazangi, M., D. Seber, T. Chaimov, J. Best and R. Litak (1993): Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Arabian Plate in Western Syria (Kluwer Academic Publishers), 117-140.
380. Best, J., M. Barazangi, D. Al-Saad, T. Sawaf and A. Gebran (1990): Bouguer gravity trends and crustal structure of thePalmyride mountain belt and surrounding northern Arabian platform, Geology, 18, 1235-1239.
381. Brew, G., M. Barazangi, A.K. Al-Maleh and T. Sawaf (2001): Tectonic and geological evolution of Syria, GeoArabia, 6, 537-616.
382. Garfunkel, Z., I. Zak and R. Freund (1981): Active faulting in the Dead Sea rift, Tectonophysics, 80, 1-26.
383. Gomez, F., M. Meghraoui, A.N. Darkal, R. Sbeinati, R. Darawcheh, C. Tabet, M. Khawlie, M. Charabe, K. Khair and M. Barazangi (2001): Coseismic displacements along the Serghaya fault: an active branch of the Dead Sea fault system in Syria and Lebanon, J. Geol. Soc., 158, 405-408.
384. Grünthal, G. (Editor) (1993): European macroseismic scale 1992 (up-dated MSK-scale), Conseil de l'Europe, Cen. Européen Giodyn. Seismol., 7, Luxembourg.
385. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) (1979): Earthquakes and its associated topics in relation to nuclear power plant siting, IAEA Safely Series 50-SG-SI, Vienna.
386. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) (1987): Methodology and procedures for compilation of historical earthquakes data, IAEA-TECDOC-434, Vienna.
387. Klengel, H. (1985): Syria Atiquity, translated by Kassem Twer, Ministry of Culture, Damascus, 47-48 and 127.
388. McBride, J., M. Barazangi, J. Best, D. Al-Saad, T. Sawaf, M. Al-Otri, and A. Gebran (1990): Seismic reflection structures of intracratonic Palmyride fold-thrust belt and surrounding Arabian platform, Syria, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 74, 238-259.
389. McClusky, S., R. R. Reilinger, S. Mahmoud, D. Ben Sari and A. Tealeb (2003): GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 126-138.
390. Meghraoui, M., F. Gomez, R. Sbeinati, J. Van Der Woerd, M. Mouty, A.N. Darkal, Y. Radwan, I. Layyous, H. Al-Najjar, R. Darawcheh, F. Hijazi, R. Al-Ghazzi and M. Barazangi (2003): Evidence for 830 years of seismic quiescence from palaeoseismology, archaeoseismology and historical Seismicity along the Dead Sea fault in Syria, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 210, 35-52.
391. Ponikarov, V.P (Editor) (1964): Tectonic Map of Syria, Scale 1:1000000 (Ministry of Industry, Damascus, Syria).
392. Sbeinati, M.R. (1993): Instrumental catalogue of earthquakes in Syria and adjacent areas from 1900 to 1993, ICTP Res. Rep., Trieste (unpublished).
393. Shebalin, N.V. (1970): Intensity: on the statistical definition of the term, in Proc. X Ass. ESC, Leningrad, 3-11 September 1968 (Acad. Sci. USSR, Soviet Geophysical Committee, Moscow).
394. Shebalin, N.V. (1974): Principles and procedures of cataloguing, in Catalogue of Earthquakes, edited by N.V. Shebalin, V. Kárník and D. Hadzievski, UNDP/UNESCO Survey of Seismicily of the Balkan Region (UNESCO, Skopje).
395. Stucchi, M. (1994): Recommendations for the compilation of a European parametric earthquake catalogue, with special reference to historical records, in Materials of the CEC Project 'Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe', edited by P. Albini and A. Moroni, CNR Milano, 2, 181-190.
396. Wolseley Haig, LT.-Colonel Sir (1932): Comparative Tables of Muhammadan and Christian Dates (Luzac and Co., London).