The role of shoulder maximum external rotation during throwing for elbow injury prevention in baseball players

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 223-228

  Miyashita, Koji ^a   Urabe, Yukio ^b   Kobayashi, Hirokazu ^c   Yokoe, Kiyoshi ^c   Koshida, Sentaro ^d   Kawamura, Morio ^e   Ida, Kunio ^a  

^a CHUBU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c Institute of Sports Medicine and Science   (Japan)

^d RYOTOKUJI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^e NAGOYA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Elbow valgus stress; Maximum external rotation; Prevention; Shoulder; Throwing

Indexed keywords

EID: 44649143227     PISSN: None     EISSN: 13032968     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Abdel-Aziz, Y.I. and Karara, H.M. (1971) Direct linear transformation from comparator coordinates in close-range photogrammetry. In: Proceedings American Society of Photogrammetry Symposium on Close-Range Photogrammetry. Falls Church, VA: American Society of Photogrammetry Symposium on Close-Range Photogrammetry. 1-19.
2. Bigliani, L.U., Codd, .P.T., Connor, P.M., Levine, W.N. and Littlefield, M.A. and Hershon, S.J (1997) Shoulder motion and laxity in the professional baseball player. American Journal of Sports Medicine 25, 609-613.
3. Brogdon, B.G. and Crow, N.E. (1960) Little leaguer's elbow. American Journal of Roentgenology 83,671-675.
4. Crockett, H.C., Gross, L.B. Wilk, K.E., Schwartz, M.L., Reed, J., O'Mara, J., Reilly, M.T., Dugas, J.R., Meister, K., Lyman, S. and Andrews, J.R. (2002) Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, 20-26.
5. Downar, J.M. and Sauers, E.L. (2005) Clinical measurement of shoulder mobility in the professional baseball player. Journal of Athletic Training 40, 23-29.
6. Dillman, C.J., Fleisig, G.S. and Andrews, J.R. (1993) Biomechanics of pitching with emphasis upon shoulder kinematics. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy 18, 402-408.
7. Feltner, M.E. and Dapena, J. (1986) Dynamics of the shoulder and elbow joints of the throwing arm during a baseball pitch. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics 2, 235-259.
8. Feltner, M.E. (1989) Three-dimensional interactions in a two-segment kinetic chain. PartII:Application to the Throwing Arm in Baseball Pitching. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics 5, 420-450.
9. Fleisig, G.S., Andrews J.R., Dillman C.J. and Escamilla, R.F. (1995) Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. American Journal of Sports Medicine 23, 223-239.
10. Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., Escamilla, R.F. and Andrews J.R. (1999) Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. Journal of Biomechanics 32, 1371-1375.
11. Kreighbaum, E. and Berthels, K.M. (1996) Biomechanics: A qualitative approach for studying human movement. 4th edition. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. 335-354.
12. Lyman, S., Fleisig, G.S., Waterbor, J.W., Funkhouser, E.M., Pulley, L., Andrews, J.R., Osinski, E.D. and Roseman, J.M.(2001) Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, 1803-1810.
13. Lyman, S., Fleisig, G.S., Waterbor, J.W., Andrews, J.R. and Osinski, E.D. (2002) Effect of pitch type, pitch count, and pitching mechanics on risk of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, 463-468.
14. Magra, M., Caine, D. and Mafulli, N. (2007) A review of epidemiology of paediatric elbow injuries in sports. Sports Medicine 37, 717-735.
15. Meister, K., Day, T., Horodyski, M., Kaminski, T.W., Wasik, M.P. and Tillman, S. (2005) Rotational motion changes in the glenohumeral joint of the adolescent/ little league baseball player. American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, 693-698.
16. Sethi, P.M., Tibone, J.E. and Lee, T.Q. (2004) Quantitative assessment of glenohumeral translation in baseball player. American Journal of Sports Medicine 32, 1711-1715.
17. Olsen, S.J., Fleisig, G.S., Dun, S., Loftice, J. and Andrews, J.R. (2006) Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 34, 905-912.
18. Pappas, A.M., Zawacki, R.M. and Sullivan, T.J. (1985) Biomechanics of baseball pitching. American Journal of Sports Medicine 13, 216-222.
19. Reagan, K.M., Meister, K., Horodyski, M.B., Werner, D.W., Carruthers, C. and Wilk, K. (2002) Humeral retroversion and its relationship to glenohumeral rotation in the shoulder of college baseball player. American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, 354-360.
20. Sabick, M.B., Torry, M.R., Kim, Y.K. and Hawkins, R.J. (2004a) Humeral torque in professional baseball pitchers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 32, 892-898.
21. Sabick, M.B., Torry, M.R., Lawton, R.L. and Hawkins, R.J. (2004b) Valgus torque in youth baseball pitchers. A biomechanical study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 13, 349-355.
22. Slocum, D.B. (1968) Classification of elbow injuries from baseball pitching. Texas Medicine 64, 48-53
23. Werner, S.L., Fleisig, G.S., Dillman, C.J. and Andrews, J.R. (1993) Biomechanics of the elbow during baseball pitching. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy 17, 274-278.
24. Werner, S.L., Murray, T.A., Hawkens, R.J. and Gill, T.J. (2002) Relationship between throwing mechanics and elbow valgus in professional baseball pitchers. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 11,151-155.