A comparison of the CD4 response to antiretroviral regimens in patients commencing therapy with low CD4 counts

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 503-507

  Waters, Laura ^a   Stebbing, J ^a   Jones, R ^a   Michailidis, C ^a   Sawleshwarkar, S ^a   Mandalia, S ^a   Bower, M ^a   Nelson, M ^a   Gazzard, B ^a  

^a CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Boosted; HAART; Immune; NNRTI; PI

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; INDINAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SAQUINAVIR; ZIDOVUDINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG RESPONSE; FEMALE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONBIOLOGICAL MODEL; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRUS LOAD;

ADULT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; NEVIRAPINE; OXAZINES; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

EID: 4444340700     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh329     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Palella, F., Delaney, K., Moorman, A. et al. (1998). Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. New England Journal of Medicine 338, 853-60.
2. Hammer, S. M. (2002). Increasing choices for HIV therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 346, 2022-3.
3. Stebbing, J., Gazzard, B. & Douek, D. C. (2004). Where does HIV live? New England Journal of Medicine 350, 1872-80.
4. Ho, D. D. (1995). Time to hit HIV, early and hard. New England Journal of Medicine 333, 450-1.
5. Markowitz, M., Vesanen, M., Tenner-Racz, K. et al. (1999). The effect of commencing combination antiretroviral therapy soon after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on viral replication and antiviral immune responses. Journal of Infectious Diseases 179, 527-37.
6. Gottlieb, M. S. (2001). AIDS-past and future. New England Journal of Medicine 344, 1788-91.
7. Ahdieh-Grant, L., Yamashita, T. E., Phair, J. P. et al. (2003). When to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy: a cohort approach. American Journal of Epidemiology 157, 738-46.
8. Detels, R., Tarwater, P., Phair, J. P. et al. (2001). Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapies on the incidence of opportunistic infections before and after AIDS diagnosis. AIDS 15, 347-55.
9. Yeni, P. G., Hammer, S. M., Carpenter, C. C. et al. (2002). Antiretroviral treatment for adult HIV infection in 2002: updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society - USA Panel. Journal of the American Medical Association 288, 222-35.
10. Pozniak, A., Gazzard, B., Anderson, J. et al. (2003). British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy. HIV Medicine 4, Suppl 1, 1-41.
11. Lee, R. & Monteiro, E. F. (2003). Third regional audit of antiretroviral prescribing in HIV patients. International Journal of STD and AIDS 14, 58-60.
12. Curtis, H., Sabin, C. A. & Johnson, M. A. (2003). Findings from the first national clinical audit of treatment for people with HIV. HIV Medicine 4, 11-7.
13. Sabin, C. A., Lampe, F. C., Chaloner, C. et al. (2003). An audit of antiretroviral treatment use in HIV-infected patients in a London clinic: the limitations of observational databases when auditing antiretroviral treatment use. HIV Medicine 4, 87-93.
14. Staszewski, S., Morales-Ramirez, J., Tashima, K. T. et al. (1999). Efavirenz plus zidovudine and lamivudine, efavirenz plus indinavir, and indinavir plus zidovudine and lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. Study 006 Team. New England Journal of Medicine 341, 1865-73.
15. Staszewski, S., Miller, V., Sabin, C. et al. (1999). Determinants of sustainable CD4 lymphocyte count increases in response to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 13, 951-6.
16. 6/l. AIDS 16, 1371-81.
17. Notermans, D. W., Pakker, N. G., Hamann, D. et al. (1999). Immune reconstitution after 2 years of successful potent antiretroviral therapy in previously untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected adults. Journal of Infectious Diseases 180, 1050-6.
18. Tarwater, P. M., Margolick, J. B., Jin, J. et al. (2001). Increase and plateau of CD4 T-cell counts in the 3(1/2) years after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 27, 168-75.
19. Hunt, P. W., Deeks, S. G., Rodriguez, B. et al. (2003). Continued CD4 cell count increases in HIV-infected adults experiencing 4 years of viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 17, 1907-15.
20. Egger, M., May, M., Chene, G. et al. (2002). Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 360, 119-29.
21. Delta Coordinating Committee. (1996). Delta: a randomised double-blind controlled trial comparing combinations of zidovudine plus didanosine or zalcitabine with zidovudine alone in HIV-infected individuals. Lancet 348, 283-91.
22. Autran, B., Carcelain, G., Li, T. S. et al. (1997). Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science 277, 112-6.
23. Walmsley, S., Bernstein, B., King, M. et al. (2002). Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection. New England Journal of Medicine 346, 2039-46.
24. Portsmouth, S., Stebbing, J., Gill, J. et al. (2003). A comparison of regimens based on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors in preventing Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS 17, 17-22.
25. Stebbing, J., Portsmouth, S., Nelson, M. et al. (2004). The efficacy of ritonavir in the prevention of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. International Journal of Cancer 108, 631-3.
26. Montaner, J. S. G., Saag, M. S., Barylski, C. et al. (2002). FOCUS study: saquinavir qd regimen versus efavirenz qd regimen 48 week analysis in HIV infected patients. In Program and Abstracts of the Forty-second Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2002, San Diego, USA. Abstract H-167, p. 261. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA.
27. Pati, S., Pelser, C. B., Dufraine, J. et al. (2002). Antitumorigenic effects of HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir: inhibition of Kaposi sarcoma. Blood 99, 3771-9.
28. Robbins, G. (2002). Antiretroviral strategies in naive HIV+subjects: comparison of sequential 3-drug regimens (ACTG384). In Fourteenth International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, Spain, Abstract LbOr20B.
29. Pulido, F., Arribas, J. & Miro, J. M. (2002). Comparative study of efavirenz or protease inhibitor-based HAART in HIV-infected, antiretroviral naive patients with <100 CD4 cells/mL and opportunistic disease (EFA VIP-2 study). In Fourteenth International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract TuOrB1187, p.372. International AIDS Society, Stockholm, Sweden.
30. Lange, J. M. (2003). Efficacy and durability of nevirapine in antiretroviral drug naive patients. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 34, Suppl 1, S40-S52.
31. Podzamczer, D., Ferrer, E., Consiglio, E. et al. (2002). A randomized clinical trial comparing nelfinavir or nevirapine associated to zidovudine/lamivudine in HIV-infected naive patients (the Combine Study). Antiviral Therapy 7, 81-90.
32. Bartlett, J. A., DeMasi, R., Quinn, J. et al, (2001). Overview of the effectiveness of triple combination therapy in anti retroviral-naive HIV-1 infected adults. AIDS 15, 1369-77.
33. Van Leth, F., Hassink, E., Phanuphak, P. et al. (2003). Results of the 2NN study: a randomised comparative open label trial of first line antiretroviral therapy with regimens containing either nevirapine, efavirenz or both drugs combined, in addition to stavudine and lamivudine. In Abstracts of the Tenth International Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, USA, Abstract 176.
34. Keiser, P., Nassar, N., Yazdani, B., Armas, L. & Moreno, S. (2003). Comparison of efficacy of efavirenz and nevirapine: lessons learned for cohort analysis in light of the 2NN study. HIV Clinical Trials 4, 358-60.
35. Fumaz, C. R., Tuldra, A., Ferrer, M. J. et al. (2002). Quality of life, emotional status, and adherence of HIV-1-infected patients treated with efavirenz versus protease inhibitor-containing regimens. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 29, 244-53.
36. Haas, D. W., Fessel, W. J., Delapenha, R. A. et al. (2002). Therapy with efavirenz plus indinavir in patients with extensive prior nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor experience: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Infectious Diseases 183, 392-400.
37. Keiser, P., Nassar, N., White, C. et al. (2002). Comparison of nevirapine- and efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimens in antiretroviral-naive patients: a cohort study. HIV Clinical Trials 3, 296-303.
38. Cozzi-Lepri, A., Phillips, A. N., d'Arminio Monforte, A. et al. (2002). Virologic and immunologic response to regimens containing nevirapine or efavirenz in combination with 2 nucleoside analogues in the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretrovirals (I.Co.N.A.) study. Journal of Infectious Diseases 185, 1062-9.
39. Matthews, G. V., Sabin, C. A., Mandalia, S. et al. (2002). Virological suppression at 6 months is related to choice of initial regimen in anti retroviral-naive patients: a cohort study. AIDS 16, 53-61.
40. Nunez, M., Soriano, V., Martin-Carbonero, L. et al. (2002). SENC (Spanish efavirenz vs. nevirapine comparison) trial: a randomized, open-label study in HIV-infected naive individuals. HIV Clinical Trials 3, 186-94.
41. Van Leth, F., Andrews, S., Grinsztjen, B. et al. (2004). Virologic failure in antiretroviral therapy naive patients is only determined by extreme low values of CD4+cells or high values of HIV-1 RNA concentration, not by choice of treatment with nevirapine or efavirenz. In Abstracts of the Eleventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, CA, USA. Abstract 550.
42. Staszewski, S., Gallant, J., Pozniak, A., et al. (2003). Efficacy and safety of tenofovir df versus stavudine when used in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz in antiretroviral naive patients: 96 week preliminary interim results. In Abstracts of the Tenth International Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, USA, Poster 564b.