Parallel imaging in MR angiography

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 169-185

  Wilson, Gregory J ^a,b,g   Hoogeveen, Romhild M ^b   Willinek, Winfried A ^c   Muthupillai, Raja ^b,d,e   Maki, Jeffrey H ^a,f  

^a Puget Sound Health Care System   (United States)

^b PHILIPS HEALTHCARE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^d ST LUKE S EPISCOPAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^g NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA); Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Parallel imaging; SENSE; SMASH

Indexed keywords

ABDOMEN CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; ARTIFACT REDUCTION; BOLUS INJECTION; BRAIN ANGIOGRAPHY; BREATH HOLDING; CAROTID ARTERY; CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; FLOW MEASUREMENT; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; IMAGING; INFLOW CONTRAST IMAGING; KIDNEY ANGIOGRAPHY; KIDNEY CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; NEURO PHASE CONTRAST VENOGRAPHY; NEURO PHASE CONTRAST WHOLE BRAIN ANGIOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; PARALLEL IMAGING; PEDIATRICS; PERIPHERAL CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING; PHLEBOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REAL TIME QUANTITATIVE FLOW; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ENCODING; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; SIMULTANEOUS ACQUISITION OF SPATIAL HARMONICS; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; TECHNIQUE; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; THORAX; THORAX CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; TIME; TIME RESOLVED CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY;

CONTRAST MEDIA; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

EID: 4444254096     PISSN: 08993459     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.rmr.0000134199.94874.70     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. Sodickson D, Manning W. Simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH): fast imaging with radiofrequency coil arrays. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38:591-603.
2. Jakob P, et al. AUTO-SMASH: a self-calibrating technique for SMASH imaging. SiMultaneous Acquisition of Spatial Harmonics. MAGMA. 1998;7:42-54.
3. Kyriakos W, et al. Senstivity profiles from an array of coils for encoding and reconstruction in parallel (SPACE RIP). Magn Reson Med. 2000;44: 301-308.
4. Heidemann R, et al. VD-AUTO-SMASH imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45:1066-1074.
5. Griswold M, et al, Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA). Magn Reson Med. 2002;47:1202-1210.
6. Pruessmann K, et al. SENSE: Sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42:952-962.
7. Madore B, Pelc N. SMASH and SENSE: experimental and numerical comparisons, Magn Reson Med. 2001;45:1103-1111.
8. Griswold M, et al. Partially parallel imaging with localized sensitivities (PILS). Magn Reson Med. 2000;44:602-609.
9. Roemer P, et al, The NMR phased array. Magn Reson Med. 1990;16: 192-225.
10. Pruessmann K, et al, US Patent 6326786, in USPTO. United States Patent Office, 2001.
11. van den Brink J, et al. Implications of SENSE MR in routine clinical practice. Eur J Radiol. 2003;46:3-27.
12. Weiger M, Pruessmann K, Boesiger P. 2D SENSE for faster 3D MRI. MAGMA. 2002;14:10-19.
13. McKenzie C, et al. Self-calibrating parallel imaging with automatic coil sensitivity extraction. Magn Reson Med. 2002;47:529-538.
14. Kostler H, et al. Auto-SENSE perfusion imaging of the whole human heart. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18:702-708.
15. Kurihara Y, et al. Coil sensitivity encoding in MR imaging: advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178: 1087-1091.
16. Weiger M, et al. Contrast-enhanced 3d MRA using SENSE. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;12:671-677.
17. Griswold M, et al. Resolution enhancement in single-shot imaging using simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH). Magn Reson Med. 1999;41:1236-1245.
18. Bammer R, et al. Improved diffusion-weighted single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) in stroke using sensitivity encoding (SENSE). Magn Reson Med. 2001;46:548-554.
19. Schoenberg S, et al. High-resolution MR-angiography of the renal angiography of the renal arteries using Integrated parallel Acquisition Techniques (iPAT) with an Auto-SMASH-Algorithm. Proc Intl Soc Magn Reson Med. 2003;11:327.
20. Sodickson D, et al. Contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography with simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics: a pilot study. Radiology. 2000; 217:284-289.
21. Prince M. Gadolinium-enhanced MR aortography. Radiology. 1994; 191:155-164.
22. Wilman A, Riederer S. Improved centric phase encoding orders for three-dimensional magnetization-prepared MR angiography. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36:384-392.
23. Willinek W, et al. Randomly segmented central k-space ordering in high-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the supraaortic arteries: initial experience. Radiology. 2002;225:583-588.
24. Korosec F, et al. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36:345-351.
25. Schoenberg S, et al. Renal arteries: optimization of three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography with bolus-timing-independent fast multiphase acquisition in a single breath hold. Radiology. 1999;211: 667-679.
26. Wilman A, et al. Fluoroscopically-triggered contrast-enhanced three dimensional MR angiography with elliptical centric view order: application to the renal arteries. Radiology. 1997;205:137-146.
27. Maki J, Chenevert T, Prince M. Optimizing three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Invest Radiol. 1998;33:528-537.
28. Maki J, Chenevert T, Prince M. The effects of incomplete breath holding on 3D MR image quality. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;7:1132-1139.
29. Nguyen T, et al. Optimization of view ordering for motion artifact suppression. Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;19:951-957.
30. Wilman A, Riederer S. Performance of an elliptical centric view order for signal enhancement and motion artifact suppression in breathhold three-dimensional gradient echo imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38: 793-802.
31. Fain S, Riederer S. Dependence of venous enhancement on the field of view in 3D contrast-enhanced MRA using the elliptical centric view order. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45:1134-1141.
32. Fain S, et al. High-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries: a prospective comparison with digital subtraction angiography. Radiology. 2001;218:481-490.
33. Fain S, et al. Theoretical limits of spatial resolution in elliptical-centric contrast-enhanced 3d-MRA. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42:1106-1116.
34. Maki J, et al. The effects of time varying intravascular signal intensity on three-dimensional MR angiography image quality. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;6:642-651.
35. Wilson G, et al. A direct comparison study to evaluate the utility of sensitivity encoding (SENSE) in renal MR angiography [Abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Honolulu, 2002.
36. Maki J, et al. Utilizing SENSE to achieve lower station sub-millimeter isotropic resolution and minimal venous enhancement in peripheral MR angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;15:484-491.
37. Goldman J. Single pass four station peripheral vascular MRA utilizing parallel imaging: imaging from the renal arteries to the foot in 31 seconds. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
38. Muthupillai R, et al. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in pediatric patients using sensitivity encoding. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;17:559-564.
39. Golay X, et al. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced carotid MR angiography using sensitivity encoding (SENSE). AJNR Am JNeuroradiol. 2001; 22:1615-1619.
40. Ohno Y, et al. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced pulmonary MR angiography using sensitivity encoding (SENSE). J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;17:330-336.
41. Hoogeveen R, Visser F, van den Brink J. High-resolution isotropic whole-brain angiography at 1.5T and 3.0T with PCA using highly accelerated SENSE imaging [Abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
42. Douglas E, et al. Direct comparison of sensitivity encoding (SENSE) accelerated and conventional 3D contrast enhanced mr angiography (CE-MRA) of renal arteries: effect of increased spatial resolution. In: Proceedings of Section for Magnetic Resonance Technologists (SMRT), Kyoto, Japan. 2004.
43. Walter C, et al. High resolution contrast-enhanced 3D MR-angiography of renal arteries using parallel imaging (SENSE). Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr. 2003;175:1244-1250.
44. Willinek W, et al. 3.0T time-of-flight MR angiography: comparison with 1.5T. Initial experience. Radiology. 2003;229:913-920.
45. Korst M, et al. Accuracy of normal-dose contrast-enhanced MR angiography in assessing renal artery stenosis and accessory renal arteries. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174:629-634
46. De Cobelli F, et al. Renal artery stenosis: evaluation with breathhold, three-dimensional, dynamic, gadolinium-enhanced versus phase contrast MR angiography with a phased array multicoil. Radiology. 1997; 201:697-703.
47. Reiumont M, et al. Evaluation of renal artery stenosis with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169: 39-44.
48. Steffens J, et al. Contrast-enhanced, k-space-centered, breathhold MR angiography of the renal arteries and the abdominal aorta. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;7:617-622.
49. Bakker J, et al. Renal artery stenosis and accessory renal arteries: accuracy of detection and visualization with gadolinium-enhanced breath-hold MR angiography. Radiology. 1998;207:497-504.
50. Kaandorp D, et al. Motion of the proximal renal artery during the cardiac cycle. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;12:924-928.
51. Vasbinder G, et al. Motion of the distal renal artery during 3D contrast-enhanced breathhold MRA. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;16:685-696.
52. Hoogeveen R, Bakker C, Viergever M. Limits to the accuracy of vessel diameter measurement in MR angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998;8:1228-1235.
53. Wilson G, Haynor D, Maki J. Resolution requirements for grading stenoses in 3D CE-MRA. 6th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Denver, 2000:1787.
54. Vasbinder G, et al. Diagnostic tests for renal artery stenosis in patients suspected of having renovascular hypertension: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:401-411.
55. Dong Q, et al. Renal MR angiography. Semin Interv Radiol. 1998;15: 163-177.
56. Hessel S, Adams D, Abrams H. Complications of angiography. Radiology. 1981;138:273-281.
57. Shehadi W, Toniolo G. Adverse reactions to contrast media: a report from the Committee on Safety of Contrast Media of the International Society of Radiology. Radiology. 1980;137:299-302.
58. Velazquez O, Baum R, Carpenter J. Magnetic resonance angiography of lower-extremity arterial disease. Surg Clin North Am. 1998;78:519-537.
59. Meaney J, et al. Stepping-table gadolinium-enhanced digital subtraction MR angiography of the aorta and lower extremity arteries: preliminary experience. Radiology. 1999;211:59-67.
60. Ho K, et al. Peripheral vascular tree stenoses: evaluation with moving-bed infusion-tracking MR angiography. Radiology. 1998;206:683-692.
61. Ho V, et al. Automated bolus chase peripheral MR angiography: initial practical experiences and future directions of this work-in-progress. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;10:376-388.
62. Leiner T, et al. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced moving-bed infusion-tracking (MoBI-Track) peripheral mr angiography with flexible choice of imaging parameters for each field of view. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;11:368-377.
63. Alson M, Lang E, Kaufman J. Pedal arterial imaging. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997;8:9-18.
64. Bartos J, et al. Significance of pedal arch for femoropopliteal vein bypass patency. Int Angiol. 1991;10:25-28.
65. Imparato A, et al. Angiographic criteria for successful tibial arterial reconstructions. Surgery. 1973;74:830-838.
66. Maki J, et al. Predicting venous enhancement in peripheral MRA using a two station timing bolus. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition. Toronto: International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2003.
67. Maki J, et al. 3D Gd-enhanced peripheral MR angiography using multistation SENSE (WakiTrak LS): an update [Abstract]. In: 11th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition. Toronto: International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2003.
68. Quick H, et al. High spatial resolution whole-body MR angiography featuring parallel imaging: initial experience. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr. 2004;176:163-169.
69. Finn J, et al. Thorax: low-dose contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography with subsecond temporal resolution initial results. Radiology. 2002;224:896-904.
70. Goyen M, et al. Dynamic 3D MR angiography of the pulmonary arteries in under four seconds. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;13:372-377.
71. Swan J, et al. Time-resolved three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the peripheral vessels. Radiology. 2002;225:43-52.
72. Turski P, et al. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the carotid bifurcation using the time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) technique. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;12:175-181.
73. Vigen K, et al. Undersampled projection-reconstruction imaging for time-resolved contrast-enhanced imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2000;43: 170-176.
74. Peters D, et al. Undersampled projection reconstruction applied to MR angiography. Magn Reson Med. 2000;43:91-101.
75. Barger A, et al. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced imaging with isotropic resolution and broad coverage using an undersampled 3D projection trajectory. Magn Reson Med. 2002;48:297-305.
76. Mistretta C, et al. 3D time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR DSA: advantages and tradeoffs. Magn Reson Med. 1998;40:571-581.
77. Carr J, Finn J. MR imaging of the thoracic aorta. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am. 2003;11:135-148.
78. Matsunaga N, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging features of aortic diseases. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;14:253-266.
79. Strotzer M, et al. Morphology and hemodynamics in dissection of the descending aorta: assessment with MR imaging. Acta Radiol. 2000;41:594-600.
80. Pereles F, Baskaran V. Abdominal magnetic resonance angiography: principles and practical applications. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2001; 12:317-326.
81. van Beek E, et al. MRI for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18:627-640.
82. Meaney J, et al. Pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;10:326-338.
83. Maki D, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography-initial experience. Radiology. 2001;219:243-246.
84. Fink C, et al. Partially parallel three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of lung perfusion: initial results. Invest Radiol. 2003;38:482-488.
85. Goldman J, Lookstein R, Marin M. Rapid functional CE-MRA in determining direction of contrast flow: initial feasibility and clinical applications. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
86. Chen Q, et al. On improving temporal and spatial resolution in 3D contrast-enhanced body MRA with parallel imaging. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
87. Krishnamoorthy S, et al. Time resolved 3D body MRA with 4X parallel imaging. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
88. Hori M, et al. Subsecond three-dimensional renal MR angiography with sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and half Fourier technique in patients with renal cell cancer. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
89. Nikolaou K, et al. High-resolution MRA and fast perfusion imaging using integrated parallel acquisition techniques (iPAT) in the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
90. Ohno Y, et al. MR angiography with sensitivity encoding (SENSE): improvement of diagnostic capability of pulmonary embolism. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2003. Toronto, 2003.
91. Ookawa M, et al. One-second temporal resolution 4D MR DSA with 3D TRICKS, elliptical centric view ordering, and parallel imaging. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2003. Toronto, 2003.
92. Fink C, et al. Contrast-enhanced 3D MR perfusion imaging of the lungs using parallel imaging techniques. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
93. Ohno Y, et al. Quantitative assessment of regional pulmonary perfusion in the entire lung using 3D ultrafast dynamic CE MRI: preliminary clinical experience in 22 subjects. In: Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003.
94. Hoogeveen R, et al. Fast dynamic, high resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography with CENTRA keyhole and SENSE. In: Proceedings of the 12th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Kyoto, Japan, 2004.
95. Carroll T, et al. Carotid bifurcation: evaluation of time-resolved three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology. 2001;220: 525-532.
96. Parker D, Yuan C, Blatter D. MR angiography by multiple thin slab 3D acquisition. Magn Reson Med. 1991;17:434-451.
97. Oelerich M, et al. Intracranial vascular stenosis and occlusion: comparison of 3D time-of-flight and 3D phase-contrast MR angiography. Neuroradiology. 1998;40:567-573.
98. Dagirmanjian A, et al. High resolution, magnetization transfer saturation, variable flip angle, time-of-flight MRA in the detection of intracranial vascular stenoses. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;19:700-706.
99. Wanke I, et al. Intracranial aneurysms: pathogenesis, rupture risk, treatment options. Fortsch Rontgenstr. 2003;175:1064-1070.
100. White P, Wardlaw J, Easton V. Can noninvasive imaging accurately depict intracranial aneurysms? A systematic review. Radiology. 2000;217: 361-370.
101. Huston J, et al. Blinded prospective evaluation of sensitivity of MR angiography to known intracranial aneurysms: importance of aneurysm size. Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:1607-1614.
102. Chung T, et al. Evaluation of cerebral aneurysms with high-resolution MR angiography using a section-interpolation technique: correlation with digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20: 229-235.
103. Korogi Y, et al. Intracranial aneurysms: diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional, Fourier transform, time-of-flight MR angiography. Radiology. 1994;193:181-186.
104. Korogi Y, et al. MR angiography of intracranial aneurysms: a comparison of 0.5 T and 1.5 T. Comput Med Imaging Graph. 1997;21:111-116.
105. White P, et al. Intracranial aneurysms: CT angiography and MR angiography for detection prospective blinded comparison in a large patient cohort. Radiology. 2001;219:739-749.
106. Grandin C, et al. Diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms: accuracy of MR angiography at 0.5 T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:245-252.
107. Metens T, et al. Intracranial aneurysms: detection with gadolinium-enhanced dynamic three-dimensional MR angiography: initial results. Radiology. 2000;216:39-46.
108. Gibbs G, et al. Improved image quality of intracranial aneurysms: 3.0T versus 1.5T time-of-flight MR angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;25:84-87.
109. Edelstein W, et al. The intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio in NMR imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1986;3:604-618.
110. Frayne R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T: challenges and advantages in clinical neurological imaging. Invest Radiol. 2003;38:385-402.
111. Bernstein M, et al. High-resolution intracranial and cervical MRA at 3.0T: technical considerations and initial experience. Magn Reson Med. 2001;46:955-962.
112. Al-Kwifi O, Emery D, Wilman A. Vessel contrast at three Tesla in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography of the intracranial and carotid arteries. Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;20:181-187.
113. Thomas S, et al. Application of magnetization transfer at 3.0T in three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography of the intracranial arteries. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;15:952-962.
114. Willinek W, et al. Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) for high spatial resolution time-of-flight MR angiography of the intracranial arteries at 3.0T. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr. 2004;176: 21-26.
115. Laub G, Purdy D. Variable tip-angle slab selection for improved three-dimensional acquisition: preliminary clinical experience in 80 patients. In: Proceedings of the Society of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SMRI). 1992. New York, 1992.
116. Nagele T, et al. The effects of linearly increasing flip angles on 3-D inflow MR angiography. Magn Reson Med. 1994;31:561-566.
117. Dumoulin C, et al. Three-dimensional phase contrast angiography. Magn Reson Med. 1989;9:139-149.
118. Pelc N, et al. Encoding strategies for three-direction phase-contrast MR imaging of flow. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1991;1:405-413.
119. Kouwenhoven M. Current MR angiographic imaging techniques: a survey. In: Vascular Diagnostics. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 1995:375-400.
120. Beerbaum P, et al. Rapid left-to-right shunt quantification in children by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging combined with sensitivity encoding (SENSE). Circulation. 2003;108:1355-1361.
121. Nayak K, et al. Real-time color flow MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2000;43: 251-258.
122. Heid O. Fourier spliced pencil imaging. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Nice, France 1995.
123. Hoogeveen R, Leone B, van den Brink J. Real-time quantitative flow using EPI and SENSE. In: Proceedings of the 9th Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Glasgow, 2001.
124. Leiner T, et al. Contrast-enhanced peripheral MR angiography at 3.0 Tesla: initial experience with a whole-body scanner in healthy volunteers. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;17:609-614.
125. Pruessmann K, et al. Advances in sensitivity encoding with arbitrary k-space trajectories. Magn Reson Med. 2001;46:638-651.
126. Bydder M, Larkman D, Hajnal J. Generalized SMASH imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2002;47:160-170.
127. Bydder M, Larkman D, Hajnal J. Detection and elimination of motion artifacts by regeneration of k-space. Magn Reson Med. 2002;47:677-686.